两系不育系制种安全性和繁殖结实率试验报告

试验证明:通过技术处理的两系不育系能够实现双向彻底转育,既防止自交结实,保证制种安全.又能够完全自交结实,保证繁殖产量和纯度.     

三种造林模式对北京北部人工水源涵养林地土壤肥力的影响研究

为了认识不同造林模式对人工水源涵养林土壤肥力的影响作用,2010年8月在北京市密云县太师屯镇人工水源涵养林试验示范区内,选择了2008年植造的油松＋五角枫＋紫穗槐（Ⅰ）、油松＋橡栎＋五角枫（Ⅱ）和山桃＋板栗（Ⅲ）3种模式营造的人工林地,设置相对应的3块标准样地1,2,3。对标准地内土壤养分含量进行了描述性统计分析,对土壤肥力进行了综合评价。结果表明：有机质含量为油松＋橡栎＋五角枫〉油松＋五角枫＋紫穗槐〉山桃＋板栗,标准地3的有机质含量为11.3g/kg,比标准地1,2分别低54.3%和54%;全效氮与全效钾含量为：油松＋五角枫＋紫穗槐〉油松＋橡栎＋五角枫〉山桃＋板栗,全氮、全钾含量分别为1.63,1.34,0.80g/kg和2.65,2.32,1.71g/kg。速效钾分别为48.45,96.65,37.75mg/kg。针阔混交林植物种类丰富,郁闭度大,枯落物积累数量多,对水源涵养林土壤肥力改善较为明显。     

黄土高原油松刺槐人工林对土壤肥力影响的研究

研究了黄土高原油松、刺槐人工林对土壤的培肥效应，结果表明：油松、刺槐人工林能显著提高土壤肥力水平，降低土壤ＰＨ，１８龄油松１．２ｍ＾２及３３龄刺槐１．６ｍ＾２根区土壤断面的有机质，全氮、有效氮、有效钾、ＣＥＣ均值无林对照分别提高５７．８％、６８．６％、１０９．３％、２８．９％、５４．５％及７４．３％，１２３．６％、２８５．３％、４２．４％、６３．７％，ｐＨ降低１４．４％及２．９％，油松，刺槐林对土     

Two successful embryo transfers of mini-donkey embryos in Brazilian Northeastern jennies using an alternative method: Case report

Pregnancy rates after embryo transfer (ET) are disappointing in donkey species. This study aims to report two successful ET of mini-donkey embryos using Brazilian Northeastern jennies as recipients. Eighteen embryo flushes were performed 9 days post-ovulation in two non-pregnant mini-donkeys jennies (11 and 7 cycles per jenny). Eleven embryos (61%, 11/18) were collected and transferred to Brazilian Northeastern jennies 4–6 days post-ovulation by conventional (n = 6) or an alternative (n = 5) technique. The alternative method consisted of inserting a Polansky equine vaginal speculum smeared with lubricant in the vagina of the recipient jenny. The arms of the speculum were extended to allow the visualization of the cervix. Then, using an adapted crafted, elongated, toothed tissue grasping forceps, the external cervical os was held, and the cervix was gently pulled backward, aiming to straight the cervical canal. The ET gun was inserted through the vagina and cervix by visual inspection, and the embryo was released into the uterine lumen. All embryos collected were Grade 1 and classified as Expanded Blastocysts. No jennies become pregnant after conventional ET (0/6), whereas two recipient jennies (40%, 2/5) become pregnant and delivered offspring in the following year after ET using the alternative technique. In conclusion, Brazilian Northeastern jennies can be used as embryo recipients using the alternative method proposed in the present study. However, further investigations are needed to improve the knowledge and results of ET in donkey species.     

毛竹纯林长期经营对林地土壤肥力的影响

对竹木混交林和改为毛竹纯林处于不同经营时期的林地土壤肥力变化进行了调查分析。研究结果表明，竹木混交林土壤的自然肥力均高于相近地段上相同立地条件的毛竹纯林。毛竹纯林随经营的期延长，其土壤的自然肥力呈下降趋势，这是毛竹纯林的生长特性和经营方式决定的。     

土壤基础肥力对水稻产量的影响及施肥指标体系确立

为了确立宁夏平罗县水稻施肥指标体系,以指导当地水稻优质高效生产。试验设置无肥区和常规施肥区两个处理,采用多点无重复设置,把土壤基础肥力对水稻产量的影响进行深化分析研究。结果表明：土壤基础肥力对水稻产量的贡献率与水稻土壤基础产量成正比,回归方程式X/Y=0.1366+0.00007322X,R₂=0.8509_**。由此得出结论：水稻的目标产量可确立为11800 kg hm _-2,此时,氮和磷的施肥指标值：纯N为371.2 kg hm_-2,纯P₂O₅为154.0kg hm _-2。     

集约化种植砖红壤养分变化分析

调查分析位于广东省湛江农垦属下华海公司、南华农场、红星农场、丰收公司、广前公司、五一农场、湖光农场和友好农场等8个单位1 918个土样的养分状况,与第二次土壤普查比较,对比集约化种植后砖红壤肥力变化。结果发现：pH呈下降趋势,即有土壤酸化特征;土壤有机质含量总体呈现较高水平,但也呈现下降趋势;土壤全氮总体仍处于中等偏上水平;土壤有效磷含量明显提高,总体处于良好水平;土壤速效钾含量有很大程度增加,但仍处于中等水平。     

饼粕类堆肥的生产及在烟草生产中的应用综述

饼肥是一类优良的有机肥料,含有大量的营养元素和活性物质.饼肥可以为作物提供生长发育必需营养元素,同时其所含小分子有机物质还能改善作物的品质,对饼肥资源及其发酵过程的影响因素和物质变化进行了综述,总结了饼肥应用对提升土壤肥力的作用和对烤烟生长发育的影响,并展望了饼粕资源肥料化利用的前景.     

Agronomic Performance of F1 Hybrids of Rice (Oryza sativa L.) in Japonica-Indica Crosses

Summary

Generally F₁ hybrids from crosses between japonica and indica rice show variable degrees of sterility. Previous studies revealed that among the indica rice, the Aus type has sexual affinity with japonica cultivars giving higher fertility in F₁ hybrids. Therefore, we made an effort to obtain higher grain yield by producing F₁ hybrids between japonica and Aus-type indica. A field experiment was conducted to investigate the heterosis in these F₁ hybrids for dry matter accumulation, spikelet fertility, yield and yield attributes, to find cross combinations with higher grain yield, and examined the relationships of grain yield with some agronomic characters. F₁ hybrids flowered earlier than their parent cultivars. Heterosis for dry matter accumulation was positive at the panicle initiation stage, at heading and at maturity. The average heterosis for number of panicles, grain and straw yield per plant, number of spikelets per panicle and 1000-grain weight was positive. A few F₁ hybrids showed positive heterosis for number of filled grains per panicle, spikelet fertility and harvest index; but the average heterosis for these traits was negative. Among the yield components, a higher number of panicles per plant and higher number of spikelet per panicle contributed to higher grain yield in F₁ hybrids. A significant and positive relationship existed between spikelet fertility and grain yield per plant. The higher grain yield was attributed to higher dry matter production rather than higher harvest index in F₁ hybrids, although low spikelet fertility limited yield potential in some F₁ hybrids.     

攀枝花市成龄芒果园土壤肥力评价

为明确攀枝花市成龄芒果园土壤养分状况,科学指导施肥,本研究对43个芒果园土壤（0~40 cm）进行采样,测定分析了土壤pH、有机质、速效养分和微量养分的含量。结果表明：研究区内13种肥力指标变异系数在0.13~0.75之间,均属于中等变异强度。经取样数合理性统计分析,评价芒果园土壤肥力的43个样本数能够满足90%置信水平下20%相对误差的精度需求。采用主成分分析法和隶属度函数法结合雷达图评价单因素肥力指标在土壤中的状况,结果表明,pH、碱解氮、速效磷、有效铁和有效锌是影响土壤肥力水平的限制性因子。研究区土壤肥力综合指数（IFI）范围为0.25~0.93,平均值为0.55,果园之间IFI的差异较大。