新型肥料微量元素螯合肥的研究与应用进展

新型肥料因具有成本低、经济效益高,符合“高效环保、低碳节能”的现代农业发展需求等优点,近年来市场发展迅猛,其中螯合剂越来越多被应用于新型肥料生产。为此,从我国肥料应用现状出发,结合对不同类型微量元素的分类及对比,将螯合剂从来源方面分为合成法螯合剂、天然法螯合剂、生物化学法螯合剂和其他法螯合剂,并对其在肥料中的应用现状进行了综合分析;最终得出了螯合肥料的选择要通过高通量检测技术结合应用环境进行选择,走“有机无机相结合—速效持效相互补—螯合态部分替代”的综合路线,微量元素之间应该“速效型—持效型—螯合态型”相互配合才是微量元素肥料持续发展的最佳选择等结论。     

氮磷追肥配施对云南松幼苗根系生长的影响

云南松是我国西南地区主要的造林树种,在区域经济发展和生态环境建设中发挥着重要作用。但目前云南松苗期生长缓慢,这使得云南松经济效益与生态效益的发挥受到了阻碍。氮磷添加是目前农林业促成培育中一种常见技术手段,通过对云南松苗木在不同氮、磷施肥处理下其生长状况的研究,以期为云南松苗木培育提供依据。本次试验以90d生的云南松幼苗为试验材料,对其进行氮磷根部追肥配施试验,比较不同氮磷浓度水平下云南松幼苗根系生长的变化规律。研究表明,氮磷配施后,随着氮磷用量的增加,云南松幼苗根冠比降低。地下部分的生长优势降低,地上部分的生长优势升高,且氮元素对于地上部分的增长作用强于磷元素。     

腐殖酸水溶肥配施枯草芽孢杆菌对基质青菜生长的影响

为探究腐殖酸水溶肥、枯草芽孢杆菌对基质青菜生长的影响 本研究以抗热605青菜为试验材料,共设计6组施肥试验,分别为CK1(有机肥2.5g/盆)、CK2(有机肥2.5g/盆+枯草芽孢杆菌0.5g/盆)、T1(有机肥2.5g/盆+枯草芽孢杆菌0.5g/盆+腐殖酸水溶肥100倍液)、T2(有机肥2.5g/盆+枯草芽孢杆菌0.5g/盆+腐殖酸水溶肥200倍液)、T3(有机肥2.5g/盆+枯草芽孢杆菌0.5g/盆+腐殖酸水溶肥400倍液)、T4(有机肥2.5g/盆+枯草芽孢杆菌0.5g/盆+腐殖酸水溶肥800倍液),研究结过表明:腐殖酸水溶肥配施枯草芽孢杆菌可在一定程度上增加基质青菜的株高、叶宽、叶长、冠幅及地上鲜重,其中腐殖酸水溶肥起主导作用,枯草芽孢杆菌作用较为微弱,综合各生长指标考量以T2处理效果最佳。     

不同叶面肥对柑橘果实品质及产量的影响

探明不同种类叶面肥对柑橘果实品质及产量的影响,为柑橘提质增效提供理论依据。以柑橘品种“宫川”为试材,设置喷施清水（CK）、磷酸二氢钾（T1）、奇茵（T2）及欧甘（T3）4个处理,比较分析各处理对柑橘果实品质及产量的影响。结果表明,不同水溶肥对果实的单果重、纵径、横径及净重差异不显著。喷施叶面肥后,T1、T2、T3的可溶性固形物含量和可滴定酸含量比CK有所增加,但差异不显著。T2的可溶性固形物含量和可滴定酸含量最高,分别为9.39%、0.75%,显著高于CK,可溶性固形物含量比CK提高了14.93%,可滴定酸含量比CK提高了19.05%。T2、T3、T1处理的单株挂果数分别比CK高31.59%、16.28%、4.46%;T2、T3、T1处理的每公顷产量分别比CK高12.96%、6.57%、3.00%。结论：喷施叶面肥能提高柑橘果实品质和产量,T2的综合效果更好。     

不同品种玉米施用液体配方肥产量差异分析

为深入探究不同品种玉米产量的差异,本试验以MC670、农华101、农华5号和农华106为试验材料,对其产量及产量构成因素进行分析。结果表明:农华5号表现最好,亩穗数最多出苗率最高,分别为5188个和98.5 %,较其他均增加1.3 % ~ 2.67 %;籽粒含水量最低,为24.33 %,较其他减少1.14 % ~ 3.07 %;穗籽粒干重为199 g,较其他增加3.1 % ~ 12.6 %;穗粒数为563粒,较农华101增加9.7 %;百粒重为35.3 g,较其他增加2.4 % ~ 17.4 %;亩产量最高,为1031.5 kg,较其他增加5.8 % ~ 14.6 %。因此,农华5号可作为高产品种在当地推广种植。     

酵素叶面肥对碧螺春品质与矿质元素含量的影响

本试验探讨3种酵素叶面肥对碧螺春茶叶品质与矿质元素含量的影响。结果表明,春季喷施酵素叶面肥有助于提升碧螺春茶叶品质,以提升效果最明显的叶面肥为例,与喷施清水处理相比,喷施叶面肥后碧螺春鲜叶水浸出物含量、游离氨基酸总量和茶多酚含量分别提升13.70%、12.29%和12.84%;碧螺春茶叶上述指标分别提升11.24%、12.74%和11.61%。此外,喷施酵素叶面肥有降低碧螺春茶叶酚氨比的趋势。与喷施清水处理相比,喷施酵素叶面肥最高可降低茶叶酚氨比0.97%。另外,喷施酵素叶面肥能够降低碧螺春鲜叶重金属元素含量,提升有益人体的铁、锌和硒元素含量。主成分分析结果表明,喷施第3种酵素叶面肥的碧螺春鲜叶综合得分最高,建议推广第3种酵素叶面肥,达到茶园逐步替代化肥的目的。     

长效有机肥与烟草专用肥配施对烟草产量和品质的影响

化肥在提高农业单位面积产量的同时造成了一定的环境污染,长效有机肥的可以在一定程度上解决化肥所造成的环境压力,同时可以提高农业作物的产量和品质。本研究采用长效有机肥与烟草专用肥配施,探究不同肥料配施比例对烟草产量和品质的影响。结果表明,腐殖酸肥与烟草专用肥配合施用,能够增强烟株对气候斑病和赤星病等病害的抗病性,提高烟叶的均价、上等烟比例和上中等烟比例,促进烟叶总植物碱、氧化钾等含量的增加,降低还原糖等含量,化学成分更协调,外观质量和感官质量等有所提高,减少用工量和肥料投入,降低总投入,提高产投比,但同时表现出从移栽到团颗期的生长发育较缓慢。     

Long-term study of partial arytenoidectomy with primary mucosal closure in 76 Thoroughbred racehorses (1992-2006)

REASON FOR PERFORMING STUDY: The effectiveness and best method to perform a partial arytenoidectomy in racehorses is unclear. This study was performed to evaluate the success of and complications that can occur after a unilateral partial arytenoidectomy with primary mucosal closure in Thoroughbred racehorses. HYPOTHESIS: Partial arytenoidectomy is an effective surgical procedure to return Thoroughbred racehorses, afflicted by arytenoid chondropathy or a failed laryngoplasty, to preoperative levels of performance. METHODS: Seventy-six Thoroughbred racehorses admitted to the New Bolton Centre between 1992 and 2006 were assessed. Information was obtained from the medical records about the horse, laryngeal abnormalities, surgery and other findings during hospitalisation. Racing information was evaluated relative to those independent variables by an analysis of variance with a level of significance of P<0.05. RESULTS: Arytenoid chondropathy was the presenting complaint in 54 horses and failed laryngoplasty in 22 horses. Thirteen horses (17%) underwent a second surgery for laser excision of intralaryngeal granulation tissue at the arytenoidectomy site. Seventy-three horses were discharged from the hospital and racing outcome was evaluated. Sixty horses (82%) raced after surgery and 46 horses (63%) raced 5 or more times after surgery. The median time from surgery to the first start was 6 months. The average earnings/start was not significantly different before and after surgery. There was no association between earnings after surgery and age, gender, location of lesion, type of lesion, duration of tracheal intubation or undergoing a second surgery. CONCLUSIONS AND POTENTIAL RELEVANCE: A Thoroughbred racehorse is likely to race after a unilateral partial arytenoidectomy with primary mucosal closure and return to a preoperative level of performance.     

The Magnesium Status of Some Fiji Soils

Abstract

Magnesium (Mg) is an essential macronutrient element for all living organisms, but literature reports of Mg deficiency in agriculture and forestry appear regularly. In many tropical areas, Mg is added to soils by using dolomitic limestone and as minor additions through impurities in some fertilizers. Minimal information is available on the Mg status of Fiji soils, and deficiencies have been observed in some crops. This study investigated the Mg status of a range of Fiji soils and found that major agricultural soils of Fiji contain variable amounts of Mg, both in the total concentrations and in the different forms of the element present. The variations can be related to the soil parent materials, degree of weathering, clay content, and mineralogy. Low plant‐available Mg concentrations are present in many of the highly weathered soils with limited reserves present. Development of intensive agriculture should consider Mg when developing fertilizer programs.     

山西省冬小麦生产潜力时空分布与气象因子分析

估算一定区域内作物生产潜力,对于明确该区域作物生产力及其限制因子具有重要意义。采用农业生态区域法和生产潜力递减机制法估算山西省冬小麦生产潜力,并解析其与主要气象因子的关系。结果表明,2004-2013年山西省冬小麦平均光合、光温、气候和土地生产潜力分别介于63.63~74.81、10.86~12.97、3.68~5.65和2.71~4.73t/hm ²。山西冬小麦生产潜力分布特征为南部普遍低于中部地区,中部盆地地区普遍低于东西部高海拔地区。与2004-2008年相比,2009-2013年晋中西部地区和吕梁冬小麦光合和光温生产潜力有所增加,而晋中东部和长治东部的冬小麦气候和土地生产潜力有所降低。限制冬小麦气候和土地生产潜力的主要气象因子是生育期降水量和日平均温度。