喷施蔗糖和葡萄糖对小白菜硫代葡萄糖苷含量的影响

以小白菜"上海青"为试验材料,研究了喷施蔗糖和葡萄糖对小白菜生长和硫代葡萄糖苷含量的影响。结果显示,蔗糖和葡萄糖喷施对小白菜地上部鲜重和干重均没有显著影响,喷施蔗糖均能够显著增加小白菜总脂肪族硫代葡萄糖苷、总吲哚族硫代葡萄糖苷和总硫代葡萄糖苷含量,其中,0.1mol/L蔗糖喷施显著提高了3-丁烯基硫代葡萄糖苷和吲哚-3-甲基硫代葡萄糖苷含量,0.2mol/L蔗糖喷施显著增加了吲哚-3-甲基硫代葡萄糖苷和4-甲氧基吲哚-3-甲基硫代葡萄糖苷含量。0.2mol/L葡萄糖喷施显著增加总硫代葡萄糖苷及单个硫代葡萄糖苷含量。蔗糖和葡萄糖喷施均有增加总吲哚族硫代葡萄糖苷相对百分含量的趋势。研究表明外源喷施糖对小白菜硫代葡萄糖苷含量和组成具有显著的影响。     

中国双低油菜饼粕质特性的化学评价

本研究系统评价了３个新培育的中国“双低”油菜与加拿大卡诺拉的商品饼粕与脱脂种籽的化学特性。化学特性分析包括蛋白质、氨基本、碳水化合物（蔗糖、半乳糖、寡聚糖）、硫苷、日粮总纤维、灰分、钙、总磷、植酸磷和脂及。测定的纤维包括非淀粉多糖、木质素和多酚、细胞壁蛋白质和矿物质。用消化和透析装置体外测定了蛋白质消化率。     

芸薹属植物对四种土传病原微生物熏蒸效果的研究

通过培养皿试验,以抑菌率、菌丝干重、产孢量、孢子萌发率等四个指标来评价春夏秋冬小白菜、苏州青油菜、小花叶芥菜、红圆芜菁、香港迟花芥蓝和香港白花芥蓝六种芸薹属植物对黄瓜枯萎病、黄瓜灰霉病、黄瓜立枯病和水稻稻瘟病等四种病原菌生物熏蒸效果。结果表明,所选六种芸薹属植物对四种病原菌都具有抑制效果。不同芸薹属植物对病原菌的抑制效果存在差异,小花叶芥菜抑制效果最好,其次为红圆芜菁、香港迟花芥蓝、香港白花芥蓝和苏州青油菜,春夏秋冬小白菜抑菌效果最弱;同种芸薹属植物对不同土传病害病原菌抑制也存在差异,其中同种试验植物对黄瓜立枯病病菌的抑制效果要好于其他三种病害。     

拟南芥芥子油苷含量对外源茉莉酸的响应

芥子油苷是一类含氮、含硫的次生代谢产物,可以介导植物与环境之间的相互作用,其合成受茉莉酸类物质的调控.对拟南芥莲座叶进行外源茉莉酸甲酯喷施处理,利用实时荧光定量PCR技术分析了处理后莲座叶中响应茉莉酸基因PDF1.2的表达,并利用高效液相色谱法检测了芥子油苷各组分的含量.结果表明,茉莉酸甲酯处理后,PDF1.2基因的表...     

外源细胞分裂素BA对小白菜硫代葡萄糖苷含量的影响

研究外源细胞分裂素BA对小白菜硫代葡萄糖苷（硫苷）含量的影响,为提高小白菜硫苷含量提供参考。以不同浓度（0,0.2,5和20 mg·L^-1） BA进行处理,分析其对小白菜生长和硫苷含量的影响。随BA浓度的增加,小白菜鲜重有增加的趋势,其中5～20 mg·L^-1 BA处理显著增加了小白菜地上部鲜重。与对照相比,较高BA处理浓度（20 mg·L^-1）显著诱导了5-甲基亚磺酰戊基硫苷、3-丁烯基硫苷、4-戊烯基硫苷和总硫苷的含量,但在0.2 mg·L^-1 BA处理显著增加了4-戊烯基硫苷和2-苯乙基硫苷含量。5～20 mg·L^-1 BA处理显著抑制了1-甲氧基吲哚-3-甲基硫苷的含量,但对其他吲哚族硫苷含量并没有引起显著的变化。不同种类硫苷对不同浓度的BA处理有不同的响应,其中20 mg·L^-1 BA处理显著提高了小白菜总硫苷含量。     

羽衣甘蓝和白菜型油菜硫代葡萄糖苷超高效液相色谱—飞行时间质谱分析方法

利用超高效液相色谱-飞行时间质谱（UHPLC–Triple–TOF–MS）技术建立了羽衣甘蓝等蔬菜中硫代葡萄糖苷（Glucosinolate,简称硫苷）的分析方法。蔬菜样品采用70% 甲醇提取,采用UPLC BEH C₁₈反相色谱柱,乙腈-水（均含0.1%甲酸）流动相系统,10 min快速梯度洗脱;在电喷雾质谱负离子模式下采用飞行时间质谱全扫描-信息关联采集-子离子扫描（TOF–MS scan–IDA–Product ion scan）复合扫描模式,1次进样分析可同时获得硫苷的一级质谱和二级质谱信息;基于TOF–MS的高分辨率性能,得到硫苷分子、离子和碎片离子的精确质荷比,大大提高硫苷定性分析的准确性。将建立的分析方法应用于白菜型油菜Yellow Sarson的种子和羽衣甘蓝的叶片组织,分别鉴定出24和15种硫苷,表明本方法具有灵敏度高、准确度高和高通量等优点,适合于十字花科蔬菜中硫苷的分析。     

烤烟田休闲期5种绿肥的生物量及硫苷含量比较

研究了5种十字花科绿肥(油菜、芥菜、芜菁、萝卜、小青菜)在豫西烤烟田休闲期的生物量及硫苷含量。结果表明,1不同绿肥或同一绿肥不同器官硫苷含量存在较大差异。芥菜、油菜、芜菁和小青菜4种绿肥叶中的硫苷含量最高,其次是茎,根和花中含量较低;萝卜的硫苷含量以根、叶中较高,其次是茎,花中硫苷含量较低;从不同绿肥来看,油菜、芥菜和芜菁的硫苷含量较高,小青菜和萝卜的硫苷含量较低;从不同生育期来看,3个生育期的硫苷含量波动较小,以花荚期和盛花期略高于初花期。2不同绿肥及不同生育期生物量差异较大。从不同绿肥来看,油菜和芥菜的生物量较大,小青菜次之,芜菁和萝卜的生物量较小;从不同生育期来看,花荚期生物量最大,盛花期次之,初花期最小。建议在豫西烟区选择十字花科油菜和芥菜作绿肥,盛花期或花荚期进行翻压。     

油菜种子硫苷含量QTL定位和低硫等位基因的发掘与应用

以中、高硫苷油菜品种‘Sollux’与‘高油605’选系‘Gaoyou’杂交F1产生的DH（doubled haploid）群体（SG,n=282）为材料,在中国和德国4种环境下对其硫苷含量进行QTL定位分析,旨在解析高硫双亲背景下的超亲分离现象,发现新的低硫苷等位基因为育种服务;并在QTL水平上通过分析硫苷含量的上位性和环境互作,揭示硫苷遗传较预期复杂的可能原因。研究结果表明,定位的8个主效QTL加性效应值在22～34 μmol·g-1,纯合并存时可影响硫苷表型44 μmol·g-1,可解释群体内遗传变异的约50%。其中3个主效QTL（GSLqA9\|1,GSLqC2和GSLqC9）可能与前人在低硫×高硫分离群体中检测到的属同位点。GSLqA9\|2,GSLqA8和GSLqC1是SG群体中新检测到的控制种子硫苷含量的QTL。通过育种手段将低硫等位基因引入目前的双低油菜品种,有望进一步降低其硫苷含量至15 μmol·g-1以下,进一步提高其饼粕饲用价值;另检测到8对上位性QTL,效应值在050～185 μmol·g-1,累计总效应2062 μmol·g-1,约为加性总效应的1/2,可能是造成该性状复杂遗传机理的原因之一;5个QTL的8个连锁标记,其标记基因型和性状表现型的符合率在60%～85%,可作为辅助手段应用于低硫苷育种材料筛选。     

Glucosinolate metabolism,functionality and breeding for the improvement of Brassicaceae vegetables

Unique secondary metabolites, glucosinolates (S-glucopyranosyl thiohydroximates), are naturally occurring S-linked glucosides found mainly in Brassicaceae plants. They are enzymatically hydrolyzed to produce sulfate ions, D-glucose, and characteristic degradation products such as isothiocyanates. The functions of glucosinolates in the plants remain unclear, but isothiocyanates possessing a pungent or irritating taste and odor might be associated with plant defense from microbes. Isothiocyanates have been studied extensively in experimental in vitro and in vivo carcinogenesis models for their cancer chemopreventive properties. The beneficial isothiocyanates, glucosinolates that are functional for supporting human health, have received attention from many scientists studying plant breeding, plant physiology, plant genetics, and food functionality. This review presents a summary of recent topics related with glucosinolates in the Brassica family, along with a summary of the chemicals, metabolism, and genes of glucosinolates in Brassicaceae. The bioavailabilities of isothiocyanates from certain functional glucosinolates and the importance of breeding will be described with emphasis on glucosinolates.     

How Nitrogen and Zinc Levels Affect Seed Yield,Quality, and Nutrient Uptake of Canola Irrigated with Saline and Ultra-Saline Water

In order to investigate the effects of nitrogen (N) and zinc (Zn) fertilizers on seed yield, oil percentage, glucosinolate content, and nutrient uptake of canola (Brassica napus L. cv. Okapi), irrigated with saline and ultra-saline water, field experiments were conducted in Agriculture Research Centre of East Azarbaijan, Iran, during three consecutive years: 2011, 2012, and 2013. The experiments were carried out based on randomized complete block design arranged in factorial with three replications. The experimental treatments included N rates at three levels (0, 50, and 100 kg ha^?1), Zn rates at three levels (0, 5, and 10 kg ha^?1), and saline water at two levels (8 and 16 dS m^?1 as saline and ultra-saline water). According to the results, N and Zn application had a significant effect on the plant height, pod number per plant, and seed yield. However, the value of these traits decreased as a result of the higher salinity level (from 8 to 16 dS m^?1). From the results, the glucosinolate content was not affected by N or Zn fertilization, whereas, salinity increased the glucosinolate content from 27.51% to 30.06% when saline water and ultra-saline water were applied, respectively. In addition, the effect of ultra-saline water on the decrease in the N, phosphorous, potassium, and calcium uptake and the increase in the sodium and chlorine accumulation in canola seed was significant. However, Zn application could diminish adverse effects of salinity on phosphorus uptake. For instance, under ultra-saline water conditions, application of 10 kg ha^?1 Zn increased the seed phosphorus content compared with control treatment. In general, it seems that nutrients’ supply, especially N and Zn, can be considered as an effective solution to diminish adverse effects of salinity.