西宁地区草坪阔叶杂草防除试验

于2001和2003年4-6月对西宁地区草坪阔叶杂草进行了除草剂药效试验。结果表明,5种药剂试验处理中,72%2,4-D丁酯与48%百草敌药效最好,防效分别为89.8%和87.9%,75%杜邦巨星药效较好,防效为85.2%,药效较差的是10%甲磺隆,防效为52.9%,25%氯磺隆药效最差,防效为37.6%。浓度筛选试验中,72%2,4-D丁酯400倍液与500倍液药效最好,防效分别为97.5%和96.7%,48%百草敌1 000倍液与1 300倍液防效分别为92.9%和92.3%,药效较好,75%杜邦巨星10 000倍液药效较差,防效为87.9%,其中以72%2,4-D丁酯500倍液的防除成本最低,其次是48%百草敌1 300倍液,防除成本最高的是75%杜邦巨星10 000倍液,从防除效果和成本2方面综合考虑,72%2,4-D丁酯为西宁地区防除草坪阔叶杂草较理想的除草剂,田间推荐剂量为500倍液。     

林木害虫监测技术的研究进展

随着国际间贸易的频繁,外来林木害虫传入我国的风险加大,评估外来林木害虫扩散趋势和速度,建立有效的外来林木害虫监测系统显得尤为迫切。本文结合本课题组有关林木害虫诱集已取得的成果,综述了近年来国内外对外来林木害虫诱集监测技术的研究进展,并就建立适合我国的外来林木害虫监测体系提出建议。     

Critical period for weed control in direct seeded red pepper (Capsicum annum L.)

Direct seeded red pepper is a cash crop in Kahramanmara? province of Turkey as well as some other nearby provinces. Weeds are a major constraint in red pepper production. Field studies were conducted to determine critical period for weed control (CPWC) in direct seeded spice pepper in Kahramanmara?, in 2008 and 2009. The CPWC in red pepper based on a 2.5%, 5% and 10% acceptable yield loss (AYL) was calculated by fitting logistic and Gompertz equations to relative yield data. The CPWC in red pepper was determined from 0 to 1087 growing degree days (GDD) in 2008 and from 109 to 796 GDD in 2009 for 10% AYL after crop emergence in red pepper. For 2.5–5% AYL, the CPWC starts with germination and lasts until harvest. Direct seeded red pepper is very vulnerable to weed competition and weed control programs for direct seeded spice pepper in Turkey should include pre‐emergence and residual herbicides.     

Evaluation of the combination of 1,3-dichloropropene and dazomet as an efficient alternative to methyl bromide for cucumber production in China

BACKGROUND: The combination of 1,3‐dichloropropene (1,3‐D) and dazomet (DZ) offers a potential alternative to methyl bromide (MB) for soil disinfection. MB is scheduled to be withdrawn from routine use by 2015 in developing countries. Combination treatments of 1,3‐D + DZ were evaluated in a laboratory study and in two commercial cucumber fields. RESULTS: Laboratory studies found that nearly all of the tested combinations of 1,3‐D and DZ displayed positive synergistic activity on root‐knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.), two major soilborne fungi (Fusarium spp. and Phytophthora spp.) and the seeds of two major weed species (Digitaria sanguinalis and Abutilon theophrasti). Field trials revealed that the combination of 1,3‐D and DZ (at 10 + 25 g m^?2) successfully suppressed Meloidogyne spp. root galling, sharply reduced Fusarium spp. and Phytophthora spp. and maintained high cucumber yields. The combination treatment of 1,3‐D + DZ was more effective than 1,3‐D or DZ alone and provided results similar to methyl bromide with respect to pest control, plant mortality, plant height, yield and income. All of the treatments were significantly better than the non‐treated control. CONCLUSION: The results indicate that the tested combination of 1,3‐D and DZ offers an efficient alternative to methyl bromide for cucumber production. Copyright © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry     

论幼林的抚育管护

介绍幼林抚育管理的重要性,从松土除草、水肥管理、林木抚育、幼林补植与保护等方面总结其措施,以期提高造林成活率。     

除草剂对燕麦田杂草的防效及其对燕麦产量的影响

通过田间试验研究了13种除草剂对燕麦田杂草控制及产量的影响.结果表明:10种苗期茎叶处理除草剂中,皮燕麦和裸燕麦田用药后30d,株防效和鲜重防效均以40%二甲.辛酰溴最高,分别为97.5%、99.0%和90.5%、98.0%;3种土壤处理除草剂以仲丁灵效果最佳;麦草畏对燕麦有轻微药害.除草剂对燕麦产量有显著影响,不同除草剂效应不同,皮燕麦、裸燕麦对除草剂的反应也不尽相同;裸燕麦在相同除草剂处理下产量增幅小于皮燕麦;除草剂的防效是影响燕麦产量的最主要因素,其次为小穗数、穗粒数、株高、穗长、千粒质量.     

外来生物灾害应急管理系统设计与实现

根据应急管理,构建了外来生物灾害应急管理平台的总体架构,分析了外来生物灾害应急管理的信息结构,采用C++作为开发语言,设计实现了外来生物灾害应急管理系统平台,为外来生物灾害应急管理提供辅助决策服务。     

入侵物种胜红蓟挥发物和渣液对杂草的化感作用

采用水蒸汽蒸馏法提取胜红蓟地上部挥发油,测定胜红蓟挥发物及其渣液对稗草、黑麦草和三叶鬼针草的化感作用。结果表明:胜红蓟挥发物对稗草、黑麦草和三叶鬼针草幼苗生长有显著抑制作用,稗草的根长、苗高和鲜质量分别比对照减少7.2%、8.3%和7.7%,黑麦草的根长、苗高和鲜质量分别比对照减少13.4%、22.7%和7.7%,三叶鬼针草根长、苗高和鲜质量的分别比对照减少20.0%、14.7%和33.3%;不同浓度胜红蓟渣液对稗草、黑麦草和三叶鬼针草幼苗生长也有显著抑制作用,且随浓度增大而增强,当胜红蓟渣液质量浓度为0.01、0.10和1.00 g/mL时,稗草根长比对照分别减少44.6%、91.6%和100.0%,苗高分别减少48.5%、78.1%和98.7%,鲜质量分别减少41.7%、58.3%和83.3%;黑麦草根长分别减少26.8%、65.8%和100%,苗高分别减少25.1%、69.1%和100%,鲜质量分别减少12.9%、48.4%和100.0%;三叶鬼针草根长分别减少26.0%、68.5%和100.0%,苗高分别减少19.8%、46.8%和100.0%,鲜质量分别减少28.6%、57.1%和100.0%。