哈茨木霉菌诱导烟草抗黑胫病代谢差异的研究

为研究哈茨木霉菌对NC89接种烟草疫霉菌前后抗病相关代谢途径的影响,以烟草品种NC89为试验材料,设置四个处理：接种清水（NC89CK）、接种烟草疫霉菌谷（NC89_P）、接种哈茨木霉菌（NC89_T）、接种哈茨木霉菌后接种烟草疫霉菌谷（NC89_T_P）,利用超高效液相色谱与质谱联用技术（liquid chromatography-mass spectrometer,LC/MS）比较各处理抗病相关代谢通路的变化差异。结果表明,哈茨木霉菌对烟草疫霉菌有着较好的生防作用。代谢组学分析表明,筛选到893个差异代谢产物及其富集的代谢通路,涉及抗病相关的代谢途径20条;各处理间脂肪酸及其衍生物、黄酮和类黄酮、萜类、苯丙氨酸及其次生代谢物和泛酸等物质的含量存在显著差异,为进一步探究哈茨木霉菌对烟草疫霉菌的抑制机理奠定了基础。     

2种微生物制剂与有机诱导抗病剂在烤烟生产上的组合应用

[目的]明确哈茨木霉菌、萎缩芽孢杆菌2种微生物制剂与有机诱导抗病剂在烤烟生产上的组合应用效果.[方法]通过苗期试验和大田试验研究哈茨木霉菌、萎缩芽孢杆菌制剂分别与有机诱导抗病剂(DMP)组合应用对烤烟农艺性状及病害防治的影响.[结果]苗期试验结果表明:DMP分别与哈茨木霉菌、萎缩芽孢杆菌组合应用对烟苗主要农艺性状的提高作用优于DMP、哈茨木霉菌和萎缩芽孢杆菌单独施用,DMP与萎缩芽孢杆菌组合应用对烟苗株高、叶片数、茎直径、地上部分鲜重、地下部分鲜重、地上部分干重和地下部分干重的提高作用最好.大田试验结果表明:在移栽时再施用等量DMP,苗期采用DMP与哈茨木霉菌、萎缩芽孢杆菌组合育苗的烟株大田期主要农艺性状和对烟草黑胫病和花叶病的相对防效均高于单独采用DMP、哈茨木霉菌和萎缩芽孢杆菌育苗的处理,其中以DMP+萎缩芽孢杆菌组合育苗的处理对烟草黑胫病、烟草花叶病的防控效果最好,与常规防治相比,相对防效分别为64.18％和71.43％.[结论] DMP+萎缩芽孢杆菌组合在提高烤烟农艺性状及防治烟草黑胫病和花叶病病害方面效果显著,值得进一步开发应用于烤烟生产.     

生防菌哈茨木霉FJAT-9040深层发酵的生长适合度分析

为了解哈茨木霉Trichoderma harzianum菌株FJAT-9040在液体深层发酵培养过程中pH值、孢子数等参数及抑菌作用的动态变化,采用50 L全自动发酵罐对菌株FJAT-9040进行液体发酵培养,检测不同发酵时段培养液的pH值、黏度、孢子数和菌丝干重等参数,分析各参数间的相关性,并探讨不同发酵时段的培养液和无菌上清液对枯萎病菌菌株FJAT-135的抑制作用。结果表明,在菌株FJAT-9040的发酵过程中,培养液pH值呈先降低、32 h后缓慢上升的变化,变化幅度较小;黏度值呈波浪式上升,末期下降;孢子数的变化表现为前期下降、中期增长、后期基本稳定,最大时达1.4×107 cfu·mL-1;菌丝干重则呈现阶梯式增长,至发酵结束时达10.29 mg·mL-1。发酵过程中,培养液的pH值与黏度的相关性不显著,但与孢子数和菌丝干重极显著相关;黏度也与孢子数、菌丝干重极显著相关;孢子数与菌丝干重也呈极显著相关。液体发酵的最适时间为96~108 h。各发酵时段的菌株FJAT-9040培养液对菌株FJAT-135都具有较强的抑制作用,抑制率达77.92%以上;菌株FJAT-9040无菌上清液则未表现出抑菌作用。     

三唑酮对豌豆根际木霉定殖和尖孢镰刀菌厚垣孢子萌发的影响

研究结果表明,微量三唑酮能有效提高木霉拮抗菌株在豌豆根际、根外土中的定殖能力木霉菌和三唑酮都能抑制根际和根外豌豆尖孢镰刀菌的厚垣孢子萌发,木霉菌的抑制作用较4μg土和6μg土三唑酮强,木霉菌和三唑酮结合可进一步抑制根际厚垣孢子的萌发。     

不同根癌农杆菌菌株类型对木霉菌遗传转化效率的影响

研究报道了不同根癌农杆菌菌株类型对木霉菌遗传转化效率的影响,结果表明,在所选用的3种根癌农杆菌中,AGL-1和GV3101介导的木霉菌转化获得成功,转化效率分别为60～180个转化子/107个孢子和40～120个转化子/107个孢子,而农杆菌LBA4404介导的转化没有获得成功.该研究为探讨根癌农杆菌介导的转化系统在其它丝状真菌遗传转化上的应用提供了参考.     

Comparative efficacy and economics of insecticides against chickpea semilooper,Autographa nigrisigna Walker (Noctuidae: Lepidoptera) infesting chickpea

Abstract

All fifteen insecticides tested significantly reduced pest levels. Permethrin 25 e.c. @ 150ga.i./ha proved significantly superior than other insecticides during both the years when observed 3 days after treatment but was at par with deltamethrin 2.8 e.c. and fenvalerate 20 e.c. when observed 7 and 15 days after spraying. Isofenphos was least effective, however, it did not differ significantly from phosalone during 1981–82 and fenitrothion, triazophos and phosalone during 1982–83. Maximum and the minimum cost benefit ratios of 1 : 10.6 and 1 : 4.0 were obtained in gamma BHC and fenvalerate treated plots respectively.     

木霉菌对杂交水稻生长影响差异的研究

[目的]通过比较哈茨木霉（Trichoderma harzianum）抗药性标记菌株TUV-13和野生型菌株T2-16对水稻生长影响的差异,筛选出对水稻生长有更好促进作用的菌株,进一步推动木霉生防菌株在水稻上的应用。[方法]采用不同浓度的TUV-13和T2-16孢子悬浮液对水稻进行人工接种（浸种处理）,确定最适浸种浓度;室外盆栽试验采用常规方法测定水稻各个生长势指标。[结果]确定TUV-13和T2-16最适浸种浓度均为1×105个/ml;用此浓度的孢子悬浮液浸种均能提高种子活力,且TUV-13对水稻萌发的促进作用更显著,幼苗鲜重比经T2-16浸种处理增加4.85%,活力指数提高5.96%。盆栽试验显示,2个处理均能促进水稻植株根系和地上部分的生长,经TUV-13孢子悬浮液浸种的效果最显著。[结论]TUV-13对T优6135的生长具有更显著的促进作用,显示出TUV-13在水稻应用上的巨大潜力。     

Reduction of the Pathogenic Propagules of Fusarium profiferatum by Solar and Combined Soil Amendments

The effects of solarisation using clear, UV stabilized, 25μm low density polyethylene mulching combined with soil amendment of chicken manures 12 th^-1, mixed fungicides of Metalaxyl 2 g-Benlate 1.5 g L^-l, Biocontrol agent of Trichoderma harzianum （T.h.） and NPK fertilizer 180 Kg h^-1, on the survived micro and macrocondia of Fusarium proliferatum （Matsushita） Nirenberg were ascertained during summer 2008. Mulched treatments within 45 and 60 days significantly reduced viable propagules to 6 and 3.4 × l03 cfu1 g soil, respectively at 5 cm depth followed by 15 and 30 cm soil depth. Natural heating of dry soil reduced an initial population of 76 × 10^3 to 46.73, 49 and 49.13 × 103 cfu＇lg soil at 5, 15 and 30 cm depth, respectively. Therefore, Fusarium proliferatum reduced by 85.29 and 89.22% within 45 and 60 days compared to 38% in control aired soil. Application of mulching with T. harzianum caused a worthwhile reduction 84.37% in viable propagules, solar with low doses of Metalaxyl-Benlate further reduced Fusarium propagules at all depths 95.5%. Combining chicken manures proved its reduction of fungi cfu at 5 cm depth only, whereas NPK amendments failed in their reduction effects at various depths. However, almost 95% reduction in Fusarium propagules was achieved at various soil depths when combining Met.-Ben., with soil mulching. Combining T.h. was also proved to be significant in reducing fungus inoculum by 88.58, 96.06% at 5 and 15 cm depth. Generally, manures and NPK fertilizers amended soil found equally effective in reducing cfu of Fusarium at 5 and 15 cm depth similar to polyethylene mulching for both solar duration.     

Potential for Biological Control of Botrytis cinerea in Pinus sylvestris Seedlings

Grey mould (Botrytis cinerea Pers.: Fr.) is the most common economically important fungal disease in Swedish forest nurseries. In tests in a growth room, foliage of predisposed (preinoculation incubation at 35°C for 4 days) Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) seedlings was sprayed with suspensions containing Mycostop®, Binab® TF.WP or GlioMix® at concentrations of 0.5, 1 or 0.5 g l^?1, respectively, and/or conidia of B. cinerea (10⁶ spores ml^?1). Binab and GlioMix reduced grey mould in needles by 94 and 92%, respectively, and were as effective as the fungicide Euparen® M 50 WG, while Mycostop reduced disease by 51%. In one trial in a forest nursery, Mycostop, Binab and GlioMix, each applied two and four times during the growing season, suppressed spontaneous B. cinerea infections in needles of first year container-grown P. sylvestris seedlings by 16–57%, and were as effective as recommended fungicidal sprays. It was concluded that biological control has potential to effectively suppress grey mould in seedlings in forest nurseries.     

哈茨木霉TR-12对番茄褐斑病菌的拮抗作用

PDA平板拮抗试验表明,哈茨木霉对番茄褐斑病菌有强烈的拮抗作用,其孢子悬浮液的含孢量为105~108个/mL时,对番茄褐斑病菌的抑制率高达82.5%。比较测定了哈茨木霉菌液和4种药剂对番茄褐斑病菌的抑制效果。哈茨木霉对番茄褐斑病菌的抑制作用较50%速克灵WP和50%退菌特WP相对较差,哈茨木霉菌孢子悬浮液含孢量106个/mL的抑制效果与75%百菌清相近,含孢量108个/mL的抑制效果与70%甲基托布津相当。