Nash Equilibrium Mechanic of Environmental and Human Capital

The externality of surrounding is introduced into the 2-capital of economical increasing models, which includes human factors, to explore the influences of circumstances contradiction on the human capital formation. The normal and special nash equilibrium of environmental and human capital is presented through a limited boundary model of overlapping generations. The character of equilibrium trail and its economical meaning are examined. The study on the model shows that laissez faire economy will be either stagnant,growing,or collapsing in the long-run,depending on the returns of the learning technology with respect to the two kinds of capital,the initial state of economy,and the relative price of the environmental and consumption goods.     

Power Frequency Electric Field Caused by EHV Lines and Its Effect

Mathematical model of power frequency electric field is established based on Charge Simulation Method(CSM) to analyze power frequency electric field caused by EHV lines with overhead ground wires and its effect, which are entering the megalopolis. Calculative method on the electric field under the transmission lines is analyzed and validated. According to the criterion of environmental evaluation, the distributing characteristic of electric field is summarized, in case of various arrangement manners of lines. At last, some advice and methods of eliminating electric field under the transmission lines entering the megalopolis is proposed with regard to protecting environment.     

A MATHEMATICAL MODEL OF FUZZY EVALUATION METHOD FOR ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION

The problem of fuzzy evaluation of environmental pollution is importantboth in environment science and in environmental protection.Usual evaluationmethods have their own characteristics.This paper puts forward a mathematicalmodel of fuzzy evaluation method in grades by means of systematic analysisfor environmental pollution.At the same time,it assigns weighted values byordering based on paired comparison.     

曹娥江上游支流水环境容量的研究

本文针对我国东部地区典型河流-曹娥江的污染现状，选其上游支流长昭水库至南津桥河段进行了水环境容量研究，根据该河段的水流特性和水文、污染源的调查资料及水质实测资料，应用数学模型，分段研究了该河段各月的水环境容量。结果表明：该河段局部水质污染严重，水环境容量所剩无几。本项目的研究为实施污染物总量控制提供基础资料，为曹娥江流域水污染控制的管理和决策提供了科学依据。     

石油污染土壤降解与土壤的环境关系

阐述了石油污染土壤的降解与土壤环境的关系;提出如何消除石油污染土壤降解的环境限制因子,为微生物降解石油提供最理想环境,是有效治理石油污染的关键.     

岩溶地区生态环境可持续发展的生态足迹分析

本文以西南岩溶地区清镇市为例,采用生态足迹的理论和模型对2005年清镇市区域生态足迹状况进行了测算和分析,并与不同区域进行比较。结果表明:①清镇市2005年的人均生态足迹为2.5440hm2,超过了它的人均生态承载力;②清镇市2005年人均生态赤字为2.1240hm2,表明清镇市处于一种不可持续的发展状态;③清镇市2005年万元GDP生态足迹为2.8139hm2,高于中国西部的平均水平,资源利用为粗放消耗型。针对清镇市生态赤字的状况,提出了缓解该市生态压力、提高生态承载力的建议。     

我国农业可持续发展面临的生态环境问题及对策

对我国农业可持续发展中所面临的水土流失、荒漠化、水资源短缺、自然灾害频繁发生等生态问题,化肥污染、农药污染、畜禽养殖污染、农膜污染等面源污染问题以及乡镇工业污染和农村生活污染等问题进行了简要论述;并针对存在的问题,提出了发展绿色农业产业、加强农村环境立法、加强脆弱生态系统的保护管理等几点对策和建议。     

Rapid Onset of the Accelerated Degradation of Dicarboximide Fungicides in a UK Soil with a Long History of Agrochemical Exclusion

In field and laboratory experiments, enhanced degradation of the dicarboximide fungicides, iprodione and vinclozolin, was stimulated by only one application of the fungicides in a soil with no previous history of any pesticide input. Field and laboratory studies demonstrated the ease of stimulation by pre-treatment with even very low concentrations of the fungicides (0·5 μg g⁻¹ soil) and at a range of temperatures and soil moisture conditions. Soils that had acquired full enhanced degradation could rapidly degrade fungicide applied at 30 times the recommended field rate. Cross-enhancement of degradation was noted with both fungicides, but not with their common metabolite, 3,5-dichloroaniline. Application of the antibiotics chloramphenicol or rifampicin to soil reduced enhanced degradation to control levels; cycloheximide had no effect. This, together with the inhibitory action of azide, mercuric chloride and repetitive microwaving, indicated that the agent(s) of enhanced degradation was probably bacterial.     

Ecological and Industrial Implications of Dynamic Seaweed-Associated Microbiota Interactions

Seaweeds are broadly distributed and represent an important source of secondary metabolites (e.g., halogenated compounds, polyphenols) eliciting various pharmacological activities and playing a relevant ecological role in the anti-epibiosis. Importantly, host (as known as basibiont such as algae)–microbe (as known as epibiont such as bacteria) interaction (as known as halobiont) is a driving force for coevolution in the marine environment. Nevertheless, halobionts may be fundamental (harmless) or detrimental (harmful) to the functioning of the host. In addition to biotic factors, abiotic factors (e.g., pH, salinity, temperature, nutrients) regulate halobionts. Spatiotemporal and functional exploration of such dynamic interactions appear crucial. Indeed, environmental stress in a constantly changing ocean may disturb complex mutualistic relations, through mechanisms involving host chemical defense strategies (e.g., secretion of secondary metabolites and antifouling chemicals by quorum sensing). It is worth mentioning that many of bioactive compounds, such as terpenoids, previously attributed to macroalgae are in fact produced or metabolized by their associated microorganisms (e.g., bacteria, fungi, viruses, parasites). Eventually, recent metagenomics analyses suggest that microbes may have acquired seaweed associated genes because of increased seaweed in diets. This article retrospectively reviews pertinent studies on the spatiotemporal and functional seaweed-associated microbiota interactions which can lead to the production of bioactive compounds with high antifouling, theranostic, and biotechnological potential.     

日本环境保全型耕地农业系统对中国耕地保护的启示

为解决中国农业长期粗放经营问题,研究中国耕地与生态文明协同保护体系,采用文献研究法和归纳演绎法,分析东亚地区代表国家环境保全型农业下的耕地农业协同体系。研究表明,日本的耕地农业环境保护支付制度、生态补偿市场认证体系、耕地农业法律制度保障,是建立在生态补偿原则上,经过实践检验行之有效的,能够提升市场参与度及农民自主性投入的耕地生态协同保护措施。中国在推广耕地合理利用实践方面做出了不懈努力,但是在建立耕地生态协同保护的休耕制度、因地制宜建立生态补偿体系、加快推进耕地生态协同保护专项基金的设立等方面还需进一步坚持和完善。