The Ecological Environment of Chinese Traditional Dwelling_Houses

This paper gives some analyses on the indoor climate and air quality in Chinese traditional quadral yard Buildings.A conclusion has been drawn that the living environment created by quadral yard building is of high quality.This kind of building is of great referential value in building human settlment environment with sustainable developmenlt and can also help to creat a better architectural form fitted in with the natural environment.     

Effect of two wheat genotypes and Swedish environment on falling number, amylase activities, and protein concentration and composition

Variation in falling number, amylase activities, protein concentration and composition were investigated in two wheat cultivars grown in Sweden over two seasons, in four locations, with four N fertilizer rates, with and without fungicide treatment. The results showed that;

晋中市耕地质量空间分异格局与影响因素研究

耕地质量空间分异格局分析对提升耕地保护有效性具有现实意义。以晋中市2794个行政村为研究单元,基于2017年晋中市国家耕地质量评价结果,采用累积分布函数、空间自相关、地理探测器及GIS分组分析等方法,分析晋中市耕地质量空间分异特征及16个因子对其影响及交互作用。研究表明：耕地规模由晋中西部平原地区向东部山区呈“梯度递减”;耕地质量偏向低值集聚,空间正相关性集聚特征显著,其中HH型主要分布在晋中北部及西部,LL型主要分布在东南部及西南部;集聚类型与耕地国家经济等指数分布保持空间一致性。耕地质量空间分异与影响因子密切相关,是多个因子交互作用的结果;从市域看,自然要素的解释力度较强;双因子交互作用驱动力强于单因子,且以非线性增强为主。基于耕地质量空间分异特征,将晋中市分为耕地高质量区、中质量区和低质量区;高质量区的主导因素为有效土层厚度和田块平整度,属自然要素及工程要素驱动型;中质量区的主导因素为有效土层厚度、单位面积农业机械投入量和灌溉保证率,属综合要素驱动型;低质量区的主导因素为地貌、坡度、耕作距离、灌溉保证率和田块平整度,属综合要素驱动型。     

基于SD变化环境下农业水资源供需平衡模拟

为了探讨变化环境对农业水资源供需平衡的影响,运用系统动力学软件Vensim-Dss建立了农业水资源供需平衡的系统动力学模型,综合考虑社会经济发展和气候变化情景,仿真模拟了变化环境下农业供、需水量及缺水量的变化情况.石羊河流域模拟结果表明:未来农业供水量和需水量受气候变化的影响程度不同,但 2033年以后,农业供水量在不同气候变化情景下的变化趋势相同;不同行政区农业水资源系统对气候变化的响应存在明显差异,金昌市A2气候情境缺水率大于B2情景,在2029年、2038年缺水率分别达到32.0%,28.6%, B2情境下,2021年开始出现轻度缺水,中度缺水年仅出现在2023年和2039年,缺水率分别为30.7%,30.5%;武威市A2气候情境下缺水率小于B2情景,仅2038年为中度缺水,缺水率为24.9%,B2气候情景中度缺水年较多,2023年缺水率最大,达到33.2%.研究结果可以对变化环境下区域用水规划和农业发展规划提供指导.     

苦瓜主要经济性状的遗传及其与环境互作效应

 利用加性-显性与环境互作遗传模型, 分析了7个苦瓜亲本及其21个F1代在春、秋两个栽培 季节8个经济性状的数据, 估算了各项遗传方差分量。结果表明, 单株前期产量(单株前产) 、单瓜质量、果实纵径、果实横径、果肉厚和果形指数等6 个性状主要由加性效应控制, 加性方差的比率分别为45.2%、70.7%、89.4%、38.1%、41.2%和22.0% , 均达极显著水平; 单株产量和单株结果数则以加性×环境效应占优势(加性×环境方差的比率分别为24.5%和38.1% ) 。除单株结果数外, 其余性状的普通狭义遗传率和普通广义遗传率均达到极显著水平; 单株结果数的互作狭义和互作广义遗传率最高, 也达到了极显著水平。     

Logging pattern and landscape changes over the last century at the boreal and deciduous forest transition in Eastern Canada

Forestry practices associated with the industrial era (since ~1900) have altered the natural disturbance regimes and greatly impacted the world’s forests. We quantified twentieth century logging patterns and regional scale consequences in three sub-boreal forest landscapes of Eastern Canada (117,000, 49,400 and 92,300 ha), comparing forestry maps depicting age and forest cover types for early industrial (1930) and present-day (2000) conditions. Results were similar for the three landscapes, indicating large-scale forest change during the twentieth century. In 1930, previous logging activities had been concentrated in the lowlands and along the main hydrographical network, as compared to a more even distribution over the landscapes in 2000, reflecting a decreasing influence of the environmental constraints on forest harvesting. In 1930, old-aged forests (>100 years) accounted for more than 75% of the unlogged areas of the three landscapes, as compared to less than 15% for the present-day conditions. Logging practices have thus inverted the stand age distribution of the landscapes that are currently dominated by young and regenerating stands. The 1930 forest cover types showed a clear relationship with elevation, with conifers located in the lowlands and mixed and deciduous stands restricted to the upper slopes. Between 1930 and 2000, 58–64% of the conifer areas transformed to mixed and deciduous forests, such that no clear altitudinal relationships remained in 2000. We conclude that twentieth century logging practices have strongly altered the preindustrial vegetation patterns in our study area, to the point that ecosystem-based management strategies should be developed to restore conifer dominance, altitudinal gradients, as well as the irregular structure inspired from old forest stands.     

天津市园林病虫害无公害防治及生态环境效益分析

研究天津市园林植物病虫害的无公害防治技术,比较分析无公害综合防治技术对保护本市生态环境所发挥的重要作用及所产生的生态环境效益,提出进行园林植物保护的无公害防治的系列技术与措施。此成果的应用推广,进一步推动本市园林病虫害的无公害可持续防治,并为天津市城市生态环境的改善做出重要贡献。     

农业车辆视觉实际导航环境识别与分

分析了对路径识别影响较大的变光照环境、杂草环境和阴影环境对农业车辆导航路径的影响,提出一种实际环境中的农业车辆视觉导航研究方法,即先采用神经网络算法对农田环境进行自动分类,然后再相应的选择不同的路径识别方法进行处理.环境识别与分类试验结果证明,该方法能够提高农业车辆视觉导航系统的实用性和可靠性,导航环境的分类准确率为95%,单幅图像平均耗时23 ms.     

封闭式蛋鸡舍环境控制系统的设计

针对全封闭的蛋鸡舍结构特点和室内环境因子不同于外界环境等问题,设计开发了全封闭蛋鸡舍环境调控系统.该系统以单片机LPC2132为微控器,由上位机和智能监控点构成监控硬件系统,其执行机构由湿帘风机、喷雾等设施组成.该系统根据智能监控点传来的传感器所采集信息数据,通过一定算法分析决策,能够实现鸡舍内的温度、湿度、光照度、二氧化碳、氨气和硫化氢按照设定值自动调控.夏季试验结果表明:在封闭式蛋鸡舍试用的环境调控系统,对蛋鸡舍环境因子中的温度和湿度进行了调控试验,试验期间的蛋鸡的产蛋率比对照组高出约15%,说明设计的蛋鸡舍环境控制系统具有推广价值.     

农业开发项目环境影响因素及评价方法研究

目前,在农业开发项目建设中,要求在取得经济效益的同时更加注重社会效益和生态效益.本文阐述了农业开发项目对生态环境的各种影响因素,在此基础上,总结了传统农业开发项目环境影响评价的方法,提出了基于因子分析法和层次分析法的项目环境影响评价方法,以使农业开发项目的决策更加科学、合理.