铅胁迫对姜叶片活性氧代谢的影响

以‘莱芜大姜’为试材,采用污灌方式研究不同水平铅（Pb）胁迫（土壤Pb 含量分别为0、150、450 和1 350 mg · kg-1）对姜叶片活性氧代谢的影响。结果表明,随Pb 胁迫水平的升高及胁迫时间的延长,姜叶片中生成速率和H2O2 含量显著升高,但过度Pb 胁迫则使其降低,而丙二醛（MDA）含量和电解质渗漏率则持续增加。Pb 胁迫40 d 时,超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、过氧化物酶（POD）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）、谷胱甘肽还原酶（GR）、抗坏血酸过氧化物酶（APX）、单脱氢抗坏血酸还原酶（MDHAR）、脱氢抗坏血酸还原酶（DHAR）等抗氧化酶活性随Pb 胁迫水平的升高显著增强,还原型抗坏血酸（AsA）、总抗坏血酸（AsA + DHA）及还原型谷胱甘肽（GSH）、总谷胱甘肽（GSH + GSSG）等抗氧化物质含量显著升高,AsA/DHA、GSH/GSSG 比值显著增加;随胁迫时间的增加,抗氧化酶活性及抗氧化物质含量则多以150 mg · kg-1 的轻度Pb 胁迫的较高,过度的Pb 胁迫则使其显著降低,表明AsA-GSH 循环遭受严重破坏。     

3种姜科植物提取物的体外抗菌活性

采用试管倍比稀释法研究3种姜科植物(砂仁、草豆蔻和高良姜)乙醇提取物对5种鸡、猪致病菌的体外抗菌活性。结果表明,3种姜科植物提取物对5种致病菌均有较好的抑制作用,对鸡和猪大肠杆菌、鸡和猪金黄色葡萄球菌、鸡沙门氏菌最低杀菌浓度(MBC)分别为125、15.6、62.5 mg/mL。说明3种姜科植物乙醇提取物对鸡、猪5种常见致病菌均具有较好的体外抗菌效果,其中对金黄色葡萄球菌的体外抑杀效果优于大肠杆菌和沙门氏菌。     

Effect of ginger supplementation on developmental toxicity induced by fenitrothion insecticide and/or lead in albino rats

Evaluation of the antioxidant and antiteratogenic role of ginger Zingiber officinale polyphenols against the toxicity induced by fenitrothion and/or lead in female albino rats were investigated. Adult virgin females were divided into 8 groups and were orally treated as follow: control (C), 1% w/w of ginger (G), 120 μg/animal lead as lead acetate (L), 10 mg/kg of fenitrothion (F), lead (120 μg/animal) fenitrothion (10 mg/kg) (LF), ginger (1%w/w) + fenitrothion (10 mg/kg) (GF), ginger (1%w/w) + lead (120 μg/animal) (GL), ginger (1%w/w) + lead (120 μg/animal) + fenitrothion (10 mg/kg) (GLF). Treatments were expanded for 28 days before pregnancy and during gestation period from zero to 6th day. Blood samples were taken at the day 20th of gestation and animals were sacrificed to investigate the effect of tested substances on dams and development of their fetuses. Inhibition in AchE in (F) and (LF) groups and elevation in plasma AchE in (L) groups were observed. Elevation in oxidative stress biomarker malondialdehyde (MDA) was recorded in all intoxicated groups concomitants with reduction in total reduced glutathione (GSH) and reduction in the activity of glutathione S-transferase (GST). Elevation in liver function biomarkers alanin amintransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and reduction in plasma total protein and albumin were recorded in (F), (L) and (LF). Supplementation with ginger in diet attenuates the alteration in MDA, GSH, GST, ALT and AST, however, it failed to counteract the effect of F, L and LF on AchE, total protein and albumin. Significant alterations in maternal toxicity were recorded in (GF, GL, LF and GLF) compared with control group. Also, parameters of embryotoxicity and fetotoxicity indicated significant decrease in litter number that observed in F and L and the number of dead fetus/dam and litters number increased in L group. Supplementation with ginger decreased each of the number of died fetus, growth retardation and fetal length, while, it increased fetal weight. As regards to, teratological aspects, the percentage of skeletal malformations and visceral anomalies were observed in all feti obtained from treated groups with different percentages. Supplementation with ginger slightly attenuates the developmental toxicity of fenitrothion and/or lead.     

Variation in DPPH scavenging activity and major volatile oil components of cassumunar ginger, Zingiber montanum (Koenig), in response to water deficit and light intensity

Cassumunar ginger, Zingiber montanum (Koenig) Link ex Dietr. (Zingiberaceae), is called Phlai in Thailand. The current study investigates the levels of antioxidant activity and major volatile oil components in cassumunar ginger exposed to varying water deficits (0, 30, 60, 90 and 120 days before harvest) and light intensities (100%, 50% and 25% sunlight). A 120-day water deficit resulted in high volatile oil content and increased sabinene content, but DPPH scavenging activity was not affected. The quantity of volatile oil in the cassumunar ginger exposed to a 120-day water deficit was almost twice that of both the control and the sample exposed to a 30-day deficit. The highest terpinen-4-ol content was obtained after a 60-day water deficit, and (E)-1-(3′,4′-dimethoxyphenyl) butadiene content tended to decrease with prolonged water deficiency. The antioxidant activities of cassumunar ginger were 52.98%, 41.75% and 42.93% in plants grown at 100%, 50%, and 25% sunlight, respectively. Light intensity of 50% or 25% increased the biomass of cassumunar ginger but decreased the volatile oil content; antioxidant activity was not significantly affected.     

施肥水平对生姜品质的影响

氮磷钾及其施用水平对生姜根茎品质的影响不同。适量追施氮肥（４０ｋｇ／６６７ｍ２）可显著提高蛋白质和氨基酸的含量;并有利于糖、淀粉、Ｖｃ和挥发油的形成,但氮肥用量过多,上述营养成分降低。增施磷肥对提高糖含量作用较大,在本试验范围内（０～１５ｋｇ／６６７ｍ２）,可溶性糖含量随磷肥用量的增加而升高。增施钾肥对淀粉和纤维素的形成有较大促进作用。对Ｖｃ形成不利,钾肥用量越多,Ｖｃ含量越低,在本试验田肥力条件下,以每６６７ｍ２追施Ｎ４０ｋｇ、Ｐ２Ｏ５７．５ｋｇ、Ｋ２Ｏ４０ｋｇ效果最好,生姜品质最优。     

生姜新品种比较试验

为了鉴定6个生姜新品种在黔北生态区的适应性、丰产性、抗病(逆)性和姜块品质,特进行品种比较试验.结果表明:黔姜202002、AJ-1、黔姜201904品种表现较好,平均667 m2产量在2550.2～2989.8 k g,比对照水城小黄姜增产18.34％～29.68％;株高89.4～97.1 c m,分枝数12.6～1...     

4种药剂对生姜甜菜夜蛾的防治效果

为了明确防治生姜甜菜夜蛾的杀虫剂的杀虫效果,在生姜主产区开展田间药效试验,调查了4种杀虫剂对生姜甜菜叶蛾的幼虫防治效果和叶片受害防治效果。结果表明：氯虫苯甲酰胺悬浮剂、虫螨腈悬浮剂和茚虫威悬浮剂对生姜甜菜夜蛾的防效较好,而甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐水分散粒剂防效较差;其中,667 m²施200 g/L氯虫苯甲酰胺悬浮剂有效成分用量2.0 g后14 d,虫防效为98.19%,叶片受害防效为86.13%;667 m²施240 g/L虫螨腈悬浮剂有效成分用量5.0 g后14 d,虫防效为80.29%,叶片受害防效为71.05%;667 m²施15%茚虫威悬浮剂有效成分用量5.0 g后14 d,虫防效为73.40%,叶片受害防效为65.39%。不同药剂对甜菜夜蛾的幼虫防效高于叶片受害防效,但同剂量处理条件下2种评价方法的防效趋势相一致。因此,氯虫苯甲酰胺悬浮剂、虫螨腈悬浮剂和茚虫威悬浮剂可作为生姜甜菜夜蛾防治药剂在生产中推广使用,同时在田间药效评价时,可采用叶片受害防效来替代幼虫防效的调查方法,从而避免幼虫假死性对调查结果的干扰。     

3种保鲜剂单独与复合处理对仔姜贮藏品质的影响

以仔姜为研究对象,采用1-甲基环丙烯（1-MCP）熏蒸、二氧化氯和山梨酸钾溶液浸泡及复合处理（1-MCP+二氧化氯+山梨酸钾）对仔姜进行保鲜,定期测定仔姜硬度、腐烂率、色泽和失重率等感官指标,可溶性糖、总酚和VC含量等营养品质指标以及丙二醛含量、过氧化物酶（POD）活性、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性和组织结构等指标,研究1-MCP、二氧化氯和山梨酸钾3种保鲜剂单独及复合处理对仔姜贮藏品质的影响。结果表明：3种保鲜剂单独及复合处理均可延缓仔姜腐烂率、硬度和失重率的下降,抑制仔姜可溶性糖、VC和总酚含量的下降,抑制过氧化物酶（POD）活性,其中,复合保鲜剂的保鲜效果最好,贮藏60 d时,仔姜仍能保持较好的生理状态和活性成分含量。研究结果可为仔姜采后保鲜技术提供理论参考。     

咪鲜胺及其代谢物在芹菜和生姜中的残留行为及膳食风险评估

为研究咪鲜胺及其代谢物在芹菜和生姜中的残留行为及膳食摄入风险,开展咪鲜胺及其代谢物在芹菜和生姜上的1年6地规范残留试验,气相色谱法(GC-ECD)分析样品,采用农药残留联席会议的方法评价咪鲜胺及其代谢物在芹菜和生姜中的膳食摄入风险。在咪鲜胺的添加水平为0.02、0.1、1 mg/kg时,咪鲜胺在姜上的平均回收率为77%～87%,相对标准偏差为3%～13%。在咪鲜胺添加水平为0.05、0.5、1、10 mg/kg时,咪鲜胺在芹菜上的平均回收率为75%～114%,相对标准偏差为3%～6%。咪鲜胺在芹菜中的半衰期为6.1～6.8 d。一般人群对咪鲜胺的国家估算每日摄入量(NEDI)为0.67331 mg,膳食摄入风险概率为106.9%。试验结果显示,咪鲜胺及其代谢物在中国普通人群的膳食摄入风险不在可接受范围内,本试验为咪鲜胺的合理使用、科学监管及制定咪鲜胺在芹菜和生姜上的最大残留限量(MRL)标准提供试验数据依据。     

双牌山区虎爪姜贮藏技术初探

虎爪姜是一种具有高营养价值和药用价值的特色农作物,主要分布在湖南省双牌县的山区。由于虎爪姜的生长周期长,收获后易受潮变质,导致产量和品质下降,给种植户带来经济损失。本研究旨在探讨双牌山区虎爪姜的贮藏条件和方法,以延长其保鲜期和提高其商品价值。本研究采用了建窑贮藏法,并对窑洞的选址和建设进行了优化。结果表明,横窑贮藏法能有效降低虎爪姜的水分含量和呼吸强度,抑制其腐烂和发芽,保持其色泽和风味,延长其保鲜期至6个月以上。建议在双牌山区选用坡度适中、土层厚实、排水良好、通风透光的砂岩建设横窑洞,以保证虎爪姜的贮藏效果。