基于激光雷达扫描的料仓原料储料量测量方法

为提高仓内原料储料量测量自动化和智能化水平,设计了一种基于二维激光雷达扫描的储料量测量装置与系统。本系统采用RPLIDAR S1型二维激光雷达扫描获取不同储料量物料的原始点云数据,通过坐标变换、重叠点提取、滤波、分割等方法对原始点云进行预处理,采用贪婪投影三角化算法将预处理后的点云进行三维重建,获得仓内原料的三维模型,结合物料三维模型和物料的容重获得仓内原料的储料量,从而实现储料量的自动测量。以玉米为试验对象,测量小型储料塔内玉米储料量并对玉米不同储料量进行扫描测量,验证模型的准确性,结果显示：测量结果的平均绝对误差为8.05 kg,平均相对误差为1.52%。研究结果表明,基于二维激光雷达扫描的储料量测量方法是可行的,具有较好的稳定性和测量精度,能够满足实际生产需求。     

刍议乡村振兴与乡村生活重建间的关系

党的第十九大报告曾提出,实施乡村振兴战略,为新时期乡村建设提供了方向。乡村振兴不 仅包含农村产业振兴,也包括乡村生活的重建。本文对乡村振兴与乡村生活重建进行分析。我国自 古以来就是一个农业大国,所以建设美丽乡村离不开对乡村生活的建设。     

Functional polymorphism among members of abscisic acid receptor family(ZmPYL) in maize

Pyrabactin resistance 1-like proteins(PYLs) are direct receptors of abscisic acid(ABA). For the redundant and polymorphic functions, some members of the PYL family interact with components of other signaling pathways. Here, 253 positive colonies from a maize cDNA library were screened as interacting proteins with the members of ZmPYL family. After sequencing and function annotation, 17 of 28 interaction combinations were verified by yeast two-hybrid(Y2 H). The germination potential, taproot length and proline content of a quartet mutant of Arabidopsis PYL genes were significantly deceased comparing to the wild type(WT) under alkaline stress(pH 8.5) and 100 μmol L–1 methyl jasmonate(MeJA) induction. The malondialdehyde(MDA) content was significantly increased. After germinating in darkness, the characteristics of dark morphogenesis of the quartet mutant seedlings were more obvious than those of the WT. The differential expression of the related genes of photomorphogenesis in the mutant was much more than that in the WT. Three light and two JA responsive cis-affecting elements were identified during the promoter sequences of the AtPYL1 and AtPYL2 genes. These results suggested that functional polymorphism has evolved among the members of ZmPYL family. In response to developmental and environmental stimuli, they not only function as direct ABA receptors but also interact with components of other signaling pathways mediated JA, brassinosteroid(BR), auxin, etc., and even directly regulate downstream stress-related proteins. These signaling pathways can interact at various crosstalk points and different levels of gene expression within a sophisticated network.     

Evaluation of Intestinal Absorption of Dietary Halocynthiaxanthin,a Carotenoid from the Sea Squirt Halocynthia roretzi

Halocynthiaxanthin is an acetylenic carotenoid mainly found in Halocynthia roretzi. To date, several bioactivities of halocynthiaxanthin have been reported, but its mechanism of digestion and absorption in mammals has not been studied yet. In this study, we evaluated the intestinal absorption of halocynthiaxanthin in mice. The halocynthiaxanthin-rich fraction was prepared from the tunicate Halocynthia roretzi. Mice were orally administered the fraction at a dose of 5 mg/kg body weight. The halocynthiaxanthin levels in the plasma, liver, and small intestine, were quantified using HPLC-PDA, 1, 3, 6, and 9 h after ingestion. The halocynthiaxanthin-rich fraction mainly consisted of the all-trans form and a small amount of cis forms. These three isomers were detected in the plasma of mice 3 h after ingestion. Time-course changes after the ingestion of this fraction were found, with cis isomers being more abundant than the all-trans isomer in the mouse plasma and liver. In the small intestine, however, the all-trans isomer was primarily detected. The possibility that cis isomers might be absorbed rapidly from the small intestine cannot be denied, but our results suggest that dietary all-trans-halocynthiaxanthin might be isomerized to the cis isomer after intestinal absorption.     

食用菌菌种监管办法的安全法律责任体系的重构

针对食用菌菌种在管理工作中存在的缺乏知识产权保护意识、品种权受到侵害、产业销售混乱以及标准体系不健全等问题,重构食用菌产业安全法律责任体系。通过构建食用菌菌种企业行业自律体系,增强食用菌企业的菌种安全责任观念,提高企业生产经营食用菌的安全保障性;通过完善责任分配以及公开制度,监督问责,实现政治责任法律化;整合与规范食用菌菌种安全规制机构,加大食用菌菌种安全规制的跨域合作,实现沟通交流无阻碍;通过建立完整的"追溯制度"强化全程监管机制,应对突发事件产生时,快速解决安全问题。     

大红犀猎蝽对草地贪夜蛾3龄幼虫捕食功能反应

为探明天敌昆虫大红犀猎蝽Sycanus falleni对草地贪夜蛾Spodoptera frugiperda幼虫的捕食潜力,在室内条件下测定大红犀猎蝽3龄若虫和成虫对草地贪夜蛾3龄幼虫的捕食功能反应、搜寻效应,以及不同自身密度对捕食草地贪夜蛾的干扰反应。结果表明:大红犀猎蝽3龄若虫和成虫对草地贪夜蛾3龄幼虫的捕食功能反应符合Holling II模型;其中大红犀猎蝽3龄若虫对草地贪夜蛾3龄幼虫的日最大捕食量、瞬时攻击率和处理时间分别为4.049头、1.198和0.247 d;大红犀猎蝽雌成虫对草地贪夜蛾3龄幼虫的日最大捕食量、瞬时攻击率和处理时间分别为47.619头、0.717和0.021 d;大红犀猎蝽雄成虫对草地贪夜蛾3龄幼虫的日最大捕食量、瞬时攻击率和处理时间分别为43.478头、0.650和0.023 d;大红犀猎蝽的捕食量与害虫密度正相关,搜寻效应与害虫密度负相关。大红犀猎蝽自身密度对捕食作用的干扰效应符合Hassell模型,对草地贪夜蛾3龄幼虫的捕食作用率随自身密度的增加而降低。表明大红犀猎蝽3龄若虫和成虫对草地贪夜蛾3龄幼虫均有一定的捕食能力,大红犀猎蝽成虫的捕食作用大于3龄若虫。     

The management type used in plum orchards alters the functional community structure of arthropod predators

Abstract

The management practices in agroecosystems can alter the community structure of pests’ natural enemies, which can consequently disturb their biocontrol function. Here, we investigated how organic or conventional farming influence the community structure of arthropod predators (spiders, coccinelids, anthocorids, ants) in orchards. The three conventional orchards studied were plum tree monocultures where mainly fungicides were applied. The three organic orchards studied were dominated by plum trees with admixture of apple trees and no agrochemical was applied. We found that management significantly affected only spiders that were less abundant in the conventional orchards than in the organic orchards. In addition, the conventional management resulted in reduced species density and altered the community composition of spiders. The conventional management reduced the functional dispersion of spider body size, which may narrow the size-spectrum of pests that could be reduced by spiders. The conventional management also reduced abundances of foliage hunters and space-web spiders. Since these spiders are effective against various insect pests, the conventional management of applying fungicides might result in increased crop damage via increased insect pests.     

Performance and uncertainty analysis of a short-term climate reconstruction based on multi-source data in the Tianshan Mountains region,China

Short-term climate reconstruction, i.e., the reproduction of short-term(several decades) historical climatic time series based on the relationship between observed data and available longer-term reference data in a certain area, can extend the length of climatic time series and offset the shortage of observations. This can be used to assess regional climate change over a much longer time scale. Based on monthly grid climate data from a Coupled Model Inter-comparison Project phase 5(CMIP5) dataset for the period of 1850–2000, the Climatic Research Unit(CRU) dataset for the period of 1901–2000 and the observed data from 53 meteorological stations located in the Tianshan Mountains region(TMR) of China during the period of 1961–2011, we calibrated and validated monthly average temperature(MAT) and monthly accumulated precipitation(MAP) in the TMR using the delta, physical scaling(SP) and artificial neural network(ANN) methods. Performance and uncertainty during the calibration(1971–1999) and verification(1961–1970) periods were assessed and compared using traditional performance indices and a revised set pair analysis(RSPA) method. The calibration and verification processes were subjected to various sources of uncertainty due to the influence of different reconstructed variables, different data sources, and/or different methods used. According to traditional performance indices, both the CRU and CMIP5 datasets resulted in satisfactory calibrated and verified MAT time series at 53 meteorological stations and MAP time series at 20 meteorological stations using the delta and SP methods for the period of 1961–1999. However, the results differed from those obtained by the RSPA method. This showed that the CRU dataset produced a low degree of uncertainty(positive connection degree) during the calibration and verification of MAT using the delta and SP methods compared to the CMIP5 dataset. Overall, the calibrated and verified MAP had a high degree of uncertainty(negative connection degree) regardless of the dataset or reconstruction method used. Therefore, the reconstructed time series of MAT for the period of 1850(or 1901)–1960 based on the CRU and CMIP5 datasets using the delta and SP methods could be used for further study. The results of this study will be useful for short-term(several decades) regional climate reconstruction and longer-term(100 a or more) assessments of regional climate change.     

浑善达克沙地飞播区不同恢复阶段植物群落结构动态变化

为研究浑善达克沙地飞播区不同恢复阶段植物群落结构动态变化,揭示飞播后浑善达克沙地植被恢复的特点和变化规律,于2013—2017年在浑善达克沙地11个飞播区进行了植被调查试验,并从功能型角度出发,结合对应分析、关联度分析以及Mann-Kendall趋势分析等数据分析方法探讨了飞播区植被恢复的阶段性以及各功能型植物在群落中的地位和作用。结果显示:浑善达克沙地飞播区19 a恢复时间共分为3个恢复阶段,且飞播后,伴随恢复时间的推移,乔木、灌木半灌木、多年生杂类草、一/二年生杂类草、多年生豆科牧草、多年生禾草、一/二年生禾草7个功能型植物间的相互依赖程度逐渐减弱;随着恢复年限的增加,群落的稳定性逐渐增大。不同恢复阶段,植被恢复的主导功能型并不唯一,可在不同阶段进行适时管理,从而使植物群落的演替阶段和整体发展趋势更有利于退化沙地的植被恢复与重建。     

干制方法对枇杷叶总酚、黄酮等成分及抗氧化活性的影响

研究不同干制方法对枇杷叶总酚、黄酮等成分和抗氧化活性的影响,给生产实践提供技术依据和理论参考,以成熟枇杷叶作为试验材料,采用热风烘干（35℃、50℃、65℃、80℃）、自然晒干和阴干方式进行干制处理,用70%乙醇超声浸提,测定其黄酮、总酚、多糖含量及抗氧化活性。结果表明,不同干制条件下枇杷叶总酚、黄酮、多糖含量及抗氧化活性存在差异,其中阴干条件下所测成分含量及抗氧化活性最高,热风烘干条件下随着温度的升高,试验所测成分含量及抗氧化活性呈下降趋势。阴干可以较大程度地保留枇杷叶总酚、黄酮等成分及其抗氧化活性。在以干燥枇杷叶为原料,以总酚、黄酮等成分和抗氧化性为主的生产利用方面,应以阴干方法进行干制处理。