Least limiting water range: A potential indicator of changes in near-surface soil physical quality after the conversion of Brazilian Savanna into pasture

The Brazilian savanna, or “Cerrado”, is an ecosystem that originally covered more than 200 Mha in Brazil. It is estimated that about 49.5 Mha in the Cerrado are now covered with cultivated pastures, which are responsible for half of Brazilian beef production. However, soil and pasture degradation represent a threat to this productive system and to the Cerrado ecosystem itself. Thus, the objective of this research was to evaluate the least limiting water range (LLWR) as an index of near-surface soil physical quality after conversion of Brazilian savanna to continuous and short-duration grazing systems. Three sites were evaluated: native Cerrado (NC), continuous grazing (CG), and short-duration grazing (SG). Thirty soil cores (5 cm height, 5 cm diameter) were collected at each site, and used for soil bulk density, soil water retention curve, and soil penetration resistance curve determinations. The results were used for quantification of LLWR and critical bulk density (D_bc), in which LLWR equals zero. The near-surface soil physical quality, as evaluated by the LLWR, was most restrictive for potential root growth in SG. In CG, potential restriction was moderate; however, the entire soil bulk density range was below the D_bc. In NC, potential restriction was minimum. The soil structural degradation process was primarily related to the increase in stocking rates in the grazing systems. The LLWR proved to be a useful indicator of Cerrado soil physical quality, being sensitive to alterations in near-surface physical properties.     

浅谈观赏草在园林造景中的应用

观赏草是近年来兴起的新型植物材料,在园林景观创造中具有独特作用。其种类繁多,养护管理较为简易,可应用于水体驳岸、坡面绿化、花坛、花境等多种园林环境,营造出质朴自然的景观氛围。本文讨论了观赏草的常见种类、种植养护技术、景观应用及引种栽培中应注意的若干问题等内容。     

Evaluation of finger weeder safety and efficacy for intra-row weed removal in irrigated field crops

Increased demand for pesticide-free food and the development of herbicide-resistant weed populations have created a need for non-chemical weed-control tools. A candidate mechanical tool for controlling weeds in the seeding line (intra-row zone) is the finger weeder. This study thus aimed to evaluate the safety and weed-control efficacy of the finger weeder in various irrigated field crops. Eight field trials were conducted in processing tomato, sweet corn, sunflower, cotton, and beetroot over 2 years. The finger weeder treatments were applied as the sole weed-control method (single or double treatments) and in combination with herbicides. A mini meta-analysis was used to evaluate the overall effect of the finger weeder treatments on crop stand and yield and on weed control efficacy. Weed density in the control not treated with herbicides nor a finger weeder ranged between 2 and 62 weeds m⁻². The finger weeder treatments resulted in a significant reduction in weed density, which ranged between 40% and 90%. The weed density following the double finger weeder treatment was not significantly different from that for the conventional herbicide-based treatment (p = 0.32) and could therefore be considered as an effective environmentally friendly alternative. Furthermore, a single FW treatment integrated with herbicide application gave better weed control than the conventional herbicide treatment (p = 0.04). This treatment was safe for the crops with no significant stand (p = 0.19) or yield (p = 0.29) reductions compared to commercial treatment. The results of this study demonstrate the promise of the finger weeder as an effective tool within integrated weed management systems for conventional agro-systems. The tool offers a rational weed-control solution for sustainable systems under irrigation.     

论草业与河西走廊生态安全

河西走廊日趋严重的土地荒漠化威胁着当地的经济发展和欧亚通道的生态安全。本研究分析了河西走廊生态安全面临的危机,提出草业因其强大的生态功能,可遏制河西走廊土地荒漠化,促进生态环境改善。并指出草业生态工程主要包括三方面内容：1）以保护现有草地植被为重点,构建风沙沿线生态保护草带;2）以调整种植业结构为重点,构建绿洲草畜转化生态产业带;3）以实施草畜平衡为重点,构建沿山农牧互补生态置换带。     

杂草对灭生性除草剂百草枯的抗性问题

本文综述了百草枯抗性杂草的发生、发展情况以及抗性机理方面的报道，并就抗性杂草的治理提出几点建议。     

称多县草业与发展建议

草业作为畜牧业发展的物质基础,在农牧业结构调整中具有重要地位。根据称多县的实际,制定草业发展计划,积极发展草产业,解决天然草地普遍超载过牧,牧草供求不平衡等问题,提高抗御自然灾害的能力。     

高丹草农艺性状与产量的相关和通径分析

[目的] 明确对高丹草产量影响较大的关键农艺性状,挖掘其高产潜力,为品种选育及推广应用提供依据。[方法] 以12份高丹草材料为研究对象,对高丹草各性状进行测量,利用随机区组试验对高丹草主要农艺性状与单株干重进行相关性、主成分和通径分析。[结果] 各农艺性状的变异系数范围为11.61%~54.67%,表明各供试材料主要农艺性状存在丰富变异;各性状与单株干重相关性为株高>茎粗>叶片数>叶长>叶宽,单株干重与株高相关系数最大（0.746）,与叶宽的相关系数最小（0.349）;主成分分析共获得3个主成分,分别是株高因子、分蘖因子和叶宽因子,主成分分析中前3个主成分贡献率分别为45.855%、12.924%、11.594%,累计贡献率高达70.373%,主成分1中各性状特征向量值均为正值,单株干重、株高、茎粗、叶片数和叶长的载荷量较高,表明植株高大、主茎粗、叶片数多且植株叶片较长时,高丹草产量较高;通径分析中对植株产量直接影响的大小为株高（0.444）>茎粗（0.258）>叶片数（0.201）>叶宽（0.136）。[结论] 株高和茎粗是直接影响高丹草单株产量的重要性状。     

滇西南蔗区新有害生物-阔叶丰花草

近年来,临沧市部分蔗地发现一种新杂草,经实地调查和查阅相关资料,结果表明该物种是原产于南美洲热带地区,现已入侵广东南部、海南、香港、台湾、福建南部和浙江温岭一带的茜草科新归化种阔叶丰花草（Spermoce latifolia Aubl.）,该杂草尚未受到足够的重视。在对其入侵路径及危害、形态特征及消长规律进行归纳的基础上,重点提出了防控建议和防除措施。