小麦赤霉病防治研究进展

综述了小麦赤霉病防治研究的国内外发展概况、发展趋势,阐明了小麦赤霉病的发生特点、状况以及综合治理现状,分析在小麦赤霉病防治中存在的问题,并提出了治理策略,明确了针对小麦赤霉病防治的具体措施及未来展望。     

Establishment of Agrobacterium tumefaciens-Mediated Transformation System for Rice Sheath Blight Pathogen Rhizoctonia solani AG-1IA

To construct the T-DNA insertional mutagenesis transformation system for rice sheath blight pathogen Rhizoctonia solani AG-1 IA,the virulent isolate GD118 of this pathogen was selected as an initial isolate for transformation.The conditions for transformation of isolate GD118 were optimized in five aspects,i.e.pre-induction time,co-culture time,acetosyringone(AS) concentration at the co-culture phase,co-culture temperature and pH value of induction solid medium(ISM) at the co-culture phase.Finally,a system ...     

茉莉白绢病菌的生物学特性研究

对茉莉白绢病病菌齐整小核菌(S clerotium rolf sii Sacc.)的生物学特性进行了研究。结果表明,28℃、pH 5.0~6.0、蔗糖作为碳源、硝酸钾作为氮源及黑暗等条件适合菌丝的生长;28~34℃、pH 4.0~6.0、光照、相对湿度100%加水等条件适合菌核萌发。     

山东省玉米生产品种和部分自交系对纹枯病抗性鉴定

连续两年对山东省72份玉米生产品种和30份自交系材料在田间进行纹枯病抗性鉴定,采用被病原菌侵染的高粱粒作为接种物,在玉米拔节中后期接种,按照国家玉米区域试验抗性鉴定标准进行病害分级评定和抗性评价。在102份材料中抗性级别为高抗、抗、中抗、感、高感的比例分别为1.96%、20.59%、24.51%、33.33%、19.61%,生产品种‘登海3号’和‘聊玉22号’对纹枯病表现高抗。     

两步扩增法在玉米抗大斑病相关基因片段分离中的应用

对一步扩增法和两步扩增法在DDRT-PCR中的扩增效率进行了比较,结果发现,两种方法得到的片段大小都在150~1500 bp之间,但条带数量和清晰度不同。一步扩增法得到的扩增条带为30~45 条,条带较模糊,两步扩增法得到的扩增条带为40~60条,条带清晰。一步扩增法获得102 条玉米抗大斑病差异表达条带,只有55条带中的cDNA能够成功回收并产生有效扩增,差异条带回收率为53 9%,而两步扩增法获得了148条差异条带,其中138条带都能得到有效回收和扩增,回收率达93 2%。因此,两步扩增法更有利于差异条带的回收和二次扩增。     

车前草穗枯病研究Ⅱ.病原菌生物学特性

对车前草穗枯病菌菌丝生长条件和人工诱导产孢进行系列试验,结果表明菌丝生长适宜温度15～30℃,最适25℃;适宜pH值4.01～7.02,最适4.98;不同碳源对菌丝生长有一定影响,以蔗糖最佳;光照对菌丝生长影响不大。产孢试验表明,PDA及其他各种培养基上不能产生子座、分生孢子器和分生孢子,采用光暗交替、变温处理、紫外线照射和菌丝切割等多种方法也不能产生,而用灭菌的车前草叶片和穗轴接种培养,便可获得成功产孢,但产生的子座比自然病株上的明显偏大,分生孢子器及分生孢子则差异不明显。     

Diversity of Avr‐vnt1 and AvrSmira1 effector genes in Polish and Norwegian populations of Phytophthora infestans

The oomycete Phytophthora infestans, the cause of late blight, is one of the most important potato pathogens. During infection, it secretes effector proteins that manipulate host cell function, thus contributing to pathogenicity. This study examines sequence differentiation of two P. infestans effectors from 91 isolates collected in Poland and Norway and five reference isolates. A gene encoding the Avr‐vnt1 effector, recognized by the potato Rpi‐phu1 resistance gene product, is conserved. In contrast, the second effector, AvrSmira1 recognized by Rpi‐Smira1, is highly diverse. Both effectors contain positively selected amino acids. A majority of the polymorphisms and all selected sites are located in the effector C‐terminal region, which is responsible for their function inside host cells. Hence it is concluded that they are associated with a response to diversified target protein or recognition avoidance. Diversification of the AvrSmira1 effector sequences, which existed prior to the large‐scale cultivation of plants containing the Rpi‐Smira1 gene, may reduce the predicted durability of resistance provided by this gene. Although no isolates virulent to plants with the Rpi‐phu1 gene were found, the corresponding Avr‐vnt1 effector has undergone selection, providing evidence for an ongoing ‘arms race’ between the host and pathogen. Both genes remain valuable components for resistance gene pyramiding.     

新农抗诺沃霉素对水稻纹枯病和稻曲病的田间防效

以井冈霉素、苯甲·丙环唑、戊唑醇不同剂型产品为对照,研究了新的农用抗生素抗诺沃霉素对水稻纹枯病和稻曲病的田间防效。结果表明,5%诺沃霉素WP 1 500~3 000 g/hm~2对水稻纹枯病的防效达81.6%~85.8%,对水稻稻曲病的防效达到39.0%~41.4%,与对照相比增产10.5%~11.8%。     

西瓜蔓枯病研究 Ⅰ.症状及病原

本文详细报道了西瓜蔓枯病的症状和病原菌的形态特点,并鉴定其有性阶段为Mycosphaerellamelonis(Pass)Chiu et Walker,无性阶段为Ascochyta-cucumis Fautr et Roum.此外,还在其他瓜类作物上作了病原菌的致病性试验.     

转cryAb基因克螟稻对水稻白叶枯病和纹枯病的抗性评价

转cryAb基因克螟稻对水稻白叶枯病、纹枯病的抗病性在田间进行了人工接种鉴定,根据亲本材料秀水11及2个转基因材料克螟稻1号(KMD1)和克螟稻2号(KMD2)的发病情况,初步明确两个转基因材料的抗病性与亲本存在显著的差异,对白叶枯病的抗性比亲本材料有所上升,但对纹枯病的抗性则不如亲本秀水11。