Review on the roles and effects of growing media on plant performance in green roofs in world climates

Growing media (substrate) is a fundamental part of a green roof, providing water, nutrients and support to plants. However, little research has reviewed how it affects plant performances in different climatic regions. This study aims to analyse published research on green roof growing medium across world’s climate zones. Findings are structured according to Köppen–Geiger climate classification, aiming to investigate the prevalence of research conducted in different climate zones. Results from full-scale studies and laboratory or greenhouse experiments were reviewed. The later were included as they provide systematic knowledge on the effect of individual factors on system performances although cannot provide climate specific information. Studies discussed effects of major substrate components and depths on plant survival and establishment using standard test procedures. Results showed that most research in the subject were in temperate (group C climate classification), continental (group D) and dry climates (group B), respectively. Considerable number of investigations was conducted in controlled laboratory or greenhouse environments. Based on the results, future green roof research and guidelines should consider climate specifications of the region in designing growing medium, depths and attribute of green roof substrates in order to ensure enhanced plant performance. Especially, for more fragile but less investigated dry climate, considerations should be made to tackle heat fluctuations and drought stress by enhancing water holding capacity and thermal isolation of the substrate. To move forward, sustainable building solutions as a part of future urban forms, climate-adaptive green roof systems should be included into future research, practice and guidelines.     

割草机器人工作原理及试验研究—基于GPS/DR组合导航系统

随着国民经济不断发展,我国人民生活水平不断提升,多种人工作业逐渐被机器所取代。GPS/DR组合导航系统能够有效提升割草机器人定位精度,克服传统割草机器人固有弊端,提高工作效率。为此,对GPS/DR组合导航系统原理展开了分析,进行了GPS/DR组合导航系统割草机器人研究,并进行了相关试验研究,验证了GPS/DR组合导航系统割草机器人相对于传统割草机器人的优势。     

Genomewide association study reveals novel quantitative trait loci associated with resistance towards Septoria tritici blotch in North European winter wheat

Fungal diseases are a major constraint for wheat production. Effective disease resistance is essential for ensuring a high production quality and yield. One of the most severe fungal diseases of wheat is Septoria tritici blotch (STB), which influences wheat production across the world. In this study, genomewide association mapping was used to identify new chromosomal regions on the wheat genome conferring effective resistance towards STB. A winter wheat population of 164 North European varieties and breeding lines was genotyped with 15K single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) wheat array. The varieties were evaluated for STB in field trials at three locations in Denmark and across 3 years. The association analysis revealed four quantitative trait loci, on chromosomes 1B, 2A, 5D and 7A, highly associated with STB resistance. By comparing varieties containing several quantitative trait loci (QTL) with varieties containing none of the found QTL, a significant difference was found in the mean disease score. This indicates that an effective resistance can be obtained by pyramiding several QTL.     

储料竖向压力对粮仓中小麦粮堆湿热传递的影响

粮仓中存在压力场、温度场和湿度场等多物理场,为了得出各物理因子共同影响下的粮堆内湿热传递规律,该研究利用自行研制的粮堆多场耦合试验装置,针对仓内小麦粮堆单元体,研究在高温边界38.5℃、低温边界5.2℃,初始粮温25.8℃,竖向压力分别为50、100、150 kPa条件下小麦粮堆湿热传递情况。试验结果表明:竖向压力增加,粮堆孔隙率减小,热量通过粮食籽粒间传导增加,传递速率加快,竖向压力从50 kPa增大至150 k Pa,粮温较入仓时下降约0.5~1.3℃,温度梯度变化率达8.7%,不同压力下粮堆高温区面积随储藏时间呈幂函数减小。粮堆内湿空气在边界处累积至峰值时会有部分湿空气向粮堆内迁移。粮堆中部与靠近低温边界温差大于6.3℃时,粮堆内湿空气扩散加快,粮堆中部平均相对湿度下降速率随竖向压力增加而加快。研究结果可为散装粮堆多场耦合研究提供理论支持。     

中外高校图书馆对比研究

以国外大学图书馆的先进管理理念和经验为参照,比较了中外高校图书馆在服务意识、服务对象、服务方式、馆员素质等方面的差异,找出差距,取别人之长,补自己之短,以期中国大学图书馆办得更好,为教学科研服务.     

冻土区埋地输油管道温度场数值模拟研究

冻土区埋地管道遇到的最常见问题是冻害破坏.研究埋地输油管道发生冻害及采取科学有效的方法防止冻害,首先应预测埋地输油管道周围冻土冻融过程中温度场的变化,以及温度场与水分场的变化关系.叙述了国内外学者在冻土温度场与水分场耦合作用这一问题的研究成果和埋地输油管道周围温度场的研究成果,提出了数值模拟埋地输油管道周围冻土温度场的几点建议.     

福建省大雾分区客观预报方法研究

通过统计福建省大雾天气的气候特征以及成雾的气象要素特征,总结出成雾的气象要素指标。基于福建省中尺度数值预报模式产品,利用完全预报（PPI）方法,建立由降水、相对湿度、风向、风速、逆温等因子的预报概率方程,对大雾分区进行了客观预报。     

丹麦、英国“畜牧支持服务体系和加工业考察”启示

通过对丹麦、英国畜牧业生产的考察,初步了解了这些国家畜牧业发展的特点及欧盟共同体的有关农业政策,特别是在畜牧支持服务体系的建设、畜产品加工、农业合作社服务体系、农产品的质量安全等方面有许多做法和经验值得借鉴。通过考察,认为我国在畜产品的生产、加工,畜牧业生产方式的转变,畜牧合作经济组织方面,建设和完善畜牧业科学技术推广体系方面,完善畜牧业补贴政策和保护政策等方面,还有许多工作要做、要完善,这样才能加快我国现代畜牧业发展。     

广东省南昆山观光木种群结构及分布格局

在广东省南昆山观光木天然次生林中设置了5个1 600 m2的样地,调查了观光木种群所在群落的物种组成及观光木种群的龄级结构和空间分布格局.结果表明:观光木种群所在群落具有较高的物种多样性,以樟科、山茶科、壳斗科植物为优势科;观光木种群以Ⅱ级幼苗为主,缺乏Ⅲ级苗,中龄树及成年母株少,是一个衰退种群;其分布格局呈随机分布或弱聚集分布.由于人为干扰活动较频繁,观光木自然种群处于濒危状态.建议采取积极的保育措施,加强对南昆山观光木资源及其生境的保护.     

基于功能系统分析的现代农业园区规划方法研究

立足于我国现代农业园区的发展现状,提出我国农业园区基本功能包括生态功能、生产功能、游憩功能和生产服务功能,在此基础上提出了具有中国特色的农业园区发展建设规划的逻辑构架。农业园区发展建设规划的具体内容包括前期研究、发展策略、空间规划和实施策略等4个方面。上述规划方法在新疆昌吉国家农业科技园区现代农业示范区发展建设规划中的应用取得了良好的社会、经济和生态效益。