Floristic attributes of small cardamom (Elettaria cardamomum (L.) Maton) growing areas in the Western Ghats of peninsular India

A field study was conducted in the Western Ghats of peninsular India to test the following two hypotheses: (1) lower floristic diversity for the cardamom hill reserves (CHR —a traditional agroforestry system of the tropics) compared to undisturbed evergreen forests and (2) a truncated vegetation structure for shade trees in the cardamom areas. The experimental sites involved three CHRs and an evergreen forest site.The CHRs, regardless of their locations, were characterized by lower floristic diversity and density than the evergreen forest site. The undisturbed forest site at Ayyappancoil registered the highest floristic richness and diversity (Simpson's floristic diversity index, D=0.93), followed by the well-managed CHR site, suggesting that managerial interventions may have a strong bearing on the floristic diversity of CHRs. The current suite of species in the CHRs included both heliophilic as well as shade-tolerant components. However, dominant tree species, their density and relative abundance exhibited marked variations among the CHR sites, albeit about one-third of the species were common at all sites.Stand physiognomy was characterized by the dominance of a single layer of trees in the CHRs, while the wet evergreen forest exhibited a multilayered canopy structure. Some of the lower height classes were poorly represented in the cardamom areas, whereas the evergreen forests depicted an inverse J shaped height distribution pattern. Implicit in the truncated stand structure of the CHR is the poor regeneration status, due to systematic removal of the lower size classes.     

机敏漏斗蛛生物学特性观察研究

机敏漏斗蛛（Aqelena difficilis）,在山东省日照市沿海地区1年发生1代,以不同的若蛛在林下杂草、枯枝落叶丛、石块下越冬。翌年4月上旬出蛰活动,若蛛经8龄,6月下旬发育至成蛛,7月上旬开始交配,8月上旬开始产卵,孵化若蛛,10月下旬开始越冬。卵期10.4天,成蛛期69天。雌雄比4：1,是多种害虫的重要天敌。该蛛发生与海拔、农药、天敌、风雨等外界因子关系密切。封山育林,严禁放牧、烧荒,禁用化学农药,是保护成若蛛、扩大繁殖的关键。     

福建省林业检查站现状与改进对策

通过对福建省99个林业检查站工作现状的调查,作者认为:1)林业检查站在有效地维护木材、野生动植物的正常运输,有效地打击违法运输,有效防止和制止有害生物传播等方面发挥了巨大的作用;2)林业检查站主要面临着工作条件艰苦,人员少任务重,执法环境差等问题;3)存在问题的主要原因是管理体制不顺,各级政府及主管部门对林业检查站的作用认识不足,相关部门协调沟通不够;4)建议今后要有效整合执法力量、理顺管理体制,加大资金投入力度,协调道路运输各相关部门配合工作。     

我国灌溉林业发展前景初探

对灌溉林业的概念进行了定义,分析了灌溉林业取得的成效,通过对灌溉林业发展前景和存在的主要问题进行探讨与分析,提出了发展灌溉林业的5项相应对策。     

油茶愈伤组织和芽诱导培养条件的筛选

为了筛选出较为适宜的油茶愈伤组织和芽诱导的培养条件,以优良无性系岑软2号和岑软3号鲜嫩带芽的茎段为试验材料,初步研究了不同外植体消毒方式、培养基蔗糖和琼脂含量、试验用水、培养基类型、采样时间及是否光照培养等不同的培养条件对油茶愈伤组织和芽的诱导的影响。研究结果表明:7月份所采外植体的愈伤组织和芽的诱导率高于其它月份;以MS为基本培养基、采用蒸馏水配制培养基、蔗糖质量浓度为30g/L、琼脂质量分数0.51%为最佳油茶愈伤组织和芽诱导培养基;以0.1%HgCl2对外植体处理6min的消毒效果最好;接种后直接进行光照培养效果较好。     

New work study methods help to decide processing technique in logging

The great variation in technical properties between and within trees indicate that the efficiency of logging would be enhanced if the processing technique is adapted to the varying quality of different trees and stem sections. To evaluate the suggested differentiation in processing technique, time studies must be performed that define exact time consumption for short stem sections. This paper exemplifies how videogrammetry and computer aided recording and processing of data can be used for detailed time studies. Recordings made in the field were later run for actual time studies indoors, using a digital watch recorded on the tape. The trees cut for the study were measured in detail, as well as the resulting logs. By registering detailed tree data, an important source of variation could be controlled and sample size kept reasonably low. The method proved to function well, especially for determining very short work elements.     

Isolation and characterization of microsatellites in Bambusa arundinacea and cross species amplification in other bamboos

Isolation and characterization of microsatellites was analysed in Bambusa arundinacea and cross species amplification studied in other bamboos. Microsatellites, tandem repeats of short nucleotide (1–6 bp) sequences, are the DNA marker of choice because of their highly polymorphic, ubiquitous distribution within the genome, ease of genotyping through Polymerase chain reaction, selectively neutral, co‐dominant and multiallelic nature. Six microsatellites, three polymorphic and three monomorphic have been characterized for the first time in a bamboo species, Bambusa arundinacea belonging to the family Poaceae. The numbers of alleles per locus ranged from 2 to 13. Cross species amplification was tested in 18 other bamboo species. Monomorphic simple sequence repeats (SSRs) were found to be cross amplified in most of the species tested and polymorphic ones in only three to four species. The utility of SSR loci in a genetic diversity study of B. arundinacea and other cross‐amplified bamboo species has been discussed. This study will help in population genetic studies in bamboo species.     

公共财政支持农产品加工业发展的理论研究

我国农产品加工业的整体实力还比较薄弱,质量还有待提升,带动作用还应进一步增强,这些问题的解决不能光靠农产品加工业本身,还需要国家财政的扶持。从公共财政、财政支农、农产品加工业的产业特点等方面探讨了公共财政扶持农产品加工业的理论依据,并提出了相关的政策建议与措施。     

普通小麦主要农艺性状的全基因组关联分析

为解析小麦复杂农艺性状的遗传机制,本研究以150份小麦品种(系)为自然群体,在4个环境条件下测定了9个主要农艺性状,利用小麦35K SNP芯片,结合5种关联模型(Q、PCA、K、PCA+K、Q+K),进行全基因组关联分析。结果表明,全基因组多态性信息量PIC的范围为0.0950～0.5000,最小等位基因频率MAF值为0.0500～0.5000;群体结构分析和PCA分析均表明参试材料可分为两个亚群;连锁不平衡分析发现A基因组、B基因组、D基因组和全基因组的LD衰减距离分别为4.7、8、11和6 Mb。9个性状共检测到652个显著的关联位点(P≤0.001),其中21个SNP在2个或2个以上的环境中被重复检测到,分布在1A(1)、1B(4)、2A(3)、2D(2)、3A(1)、5A(1)、5B(5)、6A(1)、6B(2)和7D(3)染色体上; 1个SNP标记的物理位置未知, 3个SNP标记同时与2个性状显著关联;单个SNP的表型贡献率为7.67%～18.79%。8个优势等位变异在供试群体中所占比例较低,筛选出14个可能与小麦农艺性状相关的候选基因,其中TraesCS5B02G237200、TraesCS7D02G129700和TraesCS1B02G426300可能在植物抵御生物与非生物胁迫中起作用,TraesCS5B02G010800和TraesCS7D02G436800可能与植物激素的合成和响应有关,TraesCS2A02G092200可能与植物细胞壁的增强有关, TraesCS5A02G438800可能参与叶绿体发育,另外7个候选基因的功能未知。     

Parametric Study and Design of the Ultimate Strength of Tube gusset Plate Connections

The tube gusset plate connections are widely used in electric transmission towers. However, there is little technical information regarding the behavior of tube gusset plate connections. Thus, a analytical parametric study was conducted to investigate the behavior of tube gusset plate connections. The analytical results were compared with the existing experimental results. It was found that the finite element analysis results were in good agreement with the experimental results. In the parametric study, the effects of geometry, chord load and stiffener on the ultimate strength were considered. Based on the analytical results, a design method for predicting the ultimate strength of tube gusset connections was proposed, and its applicability was verified.