农产品生产价格波动与农地利用的关系——以甘肃省为例

农产品生产价格波动与农村耕地利用关系密切,事关中国粮食安全和农业可持续发展问题。以甘肃省为例,通过实地调查和统计数据分析,对主要农产品生产价格波动对农地利用影响的状况进行实证研究,从而为政府相关部门针对影响的不同状况采取相应的对策和政策措施提供参考。     

Use of GIS to predict effects of water level on the spawning area for smelt, Retropinna retropinna, in Lake Taupo, New Zealand

A GIS model of the littoral bathymetry and substrate composition of Lake Taupo was created using ArcInfo. Littoral substrates were mapped by aerial photography and confirmed by ground-truthing. Water depths were determined by echosounding linked to a differential GPS. These data were imported into ArcInfo where a 3D GIS model was used to calculate the total area of smelt, Retropinna retropinna Richardson, spawning habitat (i.e. clean sand between depths of 0.5–2.5 m) at each of five lake levels. There was little change in area over the first 50 cm below the natural maximum lake level, but spawning habitat decreased rapidly over the next 1.4 m such that a 30% reduction occurred at the natural minimum level. Anecdotal information on inter-annual variations in lake level and smelt abundance supported the notion that high lake levels in spring result in high recruitment of smelt. The GIS model also predicted effects of lake level change on areas of macrophyte cover and on other littoral substrates, and could be used to assess effects of lake level changes on the habitats of other biota.     

华山松孢锈病研究概述

该文对华山松疱锈病的分布与危害、发病规律、发病机制、防治措施等的研究现状、研究进展等做了综述性介绍。     

昌潍白猪内分泌腺的生长发育规律

系统研究了1～8月龄昌潍白猪(192头)内分泌腺的性状指标,并由此得出了其内分泌腺的生长发育规律及其与体重变化的回归方程.结果表明,肾上腺在1～3、5～6月龄生长速度最快(P＜0.01);甲状腺在1～8月龄有2个生长高峰期,即4月龄和6月龄;胸腺的生长高峰期集中于3～4月龄(P＜0.01),颈部胸腺在1～3月龄生长速度显著快于胸部胸腺,胸部胸腺左侧生长发育明显快于右侧;脑垂体在2～6月龄生长速度较快.肾上腺、甲状腺、胸腺、脑垂体随体重变化的回归方程分别是y=0.019 9x+0.801 6(r=0.975 9,P＜0.01);y=0.163 4x+1.286 8(r=0.976 1,P＜0.01);y=1.760 8x+26.995 0(r=0.946 2,P＜0.01);y=0.002 4x+0.062 0(r=0.908 3,P＜0.01).     

丝棉木金星尺蛾的发生及防治

丝棉木金星尺蛾 Abraxas susp ecta Warren在砖石瓦块下的土中越冬 ,主要危害大叶黄杨 Eu-onymus japonicus L.。文章记述了该虫主要形态特征、发生规律及防治方法     

吉林杨(山地1号)选育的研究

吉林杨是适宜高寒山地、低山丘陵及平原区栽培的杨树良种。在吉林省东部山区进行的多点区域栽培试验表明，10a生试验林，胸径平均生长15－18cm，超过大青杨42％；树高平均生长12－14m，超过大青杨48％；公顷立木蓄积187－262m^3，超过大青杨159％。在平原区16a生试验林，胸径生长达49cm，树高22.5m，公顷立木蓄积394m^3，生长量明显超过山地条件下的表现，更显速生性。吉林杨是目前北方抗寒性最强、惟一在山区气候条件下试验成功的品种，在－41℃条件下可安全越冬，基本没有病、虫危害。树冠较窄，冠幅仅为大青杨的70％，适宜密植。树皮较薄，木材材质优良，边材、心材均为白色，无“红心”现象，纤维长度超过大青杨9％。     

Oxidative stress-activated JNK-MAPK signaling pathway is involved in fluctuant high glucose-induced injury of hepatocytes

AIM: To explore the mechanisms of fluctuant high blood glucose-induced apoptosis of hepatocytes. METHODS: SD rats were randomly divided into normal control group (N), stable high blood glucose group (S), fluctuant high blood glucose group (F) and insulin group (I). Diabetic rats were induced by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (65 mg/kg), and the fluctuant high blood glucose animal model was induced by intraperitoneal injection of ordinary insulin and glucose at different time points every day. The blood glucose fluctuation patterns of the animals in F group within 12 weeks were similar every day and no significant difference of the HbA1c concentration was observed compared with S group, indicating that the fluctuant hyperglycemia was successfully established in F group. The activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), and the content of malondialdehyde (MDA) and nitric oxide (NO) in the homogenate of the liver tissues were detected by colorimetry. The mRNA and protein levels of JNK, p-JNK, Bax and Bcl-2 were examined by RT-PCR and Western blot. RESULTS: After 12 weeks, the increases in the intakes of food and water, the urine output, and the abnormal liver function were observed in S group, I group and F group. Compared with N group, the MDA level was increased, the content of NO and the activity of SOD and GSH-Px were decreased, and up-regulation of JNK mRNA and p-JNK and Bax proteins, and down-regulation of Bcl-2 were also found in S group, I group and F group. The above effects were more obviously showed in F group. CONCLUSION: Oxidative stress activates JNK-MAPK signaling pathway, which is involved in fluctuant high glucose-induced apoptosis of hepatocytes.     

冶河流域径流减少的驱动因素分析

分析了1970—2000年滹沱河的重要支流——冶河流域径流减少的主要驱动因子气候和地表覆被的变化趋势及其对流域径流的影响。结果表明，30年来，流域降水量减少，流域内的年平均气温上升并达到显著水平。流域1995年有林地和高覆盖草地所占面积同20世纪80年代相比大幅减少，林地和草地的质量有所下降，到了2000年有所回升；流域内农田的有效灌溉面积逐年增加。同时流域的径流量发生了明显变化：年均流量自1966年以来不断减小，尤其是80年代以后下降趋势更明显。以致上游长年有水河流部分河段出现了不同程度的断流。     

Impact of land-use changes and sedimentation on the Muhammad Nur Reservoir, South Kalimantan, Indonesia

The Muhammad Nur Reservoir (MNR) is a major multipurpose reservoir located on the Riam Kanan River in the Indonesian Province of South Kalimantan. The MNR has a high sediment trap efficiency and there is concern that accelerated erosion in the catchment, resulting from inappropriate land use, poses a significant threat to the storage capacity and effective life span of the reservoir. Furthermore, on-going deforestation of large parts of the catchment may have changed the inflow pattern to the reservoir. This paper uses data from fieldwork and published information from different sources to examine the extent of erosion and sedimentation in the catchment and the sediment delivery to the reservoir. Water level variations in the reservoir over a 22-year period are examined for changes that might indicate an alteration of the hydrologic balance in the catchment.     

陕西地区马陆的发生规律及防治技术

通过对陕西地区马陆的形态特征及生物学特性进行概述,分析其危害特点和发生规律,从农业防治、人工防治、化学防治三方面给出综合防治的措施和建议.