岷江源区植物群落复杂性研究

采用通讯理论中的霍夫曼编码方法研究了岷江源区植物群落复杂性及其与环境因子之间的一般关系,并揭示了群落复杂性与多样性、物种丰富度和均匀度之间的关系。结果表明:2900-3100m和3500-3700m两个海拔段的植物群落有较高的总复杂性。不同群系的总复杂性,表现为森林群系>灌丛群系>草甸群系;云杉林的总复杂性最高,蒿草草甸的总复杂性最低;灌丛群系中,锦鸡儿灌丛的总复杂性最高,沙棘灌丛的总复杂性最低;草甸群系中,苔草草甸和白茅草甸群系总复杂性较高。群落总复杂性与土壤水分和养分之间呈现显著的二次曲线关系。总复杂性与多样性及物种丰富度呈现出极显著的正相关关系;均匀度与结构复杂性有极显著的负相关关系,均匀度较高的群落,其总复杂性和多样性差别较小,结构复杂性较低;结构复杂性对群落内物种数的变化较为敏感,均匀度和物种数共同影响着群落的结构复杂性。     

20年来西安市工业发展与大气环境质量变化的关系

选取了1985-2005年的相关数据,采用3次非线性的环境库兹涅茨曲线模型,分析了经济转型期西安市工业发展与大气环境质量变化的关系。结果发现:近20年来随着西安市能源结构、产业结构的调整和淘汰外迁重污染企业,工业发展与大气环境质量跨过EKC曲线的"高山"进入两者协调发展的新阶段。以SO2、粉尘和工业废气排放总量为指标,随着工业生产总值的增长三类污染物排放总量出现下降趋势;以大气中SO2、NO和TSP为指标,随着人均GDP的增长三类污染物的年平均浓度逐渐下降,这反应出已实施的环境经济政策与措施发挥了良好的效果;然而,随着城市规模的扩大和现有措施边际效率的递减,近年来三类工业废气排放总量出现了明显的反弹趋势,应引起相关部门重视并提出新的更严格的环境保护措施。     

旅游发展中利益相关者环境意识水平分析

环境意识作为一种新的独立意识形态,能够规范社区与社会的生活方式和经济活动方式.因此,旅游发展的生态安全状态取决于直接利益相关者的环境意识水平以及他们之间的相互利益协调关系,主要包括:旅游管理部门、旅游者、旅游企业和当地社区。文中根据环境意识结构,设计了旅游环境意识调查问卷,其主要的指标体系包括:旅游环境知识水平、旅游环境态度、旅游环境评价和旅游环境行为四个方面。并设计了环境意识总体评价模型,以此来计算旅游发展中旅游环境意识水平的综合得分。经过分析得知,旅游管理部门的环境意识水平最高,其次是社区居民,再次是旅游企业,最后是旅游者,而且总体水平都不高。所以,在旅游发展中必须提高各利益相关者的旅游环境意识水平,推动他们自觉参与保护旅游生态环境安全的行动中来。     

Citizens’ perception of and satisfaction with urban forests and green space: Results from selected Southeast European cities

In this paper the results of the first comprehensive study on perception of and satisfaction with urban forests and green space in seven Southeast European cities are presented. The aims of the paper are to analyse 1) citizen perceptions of the current state of urban forests and green space in their cities, 2) to what extent current urban forests and green space meet their needs and how this can be improved. A cross-sectional study was conducted by using a common face-to-face survey questionnaire. Respondents were selected based on census data though a stratified sampling procedure by taking into account age, gender and city district (n = 384 in each city). The results showed that citizens genuinely care for urban forests and green space in their cities, but are not satisfied with their current state. The respondents found issues related to misbehaviour of other users, the presence and quality of facilities, as well as the presence and quality of management or maintenance the most pressing. There were more statistically significant differences than similarities between cities. Socioeconomic variables explained perceptions only to some extent. Citizens were very supportive of educational campaigns about the importance of urban forests and green space as well as of better enforcement of the existing regulations though having more community wardens that were expected to tackle current unsatisfactory situations. Urban planning and urban forest and green space management in these cities are facing many problems characteristic for post-socialist countries. Study findings are expected to contribute to decision making in urban planning and natural resource management.     

Random point sampling to detect gain and loss in tree canopy cover in response to urban densification

Urban tree canopy cover (UTC) is a simple, and common, measure of urban forest resource. Urban infill development is likely to lead to losses in UTC under private tenure, at a time when local governments are setting ambitious targets to increase UTC overall. Simple, statistically rigorous methods are required to benchmark and track change in UTC, whilst identifying which land-use types or tenures experience change.We estimated UTC in six Melbourne suburbs in 2010 and 2015 by randomly sampling 2000 points across public land, public streetscapes and private land. We were able to detect a net change in UTC of <2% over five years to a 95% level of confidence. A significant net decrease in UTC (−2.4%) was only detected in one of the six suburbs. Two suburbs had a net increase in UTC by +2.7% over five years. On private land, there was often areas of UTC loss, but this was generally offset by canopy gain in other areas of the private realm as well as in streetscapes and public land. Losses in UTC on private land were mainly due to tree removal, with or without subsequent construction works.This study describes a simple, but statistically rigorous, method to quantify UTC change and the drivers of change in different land-use types and tenure. Despite studying two suburbs will high rates of infill development, only one suburb showed evidence of net UTC decrease. The ‘dynamic equilibrium’ in UTC, whereby canopy losses area approximately offset by concurrent canopy gain, means that ambitious targets being set by local governments to increase UTC may be difficult to achieve without changes in tree protection and infill development policy and planning.     

节节麦小穗上不同粒位种子萌发对环境因子的响应

为明确节节麦小穗上不同粒位种子萌发对环境因素的响应差异,采用培养皿法测定了小穗基部小花形成的第1粒种子(S1)和相邻上部位置小花形成的第2粒种子(S2)萌发对酸碱胁迫、盐胁迫和水分胁迫的响应.结果显示:S1和S2萌发均对pH要求不高,但在供试pH为3～10时,S2的萌发速率大于S1.与S1相比,S2萌发具有较强的耐盐性...     

Research Progress on Bacterial Resistance in Environment

Antibiotic resistance genes have become a recognized environmental pollutant, threatening the ecological safety and human health. The application of antibiotics in the clinical and animals breeding, making the environmental microorganisms living with the impact of the residue of antibiotics and elements of resistance genetic and leading to antibiotic resistant bacteria to gain a competitive advantage and destroyed the stability of ecosystem. In this paper, we expounded the concept of resistance gene transmission by the view of macro environment. Through analyzing the mechanism of resistance development,environmental pollution caused by drug resistance and the impact of environmental microorganism for drug resistance, we clarified the key role of the environment in the development of the characteristics of bacterial resistance and analysis environmental resistance.Such as the ecological diversity of flora, the types and the spread of resistant bacteria, the residues of antibiotics and the transmission of the resistance genes.     

亚龙湾海域生态旅游及环境保护

从地理位置、水质及沉积物、红树林、珊瑚礁海岸等方面介绍亚龙湾生态自然环境特点，分析其生态旅游发展现状、形式及成效，提出对亚龙湾生态环境保护的建议。     

Challenges in developing and implementing a decision support systems (ETÇAP) in forest management planning: a case study in Honaz and Ibradı, Turkey

Decision support systems (DSSs) are indispensable tools in preparing a forest management plan for a better combination of multiple forest values. This study attempted to develop and explain a stand-based forest management DSS (Ecosystem-based multiple-use forest planning [ETÇAP]) comprising a traditional simulation, linear programming (LP), metaheuristics and geographic information system. The model consists of five submodels; traditional management approach to handle inventory data, an empirical growth and yield model, a simulation to conceptualize management actions, a LP technique to optimize resource allocation and a simulated annealing approach to directly create a spatially feasible harvest schedule. The ETÇAP model has been implemented in a comparative two case study areas; Denizli–Honaz and Akseki–Ibrad?. Both simulation and optimization models outperformed to the traditional management plan. The periodical change of growing stock, allowable cuts, carbon sequestration and water production are used as performance indicators. The results showed that more amount of wood could be harvested over time compared to traditional level of harvesting. It could be concluded that various management strategies allowed managers to stimulate more decision options for better outputs through intertemporal trade-offs of management interventions as the model provided tools to quantify forest dynamics over time and space. Challenges exist to establish the functional relationships between forest structure and values for better quantification and integration into the management plans.     

葛洪环境美学思想研究

道教历来的修炼思想中对环境有着特殊的要求，明确地将山水之好与宗教的修炼活动相联系的，当推东晋著名的道教学者葛洪。他对修炼环境的选择体现了以“道法自然”为原则，以“长生久视”为最终目的，以“神秘主义”为特质的环境美学思想。