Utilisation of wood biomass residues from fruit tree branches,evergreen hardwood shrubs and Greek fir wood as raw materials for particleboard production. Part A. Mechanical properties

This paper investigates the potential of utilising wood biomass from fruit tree branches and evergreen hardwood shrubs as raw materials in the production of particleboards when mixed with Greek fir wood particles. The main mechanical properties of the boards made therefrom were determined and compared with those made of typical industrial wood (IW) particles. The highest modulus of rupture and elasticity (30.0 N/mm² and 4330 N/mm², respectively) in bending and screw withdrawal (SW) resistance (127.8 N/mm) were reported for boards made of Greek fir and were downgraded when the fruit tree branches or evergreen hardwood shrub particles also participated. The participation of fruit tree branch particles in proportions higher than 50% improved the internal bond (IB) of fir produced boards, while the highest IB strength (0.95 N/mm²) was reported for boards made of fruit tree branches. Particleboards made of evergreen hardwood shrubs showed inferior mechanical properties compared with those made of IW particles. The latter also showed superior bending strength but inferior SW resistance compared with boards made of fruit tree branches. Hygroscopic and other properties are under determination and will be presented and discussed in the second part of the work.     

手持式测树枪量测树冠体积方法研究

为实现单木树冠体积的精准测量,文章介绍了一种手持式测树枪量测树冠体积的方法。在被测树周围布设测站点,以一定的顺序获取各测站点正对树冠边缘点位坐标,通过等高线内插法分层,以构成多面体,利用积分算法求算树冠的体积。将电子测树枪所测结果与传统方法、无棱镜全站仪以及三维激光扫描仪所测结果进行对比分析。结果表明,测树枪所测精度与等高距呈线性关系,测树枪所测精度远高于传统方法,略低于无棱镜全站仪,低于三维激光扫描仪的精度,满足林业调查精度要求,可以在林业行业中推广使用。     

白马鸡的人工孵化研究

采用异亲鸟孵化与机器孵化2种繁殖方法对白马鸡种卵孵化的出雏率、种卵失重率等方面进行对比分析。结果表明,异亲鸟孵化成功率达87%以上,机器孵化的出雏率为85%;发育正常的白马鸡种卵在孵化器内正常孵化失重率变化不大,在13%左右;无发育能力的白马鸡卵在孵化器内正常孵化失重率变化较大,在11%~17%之间变动。在白马鸡人工孵化过程中种卵选择是孵化成功的先决条件。     

园林大树夏季全冠移植的几项关键技术

园林大树夏季全冠移植是现阶段园林绿化建设的常用手段,通过分析大树移栽的几个关键技术,认为铁勾网包扎可代替木箱移植,抗蒸腾剂技术应深入研究推广,成熟后可用于代替全光喷雾技术。易积水的移栽地可使用根部土壤透气技术。营养液滴注技术使用时应注意输液孔处病虫害的侵袭。文章总结提出了断根处理、树干钉板、根部固定和浇水节律等配套技术,可为园林大树夏季全冠移植工作提供参考。     

云南十八连山省级自然保护区雨雪冰冻灾害区植被修复技术

应用修复生态学理论和植被演替理论,根据保护区现状和植被修复经验,结合恢复原森林生态系统结构、提高林分抗逆性等植被修复目标,提出了重度受害区植被修复模式、中度受害区植被修复模式、重要经济价值树种营建模式、珍贵树种扩繁模式、防火通道景观配置模式等5种植被修复技术模式。以及各修复模式的树种选择,混交、整地、配置方式及株行距等。     

锯缘青蟹亲蟹选择及培育技术

亲蟹质量及亲蟹培育是锯缘青蟹人工育苗的基础。本文就亲蟹的选择、亲蟹暂养期的环境、亲蟹的饵料及饲养条件进行了探讨。在相同的理化因子条件下,海捕亲蟹的抱卵率(62.13％)大约为养殖亲蟹抱卵率(26.67％)的2.31倍。     

Effect of a size-based selection program on blood metabolites and immune response of Litopenaeus vannamei juveniles fed different dietary carbohydrate levels

Blood metabolites in wild and seventh-generation cultivated shrimp were measured to determine how size-based selection could alter the nutritional and immunological conditions of Litopenaeus vannamei. Wild L. vannamei juveniles and a sample of seventh-generation cultured shrimp were acclimated under identical conditions. During 55 days, shrimp were fed a high (HCHO: 44%) or a low (LCHO: 3%) carbohydrate diet for 55 days. Wild shrimp showed a direct relation between dietary CHO and lactate, protein and hemocyte levels indicating that dietary CHO was used for protein synthesis via transamination pathways. In seventh-generation cultured shrimp these parameters were inversely proportional to dietary CHO level, indicating the capacity to synthesize protein from dietary CHO was repressed in cultured shrimp. Farmed shrimp showed a limited capacity to respond to LCHO diets demonstrating high protein dependence in their metabolism and immune response. These results demonstrate that during size-based breeding programs other metabolic process than CHO catabolism can be selected. The incapacity of shrimp to use dietary CHO could limit protein reduction of diets and limit the efforts of the shrimp industry to be ecologically and environmentally profitable.     

通过刺槐的水力结构特征参数探讨管道理论

为了解刺槐Robinia pseudoacacia苗木对体内水分运输过程的调控机制,基于水力结构理论,在充分供水条件下,利用改良的"冲洗法"对2年生刺槐苗木的水力结构参数进行测定,并探讨了管道理论的合理性和适用范围。结果表明:在充分供水条件下,刺槐苗木茎段导水率、比导率、叶比导率和胡伯尔值均随被测茎段直径的增加而增大;苗木不同生长阶段,其导水率、比导率和叶比导率差异显著(P<0.05),且均为生长旺期>生长初期>生长末期,胡伯尔值为生长初期最大,生长旺期和生长末期差异不显著(P>0.05)。由此可推断,①在水分胁迫条件下,苗木更倾向于保护那些较粗茎段;②苗木水力结构特征与提体内生理活动呈正相关关系;③管道模型假说虽然有其存在的合理性,但也有其局限性和适用性,在对于水分在林木体内的运输过程以及调控机制的解释,管道模型假说过于简单化了。     

紫色马铃薯新品种桂彩薯1 号的选育

桂彩薯1 号是以日本北海道岛系571 号为母本,以日本北海道岛系568 号为父本经有性杂交系统选育而成。早中熟,生育期（出苗至成熟）85～95 d（天）。块茎长椭圆形,中等大小,紫皮紫肉,表皮光滑,芽眼少而浅,结薯集中,单薯质量100 g 左右,鲜薯产量1 000～1 500 kg· （ 667 m²）^-1,最高可达2 000 kg（ 667 m²）^-1。块茎淀粉含量9.07%,粗蛋白质2.45%,还原糖0.67%,VC 137.0 mg·kg^-1（FW）,花色苷1 786.0 mg·kg^-1（FW）。适宜广西、广东、福建、云南、湖南等地秋冬种植。     

Phenotypic and genotypic background underlying variations in fatty acid composition and sensory parameters in European bovine breeds

Background： Consuming moderate amounts of lean red meat as part of a balanced diet valuably contributes to intakes of essential nutrients, in this study, we merged phenotypic and genotypic information to characterize the variation in lipid profile and sensory parameters and to represent the diversity among 15 cattle populations. Correlations between fat content, organoleptic characteristics and lipid profiles were also investigated. Methods： A sample of 436 largely unrelated purebred bulls belonging to 15 breeds and reared under comparable management conditions was analyzed. Phenotypic data -including fatness score, fat percentage, individual fatty acids （FA） profiles and sensory panel tests- and genotypic information from 11 polymorphisms was used. Results： The correlation coefficients between muscle total lipid measurements and absolute vs. relative amounts of polyunsaturated FA （PUFA） were in opposite directions. Increasing carcass fat leads to an increasing amount of FAs in triglycerides, but at the same time the relative amount of PUFAs is decreasing, which is in concordance with the negative correlation obtained here between the percentage of PUFA and fat measurements, as well as the weaker correlation between total phospholipids and total lipid muscle content compared with neutral lipids. Concerning organoleptic characteristics, a negative correlation between fiavour scores and the percentage of total PUFA, particularly to n-6 fraction, was found. The correlation between juiciness and texture is higher than with flavour scores. The distribution of SNPs plotted by principal components analysis （PCA） mainly reflects their known trait associations, although influenced by their specific breed allele frequencies. Conclusions： The results presented here help to understand the phenotypic and genotypic background underlying variations in FA composition and sensory parameters between breeds. The wide range of traits and breeds studied, along with the genotypic information on polymorphisms previo