施氮量对绿豆‖燕麦间作系统生产力及氮吸收累积的影响

以白绿11号和白燕2号为材料,研究不同施氮量(0、30、60、90和120kg/hm2)对绿豆‖燕麦间作系统生产力、生物产量及氮素吸收利用率的影响。结果表明:绿豆‖燕麦具有间作产量优势,间作系统比单作系统生产力平均提高了30%。间作系统生产力、生物产量、氮素吸收率并未随着施氮量的增加而增加,不施氮或施氮量较低时,燕麦与绿豆间作通过种间氮营养互补机制在不降低产量的同时,可以获得较高的土地当量比(LER)、生物产量及氮积累量;高氮肥量和种间互作使作物发生氮素"奢侈吸收",且高氮条件下,豆科固氮酶受到抑制或失去活性,发生"氮阻遏"。     

蓖麻SnRK2基因家族的鉴定和特征分析

SnRK2是一类植物特有的Ser/Thr类蛋白激酶。为研究其在蓖麻抗逆过程中的作用,基于蓖麻的基因组序列信息,利用生物信息学方法鉴定了6个蓖麻SnRK2蛋白激酶成员。分析发现这些蛋白具有亲水性属性,基因结构分析表明,植物SnRK2基因在进化过程中具有很高的保守性;系统与进化分析发现植物SnRK2蛋白在单、双子叶植物中分化显著,可能是独立演化的结果。高通量RNA-seq测序结果显示,大部分SnRK2基因在检测的各个组织中均有表达,且在不同组织间或种子发育的不同阶段没有明显的组织特异性;外源ABA处理种子后,Group 2的基因表达显著上调。进一步利用半定量RT-PCR技术检测外源(100μmol/L)ABA、(250mmol/L)Na Cl和(4℃)冷胁迫处理的幼苗,发现Group 2中的基因29908.m006067被这3种胁迫强烈激活,基因29772.m000313对ABA和冷胁迫有较强的响应。     

Comparative study of enzymes related to proline metabolism in tepary bean (Phaseolus acutifolius) and common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) under drought and irrigated conditions,and various urea concentrations

There are several mechanisms used by plants for survival in adverse environments such as drought, high temperature and salinity. The objective of this study was to evaluate the drought tolerance of tepary bean as a function of biochemical processes linked to isozyme synthesis and changes in enzymatic activity related to proline metabolism. Mature seeds of common beans var. flor de mayo, Phaseolus vulgaris and tepary beans Phaseolus acutifolius were grown under two water conditions (irrigation and drought), and four levels of urea. Vertical electrophoresis and spectrophotometric techniques were used to evaluate protein patterns, glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH), proline oxidase (PO) and pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase (P5C reductase) enzyme activities. These enzymes were studied because they are directly related to protein synthesis. Electrophoretic patterns showed more proteins in tepary beans than in common beans with limited irrigation. GDH showed only one isozyme, with a molecular weight between 240 to 270 kDa. A decrease in PO activity was observed in common beans under drought stress with a value of 237 mol/min, in comparison to irrigation conditions of 580 mol/min. GDH and P5C reductase enzymes have had higher activity in common beans than in tepary beans under water stress. There was a significant difference only in glutamate dehydrogenase enzyme with respect to urea level. The results suggest that drought tolerance of tepary beans is due to biochemical processes related to proline metabolic enzymes.     

海南长春花小叶病植原体16S rDNA基因片段的比较分析

从海南儋州地区的长春花上采集了表现小叶症状,疑似植原体感染的病样,利用植原体165 rDNA通用引物对R16mF2/R16mR1,应用PCR技术从该样品的总DNA提取物中扩增到预期大小的特异片段(约1.4kb),该片段的序列分析及系统关系树构建的结果表明,该片段与16Sr Ⅰ组中的植原体同源率均达到99%以上,而与其它组的植原体16S rDNA序列的同源率均低于96%,与16Sr Ⅰ组植原体缬草黄化、翠菊黄化、桑萎缩和玉米丛矮等在同一条进化枝上.故初步认为引起海南长春花小叶病的植原体应归属于16Sr Ⅰ组,将其暂命名为长春花小叶植原体海南株系(Periwinkle little leaf phytoplasma strain Hainan,PLL-Hn).     

铅诱导蚕豆根尖细胞产生的各种染色体畸变研究

[目的]研究铅对蚕豆根尖细胞诱导产生的各种染色体畸变.[方法]用不同浓度的PbCl_2溶液培养蚕豆种子,以蒸馏水培养作为对照,培养4~7 d,每天随机取根尖固定、染色、压片后镜检,观察各种染色体畸变,并统计相应的数目.[结果]培养第4~7天,1.0×10~(-4)~5.0×10~(-4)mol/L Pb~(2+)处理组的各种染色体畸变数目都高于对照组的染色体畸变数目,且Pb2+浓度越大,染色体畸变数目越多.[结论]Pb~(2+)对蚕豆根尖细胞染色体畸变的影响程度与Pb2+处理浓度以及处理时间有关.     

防除INA细菌减轻蚕豆霜冻害的研究

 用室内测定及田间试验的方法,从10种供试药剂中筛选出1号、3号、4号、5号、10号等5种防霜剂,用于防除INA细菌,减轻蚕豆霜冻,效果稳定。在此基础上开发的农大防霜剂5号,防霜效果好,能使蚕豆增产10%～20%,具有良好的应用前景。     

蚕豆秸秆高效好氧堆肥技术

蚕豆秸秆含氮量高,有效、合理利用蚕豆秸秆将极大丰富有机氮肥资源。通过蚕豆秸秆和猪粪预处理、菌剂配置、堆制过程中通气和物料比控制、堆制后温度和水分管理以及堆肥的腐熟和应用,全面总结了蚕豆秸秆高效好氧堆肥技术,为蚕豆秸秆的利用提供了新途径。     

种植模式和氮肥形态对威芋3号马铃薯产量及品质的影响

试验选用马铃薯品种威芋3号,采用田间试验方法,研究了薯玉传统间作模式、薯豆间作新模式下氮素形态对马铃薯产量、品质、营养吸收的影响。结果表明:薯豆间作显著提高马铃薯产量,比单作和薯玉间作分别增产17.2%、5.8%,并显著提高薯块粗蛋白含量和单株氮、钾含量,但使淀粉含量降低。与硝态氮肥相比较,铵态氮肥、酰胺态氮肥显著提高马铃薯产量,分别增产15.73%、13.49%;与其他两种形态氮肥相比,铵态氮肥显著提高了薯块的粗蛋白、Vc含量、植株氮、磷、钾含量,但显著降低了还原糖、淀粉含量。氮肥形态与间作对马铃薯粗蛋白、淀粉、还原糖、产量、单株氮、钾含量有显著的交互效应。     

Unavailable carbohydrates in common bean cotyledon (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) Canario group

Unavailable carbohydrates in cotyledon flour were quantified from four varieties of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L) belonging to the Canario group. The pectin content, as percentage of anhydrogalacturonic acid, ranged between 1.57% and 2.3%. Percentages of hemicellulose A and B were similar, with average values of 2.81% and 2.61%, respectively. The polysaccharide extracted with 10% trichloroacetic acid was determined; its yield was 3.17%. This value dropped to 2.35% when the cotyledon flour was previously hydrolyzed with polygalacturonase. The average value of cellulose was 1.36%.     

硒对赤豆芽苗菜产量品质及保护酶活性的影响

以东北赤豆(Vigna angularis)为试验材料,分别用0、2、4、6、8 mg/L的Na2Se O3溶液浸种处理12 h,研究硒对赤豆芽苗菜产量、品质及保护酶活性的影响。结果表明:适量的硒(4~6 mg/L)浸种对赤豆芽产量和品质的提高非常有利。赤豆芽苗菜VC含量、可溶性糖含量分别在硒浓度为4、6 mg/L时最高;8 mg/L处理时,硝酸盐含量最低。一定浓度的硒浸种可以显著提高赤豆芽菜保护酶活性,6 mg/L处理SOD、POD活性最高;4 mg/L处理CAT活性最高。本试验条件下,最适宜赤豆芽苗菜生长的Na2Se O3浓度为4~6 mg/L。