基于野生动物适宜栖息地的保护区网络规划——以秦岭大熊猫保护区为例

不合理规划是我国目前自然保护区面临问题的主要原因,通过对秦岭大熊猫保护区网络内适宜栖息地的评估,发现秦岭大熊猫保护区网络没有基于适宜栖息地的生物边界进行科学规划,导致各保护区内大熊猫的生存环境质量差异巨大,造成目前秦岭大熊猫保护区网络功能不均衡,影响其效率和保护成效。适宜栖息地是保护区境内具有保护贡献的土地,是体现保护区功能的区域,是保护区及网络规划的核心。基于适宜栖息地的保护区网络规划和优化能提高我国保护区及网络的功能和效率,减少保护的土地成本,能有效缓解保护与发展的矛盾。     

罗氏沼虾消化系统组织学的光镜与扫描电镜观察

本文进行了罗氏沼虾（Macrobrachiumrosenbergii）消化系统的光镜组织学和扫描电镜研究。观察发现，罗氏沼虾的贲门胃内无齿，胃壁背、腹面的一定部位有角质板的特殊结构。中肠很长，占据头胸部的后半部分和腹部的大部分；中肠上皮细胞的游离端和中肠腺小管细胞的游离端均有纹状缘，无角质膜。后肠很短，无纹状缘。消化道上皮细胞有无纹状缘是区分中肠与前、后肠的重要标准之一。     

Multinucleated giant cells with an osteoclast phenotype derived from caprine peripheral blood mononuclear cells

Formation of multinucleated giant cells (MGCs) by macrophage fusion is a typical cytopathic effect of lentiviral replication in caprine monocytes and MGC formation from cultured caprine peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) has been considered to be diagnostic for small ruminant lentivirus (SRLV) infection. In this study, formation of MGCs was observed after 7–14 days when PBMCs were cultured from healthy goats free from SRLV infection. These MGCs expressed tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase, calcitonin receptor, integrin αVβ3, cathepsin K and matrix metalloproteinase 9 and were able to resorb bone in vitro in the absence of RANKL and macrophage colony stimulating factor, consistent with an osteoclast phenotype.     

春季动物园大熊猫粪便可培养真菌鉴定与分析

2011年2—5月,采集云南野生动物园3只亚成年雌性健康大熊猫的昼间新鲜粪便,经稀释、分离、纯化、保存,采用形态学观察、生化试验分析,对粪便可培养微生物进行真菌学鉴定与分析。结果表明,粪样分离得到霉菌和酵母菌2类真菌;霉菌分离鉴定有青霉属、木霉属、曲霉属和链格孢属;酵母菌分离得到红酵母菌属和德克酵母属;酵母菌检出率为83%,优势菌为红酵母菌属,为（531±062）×105个/g;粪样中酵母菌总数在早、中、晚各时段差异不显著（χ2=0933, P=0627＞005）;在个体间也不存在显著差异（H=1409,P=0494＞005）。     

大熊猫主食竹种的研究与进展

回顾了大熊猫主食竹种的研究历史,并着重从主食竹种的分类与分布、生理生化特征、生态生物学特性、营林技术、大熊猫对主食竹种的食用、主食竹种病虫害以及高新技术在竹类研究中的应用等7个方面综述了自20世纪70年代以来的研究成果,最后提出了今后的发展趋势。     

大鲵蛙病毒感染大鲵的动态病理损伤及病原的组织分布

本研究旨在观察大鲵在大鲵蛙病毒(Chinese giant salamander ranavirus,CGSRV)感染过程中组织的动态病理损伤,同时定量检测CGSRV在组织中的动态分布。对大鲵腹腔注射1.0×106.5 TCID50/m L的CGSRV进行人工感染,在感染的0d,3d,5d,7d,9d,13d,16d随机采集3尾,取肝、肾、脾、肺、肠、皮肤、肌肉、脑、心脏和胃等组织,石蜡切片和HE染色对CGSRV感染大鲵的病理损伤过程进行观察,采用SYBR Green q PCR技术对病毒在组织中的动态分布进行定量研究。组织病理结果表明,CGSRV感染导致大鲵多组织器官损伤,其中肝、脾、肾和皮肤肌肉病变严重,为损伤靶器官,且在一些损伤的细胞内见嗜碱性或嗜酸性包涵体。感染后3d肝细胞与肾小管上皮细胞变性,肾间以及肝小叶中央静脉周围淋巴细胞和嗜酸性粒细胞浸润;感染后5~7d实质性器官变性、坏死,炎症加重,胃肠道呈卡他性炎。感染后9d表皮细胞坏死、脱落,肌纤维变性、坏死。感染后13~16d肝出现广泛变性、坏死与炎症,脾淋巴细胞数量显著减少,肾小球渗出性-坏死性炎,皮肤肌肉呈出血性坏死性炎和实质性心肌炎。SYBR Green qPCR结果显示,整个感染进程中各组织CGSRV含量呈上升趋势,不同组织中病毒量为2.36×103~1.84×109 copy/mg组织,其中肺、肠、肝、脾、肾和皮肤肌肉含量高,表明CGSRV具有广泛的组织分布特征,但肝、脾、肾、皮肤肌肉为其复制和损伤的靶器官,且病毒分布量与病理损伤程度呈正相关。     

大鲵引进与地下室人工养殖试验研究

2009年11月山东省成功引进大鲵(Andrias davidianus),开晨了大鲵地下室人工养殖试验.其结果表明:放养1 100尾,平均体重5.43 g、体长8.5 cm,经过2年饲养,平均体重1.146 kg、平均体长50.12 cm,成活率98.7％,总重1 244.6 kg,最大个体为2.3 kg.大鲵在海拔108m地区人工养殖的成功,对野生种群修复、保护及开发将起到积极的重要作用.     

Annual sex hormonal profiles, gonad development and age determination of the Mekong giant catfish (Pangasianodon gigas, Chevey)

Annual sex hormonal profiles, gonad development and age determination of 18 (13–14 kg body weight) and three (145–226 kg body weight) Mekong giant catfish (MGC) (Pangasianodon gigas, Chevey) reared in earthen ponds in Chiang Mai and from the Mekong River in Chiang Rai, Thailand, respectively, were investigated. The hormonal profiles were determined from blood samples of the fish by electrochemiluminescence immunoassay during May to August in 2000. The highest testosterone levels of 0.06 ng mL^?1 in both sexes and the highest oestradiol of 47.8 and 14.23 pg mL^?1 in females and males, respectively, were observed in May. The gonadosomatic index was found to be 0.07 for males and 0.38 for females from ponds in comparison with 2.27 for males and 8.29 for females from the Mekong River. Higher development stages of spermatocytes and oocytes of the cultured fish in May than in February and November were demonstrated. No mature germ cells were obtained from either the males or females, indicating no sexual maturity. The average age of fish was determined from the annual rings of the cross‐section of the pectoral fins by a stereomicroscope. The average age of fish in earthen pond determined from the annual ring was 8 years, which agreed with the actual culture records, while those from the Mekong River were 21 years. This information will be beneficial for the breeding programmes and conservation of the MGC.     

大熊猫铜绿假单胞菌呼吸道感染继发白色念珠菌性肠炎的诊治

报道了1只大熊猫呼吸道感染,继发肠炎的病例。介绍了其病史,血液学变化和临床症状。经过微生物培养和鉴定,确诊呼吸道感染的致病菌为铜绿假单胞菌,继发性肠炎的致病菌为白色念珠菌。根据药物敏感试验结果,选用阿奇霉素和环丙沙星治愈呼吸道感染;选用氟康唑和金双歧,治愈继发性肠炎。并讨论了铜绿假单胞菌和白色念珠菌的发病原因,总结了临床用药的经验。