花铃期叶施不同浓度尿素对棉株氮素吸收分配及生理生化特性的影响

为明确花铃期棉花叶面喷施尿素的适宜浓度,以中棉所79号为材料,采用随机区组试验,设0.00(CK)、0.01、0.02、0.03、0.04 kg·L-15个浓度的15N-尿素处理,于花铃期进行叶面喷施,并利用15N同位素示踪技术,研究叶施尿素对棉株氮素分配规律及生理生化特性的影响。结果表明,喷施15N-尿素各处理棉株根、茎、叶、花铃中15N含量变化趋势相同,均随着喷施浓度的增加而升高;15N含量在棉株各部位的分配规律基本相同,即根7.5%~8.5%、茎12.6%~13.4%、叶45.5%~47.5%、花31.9%~32.7%。根据拟合的回归方程确定花铃期棉花叶面喷施尿素的适宜浓度为0.0324kg·L-1(6.78kg·hm-2)。此外,花铃期叶面施氮可以增强硝酸还原酶、谷氨酰胺合成酶活性,增加叶面积,形成合理的群体叶面积系数,提高叶绿素含量,促进光合作用,从而促进棉株的生长发育,提高棉花产量。本研究为棉花专用叶面肥的研制提供了理论数据。     

不同杀菌剂对马铃薯晚疫病的防治效果

通过田间试验调查,研究了7种化学药剂对马铃薯植株和薯块晚疫病的防治效果。结果表明:7种药剂对马铃薯晚疫病均可达到显著防治效果。防治效果最好的4种药剂为25%瑞凡、50%福帅得、0.5%苦参碱和30%甲霜.嘧菌酯,防治效果均达到80%以上;其次为45%三苯乙酸锡和68.75%银法利,防治效果达到70%以上;较差为52.5%抑快净,防治效果达到65%。建议在生产上交替使用,避免产生抗药性。     

Leaf mineral nutrition and tree vigor of ‘Subirana’ flat peach cultivar grafted on different Prunus rootstocks in a warm Mediterranean area

Abstract

Recent trends in peach orchards have focused on intensification and high density plantings using different Prunus rootstock species with different vigor traits. This investigation aims to study the physiological behavior of different Prunus rootstocks in order to identify the most suitable rootstock under warm Mediterranean conditions. Field agronomic performance and foliar nutrient content of the flat peach cultivar ‘Subirana’ grafted on ten different Prunus rootstocks were studied on calcareous soil typical of the Mediterranean area. Ten rootstocks: ‘ADAGAF 04-03’, ‘AGAF 0301-04’, ‘Garnem’, ‘Krymsk^® 1’, ‘Krymsk^® 86’, ‘PAC 847’, ‘PADAC 04-01’, ‘PADAC 150’, ‘PM 105 AD’, and ‘Rootpac^® 70’, were considered. Vegetative growth, chlorophyll SPAD index, leaf mineral status and deviation from the optimum percentage (DOP) index were determined. Leaf chlorophyll content varied depending on the rootstock. ‘PADAC 04-01’ and ‘ADAGAF 04-03’ showed higher chlorophyll index. The lowest SPAD values were observed for the most dwarfing rootstock ‘Krymsk^® 1’, which showed visual chlorosis symptoms, and lower leaf mineral contents compared to the other rootstocks. Peach trees on Prunus rootstocks showed differences in leaf macronutrient and micronutrient content. ‘Rootpac^® 70’, ‘ADAGAF 04-03’ and ‘PADAC 04-01’ had better adaptation under warm Tunisian conditions but high ΣDOP index. The most invigorating ‘Garnem’ had the highest imbalanced nutritional status, but continues to perform well under warm conditions. Interesting results were obtained with ‘Rootpac^® 70’ showing one of the best balanced nutritional values (average ΣDOP index). However, the most dwarfing rootstock ‘Krymsk^® 1’ presented the worst adaptation to the studied warm Mediterranean conditions.     

Fertilization strategies on cultivars of globe artichoke: Effects on yield and quality performance

This paper refers on the yields and productive aspects of mineral and foliar nutrition of globe artichoke plants (cv. ‘Opal’ and ‘Madrigal’). Marketable yields were investigated in response to different nitrogen rates and foliar applications of biostimulating products. Field experiments were conducted over two seasons on an alluvial salty-clay soil in sub-humid climate conditions. Analyzed traits differed between years because of the age of plants while the lowest nitrogen rate and foliar spraying of biostimulants influenced significantly head weight, dry matter, and Soil Plant Analysis Division (SPAD) index. Biostimulants induced longer cultural cycle and heads lighter in weight. Cultivar ‘Madrigal’ was most productive than ‘Opal’, both in number (26.28% higher) and in weight (28.51%) of total heads. The two-year investigation showed that the synergic action was effective in improving some of the investigated productive traits of globe artichoke.     

基于遥感数据的冬小麦农情监测研究进展

对国内基于遥感数据冬小麦农情监测技术的研究与应用进行了全面的回顾,对冬小麦长势、产量、品质和灾害预测预报方面的研究进展作了较系统的调查及研究,分析了遥感技术在小麦农情监测方面取得的成效。提出了冬小麦冠层光谱指数和遥感信息与冠层生化参量之间的关系是实现小麦农情监测的关键,对利用遥感技术进行小麦生长发育监测进行了展望。     

NORMS FOR MULTIVARIATE DIAGNOSIS OF NUTRIENT IMBALANCE IN THE EAST AFRICAN HIGHLAND BANANAS (MUSA SPP. AAA)

Despite low yields and soil fertility problems, fertilizer use in the East African Highland banana (AAA-EA) production is absent. High fertilizer costs increase the need for site-specific fertilizer recommendations that address deficiencies. This study aimed to derive and compare norms for AAA-EA bananas, using Compositional Nutrient Diagnosis (CND), Diagnosis and Recommendation Integrated System (DRIS), and a DRIS that includes a filling value (DRIS-R_d), and study nutrient interactions. Data on foliar nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, and magnesium concentrations, and plant performance were obtained from 300 plots in Uganda. CND indices were closely related to DRIS and DRIS-Rd indices (R² > 0.965). Four nutrient interactions were common in both low and high bunch weight subpopulations. Although the three approaches can be used to determine nutrient imbalances in AAA-EA bananas, we recommend CND for ease of use. Diagnosis of nutrient deficiencies should be based on methods that identify plant nutritional imbalances.     

EFFECT OF FOLIAR SPRAY OF SOLUBLE SILICIC ACID ON GROWTH AND YIELD PARAMETERS OF WETLAND RICE IN HILLY AND COASTAL ZONE SOILS OF KARNATAKA,SOUTH INDIA

Field experiments were conducted to evaluate the effect of foliar spray of soluble silicic acid on growth and yield parameters of wetland rice. The results revealed a significant effect on achieving higher grain and straw yield with foliar silicic acid over control. Foliar spray of silicic acid at 2 and 4 ml L^?1 increased the grain and straw yield and application of 8 ml L^?1 decreased the yield. Foliar spray of silicic acid at 4 ml L^?1 along with half dose of recommended pesticide effectively increased the yields over all other treatments. The content and uptake of silicon in grain and straw was recorded higher with the foliar spray of silicic acid over control. This investigation concludes that application of silicic acid at 4 ml L^?1 along with half dose of recommended pesticide as foliar spray increased the grain and straw yield, besides Si content and its uptake over control.     

新型抗蒸腾叶面肥对刺槐水分利用效率的影响

采用盆栽法安排试验,在充分供水的条件下,用不同叶面肥对刺槐进行处理,使用LI-6200便携式光合仪、美制LI-1600稳态气孔计分别测定刺槐苗木叶片净光合速率(Pn)、蒸腾速率(Tr)等水分生理指标及其相应的环境因子,结果表明:①不同叶面肥处理下,刺槐的净光合速率、蒸腾速率日变化都呈"双峰"曲线,而且,净光合速率日变化曲线存在光合午休现象。刺槐的水分利用效率在8:00左右最大,14:00点达到一天中的最低水平。②方差分析表明:3号叶面肥处理过的刺槐水分利用效率最大,清水对照的刺槐水分利用效率最小。     

5种杀菌剂对3种水生生物的急性毒性与安全性评价

为评价吡唑醚菌酯、啶酰菌胺、嘧菌酯、戊唑醇和丙环唑5种杀菌剂对水生态的安全性,运用评价化学品对水生生物毒性的标准试验方法,测定了这5种杀菌剂对羊角月芽藻、大型溞和斑马鱼3种水生生物的急性毒性,并进行了安全性评价.结果表明,吡唑醚菌酯对大型溞48 h的EC50为0.0230 mg/L(a.i.),对斑马鱼96 h的LC50为0.0311 mg/L,均为剧毒;对羊角月芽藻72 h的EC50为0.451 mg/L,为中毒.啶酰菌胺对大型溞48 h的EC50为9.26mg/L,对斑马鱼96 h的LC50为2.90 mg/L,均为中毒;对羊角月芽藻72 h的EC50为13.1 mg/L,为低毒.嘧菌酯对羊角月芽藻72 h的EC50为0.165 mg/L,对大型溞48 h的EC50为0.221 mg/L,对斑马鱼96 h的LC50为0.817 mg/L,均为高毒.戊唑醇和丙环唑对羊角月芽藻72 h的EC50分别为1.95、0.772 mg/L,对大型溞48 h的EC50分别为4.83、3.88 mg/L,对斑马鱼96 h的LC50分别为4.66、2.47 mg/L,均为中毒.     

9种中药材对5种植物病原真菌抑菌作用的研究

采用9种中药材的乙醇提取液(用药浓度为1000μg/mL),对油菜菌核病菌、小麦赤霉病菌、小麦纹枯病菌、苹果轮纹病菌、番茄灰霉病菌进行了抑菌试验,结果发现,9种中药材乙醇提取物对5种植物病原菌均表现出不同程度的抑制作用。其中穿心莲抑菌作用范围最广,对5种植物病原菌抑菌率均超过50%。尤其是对苹果轮纹病菌抑菌作用最强,抑菌率达到了96.96%,效果最好。远志对油菜菌核病菌抑菌率达82.37%,对苹果轮纹病菌达66.55%,抑菌效果明显。甘草也有较好的抑菌效果。对穿心莲、远志、甘草作植物源杀菌剂值得进一步研究。