一类种群动力系统的稳定性

通过对所研究的系统作非奇异变换，构造具体的稳定泛函，并建立这类泛函微分方程系统的稳定性的判别定理。     

Genome-wide detection of signatures of selection in three Valdostana cattle populations

The Valdostana is a local dual purpose cattle breed developed in Italy. Three populations are recognized within this breed, based on coat colour, production level, morphology and temperament: Valdostana Red Pied (VPR), Valdostana Black Pied (VPN) and Valdostana Chestnut (VCA). Here, we investigated putative genomic regions under selection among these three populations using the Bovine 50K SNP array by combining three different statistical methods based either on allele frequencies (F_ST) or extended haplotype homozygosity (iHS and Rsb). In total, 8, 5 and 8 chromosomes harbouring 13, 13 and 16 genomic regions potentially under selection were identified by at least two approaches in VPR, VPN and VCA, respectively. Most of these candidate regions were population-specific but we found one common genomic region spanning 2.38 Mb on BTA06 which either overlaps or is located close to runs of homozygosity islands detected in the three populations. This region included inter alia two well-known genes: KDR, a well-established coat colour gene, and CLOCK, which plays a central role in positive regulation of inflammatory response and in the regulation of the mammalian circadian rhythm. The other candidate regions identified harboured genes associated mainly with milk and meat traits as well as genes involved in immune response/inflammation or associated with behavioural traits. This last category of genes was mainly identified in VCA, which is selected for fighting ability. Overall, our results provide, for the first time, a glimpse into regions of the genome targeted by selection in Valdostana cattle. Finally, this study illustrates the relevance of using multiple complementary approaches to identify genomic regions putatively under selection in livestock.     

武夷山常绿阔叶林中优势种群种间竞争的研究

采用“相邻格子的取样方法”，在武夷山黄岗地区对不同年龄阶段的常绿阔叶林群落进行了调查．以主要优势种群木荷（Ｓｃｈｉｍａｓｕｐｅｒｂａ）、甜槠（Ｃａｓｔａｎｏｐｓｉｓｅｙｒｅｉ）和青冈（Ｃｙｃｌｏｂａｌａｎｏｐｓｉｓｇｌａｕｃａ）在不同年龄阶段群落中的相对优势度作为生态位重叠的计量，以优势植物种群在正常成熟林中优势度作为其容纳量，并用Ｌｏｔｋａ－Ｖｏｌｔｅｒａ竞争方程讨论了群落中优势种群木荷、甜槠和青冈的竞争，结果表明：平衡时，它们的相对优势度分别为３３．２４％、３８．３７％、２８．３９％．即该地区常绿阔叶林群落将由木荷、甜槠和青冈三种植物共优组成     

ISSR Analysis on Genetic Diversity of the 34 Populations of Oryza meyeriana Distributing in Yunnan Province,China

The genetic diversity of the 34 populations of wild rice Oryza meyeriana Baill.distributed in Yunnan Province,China was analyzed using 13 inter-simple sequence repeat(ISSR)markers.A total of 168 bands were amplified,of which 135 polymorphic bands were discovered and the percentage of polymorphic bands(PPB)was 80.36%.A genetic diversity was revealed as Nei's gene diversity(H)=0.2666 and Shannon information index(η)=0.4028 at population level.The 34 populations were divided into different groups based on administrative regions,latitude and longitudes,river areas,altitudes of their origins,and their indexes such as Na(number of alleles),Ne(effective number of alleles),H,I and PPB were calculated.Richer genetic diversity was found in the wild rice populations distributed in Simao Prefecture than that in Lingcang Prefecture or Xishuangbanna Prefecture whereas the least genetic diversity was in Baoshan Prefecture or Dehong Prefecture.Rich genetic diversity was also discovered in the wild rice populations originated from higher than 710 m altitude around the middle and lower reaches of the Lancang River belonging to the Pacific Ocean drainage system.The 34 populations could be classified into two groups,one group covered the wild rice distributing in Simao Prefecture only while the other group covered ones in Lingcang,Xishuangbanna and Oehong Prefectures.The issue on how to effectively conserve the wild rice germplasm was discussed.     

Value of permanent grassland habitats as reservoirs of Festuca pratensis Huds. and Lolium multiflorum Lam. populations for breeding and conservation

European natural and semi-natural grassland form reservoirs of genetic resources containing highly adapted and variable ecotype populations of forage plants. Variation within these reservoirs is stimulated by variation in natural and anthropogenic site-related factors. Changes in agricultural practices lead to the loss of many characteristic habitats. In order to preserve resources for breeding, targeted conservation strategies for germplasm in gene banks (ex-situ) or on site (in-situ) are needed. In order to define site-related criteria for the potential of habitats to preserve valuable resources for breeding and conservation, 38 different habitats across Switzerland were selected to collect Festuca pratensis Huds. and Lolium multiflorum Lam. ecotype populations. Phenotypic variation and population differentiation of 60 single plants were evaluated in a field experiment using 16 morpho-physiological traits. For F. pratensis, ecotype populations and cultivars were clearly separated and there was a significant correlation between diversity of morphological traits and geographic location of sampling sites. For L. multiflorum no clear separation of ecotype populations and cultivars was observed suggesting gene flow from adjacent temporary leys into permanent grassland. Several ecotype populations were superior to cultivars in important traits such as early heading or resistance to winter damage, indicating the importance of natural habitats as a reservoir of genetic resources for breeding. In conclusion, maintenance of permanent grassland in contrasting environments appears to be a promising strategy for preserving valuable genetic variation of forage grasses. Electronic supplementary material  The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.     

Genetic variation in F<Subscript>2</Subscript> populations and their potential in the improvement of grain yield in tef (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Eragrostis tef</Emphasis>)

Tef is a staple cereal of Ethiopia in high demand by consumers. In order to cope up with this high consumer demand, productivity per unit of land must increase through the development and use of high-yielding varieties. To this effect, the National Tef Research Project has long been striving towards the development of high yielding varieties through direct selection from germplasm and concentrating favourable alleles through hybridization and selection, despite the tedious crossing technique. The objective of this study was to assess the degree of genetic variation in F₂ populations of tef as a basis for improving grain yield. F₂ populations from 12 crosses and their parents were grown at the Debre Zeit Agricultural Research Center, Ethiopia, and assessment was made on eight traits on individual plant basis. Eleven of the 12 crosses showed substantial genetic variation for grain yield and its components, indicating the potential for improvement through selection. Moreover, grain yield, plant weight and yield related traits showed moderate to high heritability values (17–80%). In all the crosses, tiller number, panicle weight, yield per panicle and panicle length showed significant (P ≤ 0.05) and positive association with grain yield. Considering the degree of genetic variation and heritability values, emphasis should be given to selected crosses in an effort to developing high-yielding tef varieties.     

Breeding value of soft spring wheat with a high potential of dough physical properties

The prospects of hybrid soft spring wheat populations with respect to productivity and gluten content and quality obtained from crossing varieties of different quality is shown.     

几种苜蓿属植物植株热值研究

用氧弹式自动测热仪测定苜蓿不同种群植物体的热值。结果表明,引自北疆的野生苜蓿蕴藏着重要的抗性和光能累积资源,其叶片狭窄、叶重/总株丛重比值低、茎重占总株丛重的比值高、生长习性值低(斜生性强)。引自气温较高,湿度较大地区的苜蓿,其热值低于干燥寒冷地区。中性和近中性土壤有利于苜蓿热值积累和光能累积。     

寡聚糖、抗生素、益生素对仔猪生长性能和肠道菌群影响的研究

选择 12窝仔猪 ,随机分为 6组 ,每组 2窝 ,从 7日龄开始进行为期 8周的饲养试验 ,在4周末断奶 ,研究了基础日粮中添加寡聚糖、益生素、金霉素以及寡聚糖取代部分抗生素对仔猪生长性能和肠道菌群的影响。结果表明 ,与对照组相比 ,寡聚糖或其与金霉素配伍 ( 2 5mg及 12 .50mg· kg-1饲粮 )使用 ,使仔猪在 0～ 4周日增重分别提高 16.81% ( P>0 .0 5)、 15.91 ( P>0 .0 5)、 15.32 ( P>0 .0 5) ;腹泻率分别降低 7.83 ( P<0 .0 1)、 8.68 ( P<0 .0 1)、 8.35( P<0 .0 1)。在 5～ 8周 ,使仔猪日增重分别提高 9.55 ( P>0 .0 5)、 4 8.84 ( P<0 .0 5)、 38.74( P<0 .0 5) ;料肉比分别降低 0 .2 1( P<0 .0 5)、 0 .4 1( P<0 .0 1)、 0 .4 6( P<0 .0 1) ;腹泻率分别降低 12 .78 ( P<0 .0 1)、 2 2 .2 3 ( P<0 .0 1)、 2 0 .88 ( P<0 .0 1)。 0 .15益生素使 0～ 4周的仔猪腹泻率降低 4 .82 ( P<0 .0 5) ,在 5～ 8周使料肉比降低 0 .17( P<0 .0 5) ,腹泻率降低 4 .90( P<0 .0 5)。金霉素 ( 50 mg· kg-1饲粮 )组在 5～ 8周腹泻率降低 5.16% ( P<0 .0 5)。抗生素、益生素在 0～ 4及 5～ 8周对日增重的影响不大 ( P>0 .0 5)。 2 1日龄和 4 9日龄取新鲜粪样测定结果表明 :寡聚糖或寡聚糖与     

北部湾4个自然群体双线紫蛤形态差异与判别分析

采用3种多元分析方法,对北部湾4个海区双线紫蛤的7个形态性状进行比较研究。聚类分析和主成分分析结果表明,广西钦州和广西北海群体形态最为接近,广西湛江与广东廉江群体形态比较接近,广西北海和广东廉江群体的趋异程度最大。主成分分析表明3个主成分的贡献率为:主成分1为38.395%,主成分2为27.653%,主成分3为20.224%,累积贡献率为86.272%。判别分析结果表明,4个群体间形态差异显著(P<0.01),建立的判别函数的判别准确率P1和P2均为73.30%~90.00%,综合判别率为79.18%。相关分析发现,双线紫蛤群体间的欧氏距离与地理距离之间有一定相关性,相关系数r=0.669 9。