Identification of a major gene (Mex-1) from Coffea canephora conferring resistance to Meloidogyne exigua in Coffea arabica

Among the most damaging root-knot nematode species, Meloidogyne exigua is especially common in Latin America and constitutes a major agronomic constraint in all major coffee-growing ( Coffea arabica ) areas. Growing nematode-resistant coffee represents the most promising option for control of the pest. The present study aimed to determine the mode of inheritance of the M. exigua resistance transferred into C. arabica from a related species, Coffea canephora , and to identify associated molecular markers. Segregation data analysis of F ₂ progeny derived from a cross between the resistant introgression line T5296 and the susceptible accession Et6 showed that the resistance to M. exigua is controlled by a simply inherited major gene (designated the Mex -1 locus). The gall index distribution exhibited by the F ₂ individuals suggested incomplete dominant expression. Fourteen AFLP markers were found associated with the resistance to M. exigua and a localized genetic map of the chromosome segment carrying Mex -1 was constructed. Furthermore, the association of the identified AFLP markers with Mex -1 was confirmed by analysis of a set of genotypes involving 28 introgression Arabica lines either resistant or susceptible to M. exigua in field conditions. These results represent an important starting point to enhance backcross breeding programmes and to perform an early selection of resistant seedlings.     

The re-emergence of indigenous forest in an urban environment, Christchurch, New Zealand

Christchurch, the second largest city in New Zealand is a planned city on a coastal plain on the east coast of the South Island. The birth of the city and the subsequent century of development was characterised by colonial values and tree and garden planting with familiar European species along with those from Australia, North America, and eventually all other continents. The image of an “English garden city” with classical parks of oaks and willow-lined rivers became the accepted norm and the way in which the city has been promoted to potential tourists. Gardening is one of the top two recreational activities and exotic species greatly outnumber native species in the flora and in gardens. This has had serious consequences for the highly fragmented and degraded indigenous vegetation and its co-adapted wildlife. A few hardy indigenous species continued to regenerate through this period, but since the 1970s, there has been a progressive change of attitude and interest in reclaiming the natural heritage of the city, manifest in widespread private and public planting of indigenous species and active habitat restoration. In this article we examine the indigenous and exotic shrub and tree components of the Christchurch flora as planted street trees, in domestic gardens, and in parks. We also present data on shrub and tree regeneration in parks and domestic gardens in the city. Indications are that the more sensitive, less intrusive management of urban environments, combined with the greater density of indigenous seed sources, has allowed regeneration of a wide range of indigenous species across a broad spectrum of habitats – from neglected gardens to pavement cracks to exotic plantations. This is despite the competition from the prodigious seed banks and density of exotic trees, shrubs, and ground covers and albeit minimal impacts of introduced browsing and seed eating mammals. If the present trends continue through appropriate management and facilitation, these tentative signs of native forest regeneration should eventually proliferate into a sustainable mixed origin urban forest that resurrects and preserves the natural character of the region.     

贵州茶树雪凝冻害发生情况与补救预防措施

分析了2008年贵州雪凝气候特点和茶树雪凝冻害受灾成因及受灾情况,针对不同类型的茶园和苗圃提出了相应的补救和预防措施。     

中日传统家具的用材文化比较

中日传统家具由于受不同的社会因素的影响,形成了各自不同的选材原则。在传统家具的用材方面,中国传统家具表现出一种独具特色的"硬木"文化情结,而日本传统家具则表现出一种"轻材质重工艺"的审美意趣。日本传统家具在选材与用材方面的审美意识应成为中国对日出口家具企业进行原材料选择、成本分析与产品设计定位的依据。     

千岛湖姥山林业科普教育与生态休闲基地规划探析

结合姥山种质资源保护和良种研发创新平台项目建设,规划建立具有千岛湖特色的生态休闲场所.详细阐述总体布局中科普游览和生态休闲两大区块中各景点的主题意象和建设重点.最后提出加强林业科普教育,培养人们的环境意识和可持续发展理念,发挥森林的多功能效益.     

马尾松胶合板材用材林优良家系生长与物理力学性质的研究

通过对不同家系马尾松的生长和物理力学性质研究,结果表明,采用经过遗传改良的良种造林,能使马尾松人工林生产力大大提高,从而缩短大径材的培育年限,达到良好的增产效果,提高经济效益.结合材性分析结果,培育优质胶合板材的马尾松优良家系主要有建瓯南雅-24、建瓯川石-3、连城-48、龙岩-61、南平-85、南平-86、连城-50、建瓯川石-4家系.     

施工企业临时性电源接地方式的选择

针对建筑工地临时用电的临时性、移动性和复杂性,提出施工中临时用电接地方案的选择.     

BP神经网络在储粮害虫分类中的应用研究

综合利用计算机视觉技术和BP神经网络技术,实现对粮仓害虫的无损检测.通过对粮仓害虫图像的CCD图像预处理,获取了几何特征和不变矩等15个特征参数,并通过优化选取其中七个参数输入神经网络进行训练.仿真结果表明训练网络对粮仓四类常见害虫的识别率达到了85%,得到了较好的识别结果.     

德南牛全基因组变异解析和功能基因挖掘

[目的]研究德南牛的群体遗传结构和解析影响其重要性状的关键基因。[方法]通过主成分分析、群体进化树分析、群体遗传结构分析等方法,研究德南牛的遗传结构和与其他品种的亲缘关系;同时,利用全基因组SNP数据,计算德南牛与德国黄牛、南阳牛群体固定指数(Fst)和核苷酸多样性比值(π ratio)、复合似然比(CLR)、XP-EHH等多种选择信号指标,以筛选出德南牛基因组上受到选择的信号,鉴定出重要的候选基因。[结果] 德南牛具有欧洲普通牛(0.789)、东亚牛(0.176)、中国瘤牛(0.035)的混合血统。在θπ和CLR方法中鉴定出93个共有基因,使用FST和XP-EHH方法鉴定出17个共有基因。进行富集以及基因功能注释后,发现这些基因可能与生殖性能(TUBB3、NSD2、GRM1、ERBB4)、生长性状(RFX3、FGFR3、GABRB1、PDE4D)、环境适应性(PGR、GRIA4)和免疫系统反应(P2RY12、P2RY13、GPR87、P2RY14、GPR171)有关。[结论]本项研究发现德南牛血统受德国黄牛影响较多,且挖掘了德南牛基因组内可能具有经济意义的性状相关的选择特征,为德南牛种群的选育提高提供理论支撑。     

火炬松半同胞子代配合选择的遗传增益估算

以半同胞子代为材料,开展火炬松生长性状的评价并进行配合选择,在估算3种遗传力的基础上,估算配合选择的遗传增益.子代测定林分别建于广东英德(24°15'N,113°45'E)和浙江富阳(30°15'N,119°58'E)2个地点,包含24个共同家系,均来自广东英德火炬松种子园.子代林为随机区组设计,6次重复,英德试点为6株行式小区,富阳试点为8株行式小区.以SAS(R)/STAT统计软件的VARCOMP过程用限制性最大似然法估算的方差成分进行遗传力的估算.结果表明:6年生树高单株遗传力、家系内遗传力和家系遗传力分别为0.161、0.129和0.579,胸径遗传力分别为0.075、0.059和0.384,单株材积遗传力分别为0.104、0.082和0.471.用3个公式估算配合选择的遗传增益.在数据严重不平衡的情况下,3个公式估算的结果非常接近,显示了简便的估算公式,即利用家系遗传力和家系内遗传力以及相应的选择差进行估算的公式,具有实用性和可靠性.