发酵棉粕对肉鸡生长性能、血清生化指标及免疫功能的影响

试验旨在研究发酵棉粕(FCM)替代豆粕(SBM)对AA肉仔鸡生长性能、血清生化及免疫功能的影响,并确定发酵棉粕在AA肉鸡日粮中的最适添加量。试验选择480羽1日龄AA肉鸡(44.40±1.11)g,随机分成4组,每组6个重复,以玉米豆粕基础日粮为对照组,分别用5%、10%和15%的发酵棉粕替代豆粕。结果表明:与对照组相比,添加发酵棉粕对肉鸡平均日增重(ADG)、采食量(ADFI)和饲料增重比(F/G)无显著影响;21日龄时,添加5%FCM显著提高了肉鸡的血液IgG和IgM含量及法氏囊指数(P<0.05),添加15%FCM显著降低了血清中尿素氮(UN)含量(P<0.05),此外,3个FCM处理均能提高胸腺指数(P<0.05),但对脾脏指数无影响;42日龄时,5%和10%FCM组显著降低了血清中的UN含量(P<0.05),15%FCM还提高了胸腺和法氏囊指数(P<0.05)。试验通过主成分分析,在试验范围内建立了评价FCM综合效果的参数Z,并得到1~21日龄和22~42日龄阶段,FCM的适宜添加量分别为5%和15%。     

浅析发酵乳霉菌零星污染来源及控制方法

霉菌在自然环境中普遍存在,而且以孢子形态随空气、水等媒介进行扩散.对食品原辅料及生产环境均可造成污染,是造成发酵乳变质的主要原因.发酵乳作为保质期较短且需冷链储运、销售的产品,零星的霉菌污染不会引起食品安全问题,但由于部分销售终端及三四线市场冷链运输缺失,造成霉菌生长,发酵乳呈现明显霉斑,导致消费者体验差,给企业品牌造...     

Effects of forage ensiling and ration fermentation on total mixed ration pH,ruminal fermentation and performance of growing Holstein‐Zebu cross steers

Our objective was to determine the effect of forage ensiling and ration fermentation on total mixed ration pH, ruminal fermentation and animal performance. Thirty Holstein‐Zebu cross steers were allotted to feeding treatments for 188 days in a randomized complete block design including: fresh grass‐total mixed ration (GTMR; pH 4.7), grass silage‐TMR (STMR; pH 4.0) and fermented‐TMR (FTMR; pH 3.5). Average daily gain for STMR was greatest during the first 3 months period; however, that for FTMR tended to be greater than GTMR during the second 3 months period (P < 0.10). During the second period dry matter intake for STMR was the greatest (P < 0.01), but feed conversion ratio (P < 0.01) and cost per gain (P < 0.01) were the least for FTMR. Protein digestibility tended (P < 0.10) to be greater for FTMR than STMR and fat digestibility was greater (P < 0.05) for GTMR and FTMR than STMR. FTMR had less (P < 0.01) ruminal NH₃‐N content than STMR. Total volatile fatty acids post‐feeding was greatest for GTMR (P < 0.01). Ruminal proportions of acetic and butyric acids were greater for FTMR than GTMR (P < 0.05); in contrast, propionic acid was greater for GTMR (P < 0.05). Utilizing silage or total ration fermentation did not negatively impact on ruminal pH. STMR and FTMRs can be used to maintain performance of growing crossbred Holstein steers.     

饲料中添加不同水平的发酵豆渣对育肥猪生长性能、屠宰性能及经济效益指标的影响

为研究饲料中添加不同水平的发酵豆渣对育肥猪生长性能、屠宰性能及经济效益指标的影响,采用单因素随机设计试验,选择体重相近的健康育肥猪80头随机分成4组,每组20个重复,每个重复1头,1组饲喂基础日粮为对照组,试验2、3、4组分别在基础日粮中添加5％、10％、15％发酵豆渣,预试验7 d,试验期56 d.结果表明:(1)试...     

发酵脐橙粕对番鸭肠道形态结构、肠黏膜免疫功能和微生物多样性的影响

【目的】通过研究发酵脐橙粕对番鸭肠道形态结构、肠黏膜免疫功能和微生物多样性的影响,探究发酵脐橙粕用于番鸭节粮养殖的可行性。【方法】选取健康、体重为(267.33±9.50)g的180只16日龄番鸭,随机分成2组(每组公母各半),每组6个重复,每个重复15只,对照组饲喂基础饲粮,试验组饲喂含有100 g/kg发酵脐橙粕的基础饲粮,预饲期7 d,正式试验期48 d。试验结束后,采集番鸭十二指肠组织样品和盲肠内容物。通过HE染色法和免疫组化法检测十二指肠肠道形态学指标和肠黏膜免疫功能指标;采用高通量测序技术对盲肠内容物的微生物16S rDNA进行测序,分析盲肠微生物多样性变化情况。【结果】(1)与对照组相比,100 g/kg发酵脐橙粕可极显著提高番鸭十二指肠的绒毛高度(P<0.01),显著提高绒毛表面积和上皮内淋巴细胞阳性率(P<0.05)。(2)显著物种差异分析结果显示,与对照组相比,饲喂100 g/kg发酵脐橙粕饲粮极显著抑制了番鸭盲肠脱铁杆菌门、厌氧菌科和无胆甾原体等有害菌丰度(P<0.01),极显著提高了黄杆菌属、螺杆菌属和巨单胞菌属等有益菌的丰度(P<0.0...     

饮水中添加湿态发酵蛋白饲料提高奶牛产奶量试验

湿态发酵蛋白饲料是玉米经酵母发酵、提取酒精后,又经益生菌发酵、密封包装的产物,其可溶性好、易消化、易吸收、蛋白质含量高。通过对奶牛进行饲喂试验可知,奶牛日添加4kg该饲料,单产可提高2.18kg,每头牛日增利润2.03元,增产效果好,经济效益显著;另外,研究还发现,日添加4kg该饲料对乳成分无显著影响。     

Production of bacteriocin by Leuconostoc mesenteroides 406 isolated from Mongolian fermented mare's milk,airag

The purification and characterization of a bacteriocin produced by Leuconostoc mesenteroides strain 406 that was isolated from traditional Mongolian fermented mare's milk, airag, were carried out. Leuconostoc mesenteroides strain 406 was identified on the basis of its morphological and biochemical characteristics and carbohydrate fermentation profile and by API 50 CH kit and 16S ribosomal DNA analyses. The neutral‐pH cell‐free supernatant of this bacterium inhibited the growth of several lactic acid bacteria and food spoilage and pathogenic organisms, including Listeria monocytogenes and Clostridium botulinum. The bacteriocin was heat‐stable and not sensitive to acid and alkaline conditions, but was sensitive to several proteolytic enzymes such as pepsin, pronase E, proteinase K, trypsin, and α‐chymotrypsin, but not catalase. Optimum bacteriocin production (4000 activity units/mL) was achieved when the strain was cultured at 25°C for 24–36 h in Man Rogosa Sharpe medium. The bacteriocin was partially purified by ammonium sulfate precipitation (80% saturation), dialysis (cut‐off MW: 1000), and gel filtration chromatography. Sodium dodecyl sulfate‐polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis revealed that the bacteriocin had a molecular weight of approximately 3.3 kDa. To our knowledge, this is the first report of the isolation of a bacteriocin‐producing Leuconostoc strain from airag. An application to fermented milks would be desired.     

发酵乳中沙门氏菌依赖解旋酶恒温基因扩增快速检测方法的建立

建立依赖解旋酶恒温基因扩增（helicase-dependent isothermal DNA amplification,HDA）快速检测发酵乳中沙门氏菌方法。以沙门氏菌invA基因序列为目的基因,设计特异性引物,优化反应体系中UvrD解旋酶及T4 gp32添加量,建立最优反应体系。通过HDA方法直接检测发酵乳中沙门氏菌,扩增其产物后进行电泳检测,验证方法特异性。结果表明：采用HDA快速检测法检测发酵乳中沙门氏菌特异性良好,优化后反应体系体积50 μL时,UvrD解旋酶添加量为0.10 μg,T4 gp32添加量为5.0 μg,得到与设计序列长度（304 bp）一致的扩增产物,检出限为2.6×102 CFU/g;该方法用于快速检测发酵乳中沙门氏菌能够满足检测需求,具有较高的灵敏度、易操作,可作为一种基础且快速的方法检测发酵乳中沙门氏菌。     

饲粮添加中药渣和发酵中药渣对母猪繁殖性能与子代发育的影响

本试验旨在通过研究微生物发酵中药渣对围产期母猪繁殖性能和子代发育的影响,为中药渣的二次开发利用提供依据。试验选用2~4胎次、预产期相近的妊娠85 d的健康二元母猪60头,随机分为3组,每组20头。3组分别在基础饲粮中添加2 kg/t米糠(对照组)、2 kg/t中药渣制剂(由黄芪、当归、熟地黄和白芍等组成,中药渣组)和2 kg/t发酵中药渣制剂(发酵中药渣组)。从产前21 d开始饲喂,到产后21 d结束。分别于妊娠110 d、产后21 d时测量母猪背膘厚,记录母猪的产仔数、产活仔数、死胎数、木乃伊数和母猪产后发情间隔;记录仔猪初生窝重,7、14和21日龄窝增重,并计算平均日增重;每天观察仔猪腹泻情况,并计算腹泻率。结果表明:与对照组相比,发酵中药渣组仔猪断奶窝增重显著增加(P0.05),中药渣组和发酵中药渣组仔猪1~14日龄、1~21日龄腹泻率显著增加(P0.05);与中药渣组相比,发酵中药渣组仔猪7日龄窝增重显著增加(P0.05),平均日增重呈升高趋势(P=0.053)。由此可见,围产期母猪饲粮添加中药渣制剂虽然造成哺乳仔猪一定程度的腹泻,但可促进其生长发育,添加发酵中药渣制剂效果更好。     

桑叶粉和发酵桑叶粉对胡须鸡屠宰性能、肉品质及盲肠菌群的影响

试验旨在研究桑叶粉和发酵桑叶粉对胡须鸡饲养后期屠宰性能、肉品质及盲肠菌群的影响。选用95日龄岭南黄Ⅲ号胡须鸡392只,随机分为7组,即对照组,5%、10%、20%桑叶粉组,5%、10%、20%发酵桑叶粉组。每组4个重复,每个重复14只鸡（7公7母）。预试期4 d,正试期28 d。结果表明：①与对照组相比,除10%桑叶粉组外,其余各试验组鸡半净膛率显著降低（P<0.05）;10%发酵桑叶粉组鸡全净膛率显著降低（P<0.05）,20%发酵桑叶粉及10%桑叶粉组鸡全净膛率极显著降低（P<0.01）;饲喂5%发酵桑叶粉或20%桑叶粉使胡须鸡腿肌率分别极显著或显著降低（P<0.01;P<0.05）。②与对照组相比,各试验组胸肌剪切力和桑叶粉各组腿肌剪切力值均有所下降,但只有10%桑叶粉组胸肌剪切力值显著下降（P<0.05）;20%桑叶粉组腿肌pH_{45 min}显著增加（P<0.05）;各试验组腿肌b^*值均有所降低,其中20%桑叶粉组显著降低（P<0.05）。③与对照组相比,5%、10%桑叶粉组鸡盲肠大肠杆菌数量显著降低（P<0.05）,各试验组盲肠乳酸菌与大肠杆菌比值有提高的趋势,但差异不显著（P>0.05）。综合以上试验结果,桑叶粉可在胡须鸡生长后期日粮中添加至10%,发酵桑叶粉可添加至20%。