不同施肥措施对3年生山桂花人工林林木生长的影响

在云南省的孟连县开展营造山桂花人工林施用N、P、NP、NPK肥及其每种植穴用量为0 g、100 g、200g、300 g的不同施肥措施对3年生期间山桂花人工林林木生长影响的试验研究。试验结果表明,当3年生时山桂花人工林林木的材积不同施肥处理的比不施肥处理的高1.6~5.4倍。所施用的4种肥料相比较,施肥效果为:N>NP>NPK>P。其3年生山桂花人工林林木平均材积,施用N的比施用NP的高2.7%,施用NP的比施用NPK的高49.3%,施用NPK的比施用P的高191.8%。不同施肥量对山桂花人工林(3年生)林木生长的效应是P300 g>200 g>100 g>0 g;N和NP是200 g>300 g>100 g>0 g;NPK是300 g>100 g>200 g>0 g。受当地气候影响,山桂花人工林(3年生)的生长可分为两季,12月~次年5月处于旱季,因气温低,降水少其幼林生长慢,6~11月为雨季,气温高、降水足其幼林生长快,雨季生长量比旱季高50%以上。     

华北落叶松和白杄幼苗对光照和竞争响应的差异比较

选用3年生华北落叶松和白杆幼苗为试验材料,盆栽试验以自然光照为基础设置4个遮光率水平作为不同光照条件,设置5个密度水平,每个树种15个栽植组合方式(包括单独栽植和混合栽植),进行一个生长季节的试验和取样观测分析,以确定这2个树种在苗期对光照和栽植密度的生长和生理响应以及存活率等功能特性的差异.结果表明:华北落叶松幼苗的相对地径生长量在微光条件下显著提高,且其存活率在半光照和弱光照条件下也显著提高.白杆幼苗的高生长量及叶片叶绿素含量表现出随光照减弱而升高的趋势,但其存活率不受光照条件的影响;在不同的栽植密度下,华北落叶松幼苗的生长和生理指标均未表现出显著差异,但适中的栽植密度可显著提高其存活率;白杆幼苗高生长量及叶片叶绿素含量在与落叶松混栽时比单树种栽植时高,但其存活率没有任何变化.上述结果表明:适度遮荫和密植可以在一定程度上改善华北落叶松苗期生长并显著提高其存活率,从而有利于华北落叶松成功度过幼苗幼树期;同时,适度遮荫和混栽也有利于白杆幼苗幼树的生长.     

Comparative productivity of Prosopis cineraria and Tecomella undulata based agroforestry systems in degraded lands of Indian Desert

Tree-crop interactions were monitored by measuring tree growth characters of Prosopis cineraria L. and Tecomella undulata L. and yields of Vigna radiata (L) in agroforestry systems in degraded lands of Indian Desert. Potential competition for resource between the trees and associated crop was analyzed by measuring soil water contents, soil organic matters and NH₄-N at different depths of soil layers i.e., 0–25 cm, 25–50 cm and 50–75 cm in the experimental plots. The plots size were 16 m × 18 m (D₁), 20 m × 18 m (D₂) and 32 m × 18 m (D₃) with tree densities of 208, 138 and 104 trees·ha⁻¹ after June 2002, respectively. Results showed that tree height increased by 3% to 7% during June 2002 to June 2004. Collar diameter increased by 30% and 11% in D₁, 23% and 19% in D₂ and 18% and 36% in D₃ plots, respectively, in P. cineraria and T. undulata in two years period. The increase in crown diameter was 9% to 18% in P. cineraria and 11% to 16% in T. undulata. Tree growth was relatively greater in 2002 than in 2003. Yield of V. radiata increased linearly from D₁ to D₃ plots. Lowest soil water content at 1 m distance from tree base indicated greater utilization of soil water within the tree rooting zone. Concentrations of soil organic matters and NH₄-N were the highest (p<0.05) in 0–25 cm soil layer. P. cineraria was more beneficial than T. undulata in improving soil conditions and increasing crop yield by 11.1% and thus more suitable for its integration in agricultural land. The yield of agricultural crop increased when density of tree species was appropriate (i.e., optimum tree density), though it varied with tree size and depended upon resource availability. The result indicated bio-economic benefits of optimum density of P. cineraria and T. undulata over traditional practices of maintaining random trees in farming system in arid zones. Biography: G. Singh (1961– ), male, Scientist E and Head, Division of Forest Ecology, Arid Forest Research Institute, New Pali Road, Jodhpur-342005, India.     

同龄纯林自然稀疏规律的研究

本文提出同龄纯林自(然)稀硫的理论方程式。这个方程式概括了各种不同立木度林分的自稀疏规律,由此方程式结合断面积生长模型可以导出不同初始密度林分的自然生长过程。熟知的完满立木度林分的自稀疏规律是本文所述方程式的特例。一个实例说明不同初始密度林分自然生长过程的计算方法及例证不同密度林分自稀疏规律的不同。     

菊叶薯蓣组织培养及快速繁殖

菊叶薯蓣组织培养以大田栽培苗地上部分幼嫩茎段作外植体。芽诱导培养基为MS+6-BA0.5～2.0mg·L-1+NAA0.1mg·L-1,继代增殖培养基为MS+6-BA1.0mg·L-1+NAA0.1 mg·L-1,生根培养基1/2MS+NAA0.5mg·L-1,每个过程均培养30d,每节段增殖2～3倍,生根率为85%以上。移栽基质为土壤∶珍珠岩(1∶3),遮光率为80%,保持较高湿度,每7d喷施1/2MS无机盐,1个月后成活率可达60%～80%。     

Concept and feasibility study for the integrated evaluation of environmental monitoring data in forests

In the 1970s unexpected forest damages, called “new type of forest damage” or “forest decline”, were observed in Germany and other European countries. The Federal Republic of Germany and the German Federal States implemented a forest monitoring system in the early 1980s, in order to monitor and assess the forest condition. Due to the growing public awareness of possible adverse effects of air pollution on forests, in 1985 the ICP Forests was launched under the convention on long-range transboundary air pollution (CLRTAP) of the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UN-ECE). The German experience in forest monitoring was a base for the implementation of the European monitoring system. In 2001 the interdisciplinary case study “concept and feasibility study for the integrated evaluation of environmental monitoring data in forests”, funded by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research, concentrated on in-depths evaluations of the German data of forest monitoring. The objectives of the study were: (a) a reliable assessment of the vitality and functioning of forest ecosystems, (b) the identification and quantification of factors influencing forest vitality, and (c) the clarification of cause-effect-relationships leading to leaf/needle loss. For these purposes additional data from external sources were acquired: climate and deposition, for selected level I plots tree growth data, as well as data on groundwater quality. The results show that in particular time series analysis (crown condition, tree growth, and tree ring analysis), in combination with climate and deposition are valuable and informative, as well as integrated evaluation of soil, tree nutrition and crown condition data. Methods to combine information from the extensive and the intensive monitoring, and to transfer process information to the large scale should be elaborated in future.

樟子松种源试验林生长情况调查

通过对樟子松不同种源试验林高生长和径生长的调查得知,地理种源不同,高生长存在着显著差异,一般人工林种源生长好于天然林种源。樟子松经过几十年的引种驯化是能够适应当地的环境条件,形成稳定种群。造林时,首先应选择种子产地土壤、气候条件与本地相似的地区调拨种子。若本地自然条件与种子产地相差较大,应选择经过长期引种已形成稳定种群的种子产地调拨种子,如9007(净月潭)、9014(章古台)、9006(高峰)、9012(青山)号产地的种子。     

Effects of continuous spectrum LEDs used in indoor cultivation of two coniferous species Pinus sylvestris L. and Abies borisii-regis Mattf

The effects of four different continuous spectrum LED light qualities on the growth characteristics of Pinus sylvestris L. (PS) and Abies borisii-regis Mattf. (AB) seedlings were studied. The seedlings were exposed for 35 days inside growth chambers to G2 (high in red and far-red), AP67 (high in blue and far-red), AP67-ARCH (high in green), and NS2 (high in blue including a small percentage in the UV area) LEDs, as well as fluorescent light (FL) as Control. Each species showed a unique light-adapted response. G2 treatment stimulated needle formation of PS seedlings, while AB seedlings were unaffected. Hypocotyl elongation was promoted by FL; however, LEDs resulted in compact plants with greater root development, especially under the AP67-ARCH and AP67 spectra for PS and AB, respectively. In PS, AP67-ARCH and G2 significantly increased dry weight, while AB was affected significantly by AP67 and NS2. Furthermore, root growth potential of both species was better after LED pre-cultivation than the FL. Therefore, the use of continuous spectrum LEDs can enhance desirable quality characteristics of seedlings, which may be advantageous in large scale seedling production for reforestation.     

小叶锦鸡儿退耕还林地林分生长状况

小叶锦鸡儿是我国北方干旱地区主要造林树种之一。通过对乌兰察布市后山地区不同林龄小叶锦鸡儿灌木林进行林分生长状况的研究,结果表明:该区小叶锦鸡儿灌木林地均出现不同程度的衰退,随着造林年限的增加,植物个体死亡情况趋于严重;植物个体生物量随造林年限的增加而增加;10年后个体生长缓慢,年生物量呈先增大后减少的趋势;土壤含水量随造林年限增加呈降低趋势。因此,对衰弱的小叶锦鸡儿灌木林要进行人为干预,促进林分快速恢复。     

关于利用“美国竹柳”营造速生林的研究

森林是＂地球之肺＂。贵州林业建设的战略定位是＂长江、珠江上游重要生态安全屏障＂,而发展速生林是实现贵州森林覆盖率达到50%的重要手段。＂美国竹柳＂被称为天下奇柳,具有生长迅速、材质优良等多种特性,是发展贵州林业产业的重要新品种。大力推广以美国竹柳种植为主的＂速生生态林＂,是克服威胁人类生存十大环境问题、寻找新的经济增长点的有效途径之一。