甘肃瑞香提取物对菜粉蝶幼虫生物活性的影响

为探明甘肃瑞香(Daphne tangutica Maxim)对菜粉蝶幼虫的生物活性,以甘肃瑞香的全株、叶、茎皮、茎木质部、根皮和根木质部为研究对象,以甲醇、乙酸乙酯、丙酮、氯仿、苯和石油醚为溶剂,采用索氏法提取其活性成分,明确其最佳的杀虫活性部位和提取溶剂.结果表明:在干粉100mg/mL的质量浓度下,各溶剂瑞香全株的提取物均对菜粉蝶幼虫表现出明显的拒食、胃毒和触杀作用,其中苯的提取效果最好,其粗提物对菜粉蝶5龄幼虫24h的拒食率为92.29%,胃毒作用的LD50为19.56μg/头,7d后触杀作用的LD50为52.56μg/头.甘肃瑞香不同部位的苯提取物对菜粉蝶5龄幼虫均表现出明显的拒食、胃毒和触杀作用,其活性部位表现为甘肃瑞香叶>根皮>茎皮>茎木质部>根木质部.甘肃瑞香叶粗提物杀虫活性最高,其粗提物对菜粉蝶5龄幼虫24h的拒食率为94.59%,胃毒作用的LD50为8.47μg/头;7d后触杀作用的LD50为50.41μg/头.     

不同盐度海水对锯缘青蟹幼蟹生长变态的影响

实验室条件下比较了盐度为0、3.38‰、6.76‰、10.14‰、13.52‰、16.99‰条件下锯缘青蟹由二期幼蟹至六期幼蟹的生长变态情况。初步结果表明:青蟹幼蟹在变态为四期幼蟹之前,对环境盐度条件有较高的要求:盐度低于10‰,将延长其变态周期和降低成活率;四期幼蟹以后对盐度的适应能力明显增强,此阶段适当降低盐度,将有助于缩短其蜕壳周期。     

高锰酸钾防治对虾幼体聚缩虫病的研究

在对虾育苗期间,以选择施用0.5ppm和1ppm高锰酸钾、换水补药的方式为预防措施,以泼洒2～4ppm高锰酸钾短期药浴为应急治疗方法,连续2年在对虾育苗生产中取得了抑制和杀灭聚缩虫病成功率为100％,每立方水体生产15～25万尾仔虾的良好效果。育苗水体长期施用0.5～1ppm高锰酸钾对对虾幼体、单胞藻、卤虫无毒害作用,对微粒饵料、水质因子亦无不良影响。高锰酸钾施用方便,成本低廉,投入成本只占万尾虾苗售价的万分之一左右,便于在大生产中推广应用。     

罗氏沼虾早苗的中间培育及成虾高产养殖

介绍了在塑料棚控温土地内对罗氏沼虾早繁苗进行放养前中间培育及池塘成虾高产养殖的具体过程和方法，探讨了罗氏沼虾早苗中间培育和成虾养殖的一些技术问题。     

太平洋牡蛎控温育苗高产技术

介绍了太平洋牡蛎亲贝的选择和促熟，获卵与孵化，幼虫发育和培育技术，以及附苗和单体牡蛎苗种生产方法。     

Histological and histochemical changes in the digestive tract of white sturgeon larvae during ontogeny

Ontogenetic changes in digestive tract histology and digestive enzyme histochemistry were investigated 11 to 36 days post-hatch in white sturgeon Acipenser transmontanus larvae. From initiation of exogenous feeding (12 days post-hatch), larvae were fed a commercial salmonid diet for the ensuing 24 days. The digestive system of white sturgeon displayed a high degree of morphologic organization and functionality at the onset of exogenous feeding. An enhancement of digestive capacities occurred with transition to active feeding. On day 2 of feeding, there was a clear increase of alkaline phosphatase, aminopeptidase M, dipeptidyl peptidase IV, and -glutamyl transpeptidase activity in the brush border of the spiral intestine. This strong activity is an apparent confirmation of the importance of this segment of the intestine for protein digestion and nutrient absorption. The functional development of the pyloric intestine occurred on day 4 and was concomitant with an increase in the activity of brush border and cytoplasmic enzymes such as acetylcholinesterase, dipeptidyl peptidase II, - and -galactosidases. The absence of acetylcholinesterase, lactase, nonspecific esterase, and weak activity of exopeptidases and alkaline phosphatase in the anterior intestine suggests that this segment of the intestine may be less important in nutrient absorption than the pyloric and spiral intestines. The observed quantitative and qualitative differences in enzyme activity along the intestine indicate a high degree of specialization of each segment for specific digestive and absorptive processes.     

仔稚鱼的极性脂——磷脂研究进展

总结了饲料磷脂对仔稚鱼在成活率、生长、抗御外部压力的耐受性以及畸形鱼发生率等方面的重要作用。饲料中缺乏磷脂对仔稚鱼的影响比对幼鱼的影响更明显 ,仔稚鱼饲料中的磷脂含量应高于幼鱼饲料中磷脂的含量。仔稚鱼对饲料磷脂中的磷脂酰胆碱和磷脂酰肌醇的需要量占饲料的 1%～ 3% (干重 )。用磷脂作为必需脂肪酸和能量的来源在仔稚鱼中的消化率高于中性脂的消化率。饲料磷脂可以增强仔稚鱼体内的脂类运输能力     

Nutrient composition and metamorphosis success of Atlantic halibut (Hippoglossus hippoglossus, L.) larvae fed natural zooplankton or Artemia

Atlantic halibut larvae were fed docosohexanoic acid- (DHA) selco enriched Artemia (RH-cysts) or wild zooplankton in duplicate tanks from first-feeding and 60 days onward. The zooplankton were collected from a fertilized sea water pond and consisted mainly of different stages of Eurytemora affinis and Centropages hamatus . There were no differences in survival, or in growth during the first 45 days of feeding, between larvae fed the two prey items, but the larvae fed Artemia showed much higher incidence of malpigmentation and impaired eye migration than larvae fed zooplankton. The prey organisms contained similar amounts of dry matter and protein, but Artemia was higher in lipid and glycogen than the zooplankton. Larvae fed Artemia were higher in both glycogen and lipid than the zooplankton-fed larvae towards the end of the feeding period. There were large differences between the prey organisms in the concentrations of essential fatty acids (% of total fatty acids) which was reflected in the fatty acid composition of the larval body. It is concluded that the macronutrient composition of Artemia in the present study was probably within the optimal range for promotion of growth and survival in young Atlantic halibut. The concentration of n-3 HUFA, and especially DHA, is however, very much lower in enriched Artemia than in copepods, and may be one of the factors triggering developmental errors in Atlantic halibut.