虱螨脲80%水分散粒剂的研制

虱螨脲属高效低毒的苯甲酰脲类杀虫剂,主要用于防治玉米、蔬菜、棉花、果树等鳞翅目等幼虫;另外,虱螨脲也可用于防治宠物身上和公共场所的跳蚤[1]。我们通过该药的特点,对其水性化高含量农药制剂进行了研究,并确定了最佳配方。对该产品的崩解性、悬浮率、分散性、润湿性和稳定性进行了测定。研究结果表明产品各项技术指标和热贮稳定性测定均达到水分散粒剂的质量指标。     

营养和环境因子对东亚小花蝽生殖的影响

本文研究北京苹果园三种杂草,蚜虫及环境因子对东亚小花蝽生殖的影响。结果表明,越冬代东亚小花蝽在苹果园３月下旬卵巢开始发育,４月初卵巢成熟,并开始产卵。夏至草（Ｌａｇｏｐｓｉｓｓｕｐｉｎａ）甘野菊（Ｄｅｎｄｒａｎｔｈｅｒｎａｂｏｒｅｄｌｅ）和泥胡菜（Ｈｅｍｉｓｔｅｐｔａｌｙｒａｔａ）是东亚小花蝽越冬和早春繁衍的主要场所。室内饲养的小花蝽在３种无蚜虫感染的杂草上均能产卵,但产卵量极低,在带有蚜虫的３种     

Differences in the progress of the biopesticide revolution between the EU and other major crop‐growing regions

The five‐year value in the compound annual growth rate of the biopesticides sector is predicted to be 16% by 2017 and to produce a global market worth $US 10 billion. Despite this, several impediments occur within the EU that negatively affect biopesticide research and innovation. At present, there are fewer biopesticide‐active substances registered in the EU compared with the United States, India, Brazil and China. The relatively low level of biopesticide research in the EU (6880 ISI papers) versus the United States (18 839), India (9501) and China (7875) relates to the greater complexity of EU‐based biopesticide regulations compared with these other countries. In this light, it is worth noting that tensions may exist between regulators that emphasise the beneficial nature of biopesticides in environmentally friendly crop management and those that adopt a more technologically based approach dependent on a chemical‐pesticide‐driven model. Compared with the other aforementioned countries, far fewer biopesticide products are available in the EU market, mainly as a direct result of the severe regulatory factors present there. The extent to which this trend will continue depends largely on a range of interacting political and/or regulatory decisions that influence environmentally friendly agricultural industries. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry     

夏季采用湿帘通风系统的密闭式肉种鸡舍温热环境因子的变化

选择华南农业大学增城正大肉鸡发展中心的肉种鸡舍为研究对象,在夏季分别对该鸡舍的气温、气湿、风速等温热环境因子进行测定,用以评价该鸡舍采用的湿帘通风系统对鸡舍内温热环境因子的调节效果。结果表明,夏季采用湿帘通风系统的鸡舍平均舍温比舍外气温低3~4℃,相对湿度保持在80%左右;夏季采用湿帘通风系统可以有效地降低舍温,主要表现为前端降温效果明显,后部降温效果有所下降;中间比两侧的降温效果好。表明夏季采用湿帘通风系统对种鸡舍内的温热环境控制较好。     

张掖市甘州城区及外围地下水位上升原因分析

采用传统的水均衡方法及环境同位素分析、氟里昂测年等技术,结合地震、地面物探、气象水文及地下水流场分析手段,分析了甘州城区及其外围地下水位上升的原因。结果表明:实施"黑河流域节水灌溉综合治理工程"引起水资源利用分配格局的变化不是引起地下水位大面积上升的原因;水位上升区第四系深层承压水与祁连山基岩裂隙水具有相同的水文地球化学特征和环境同位素特征。其结论:张掖盆地中心地带基底存在与祁连山区相连的北西向深大断裂带一直存在少量,且稳定的地下水越流补给量;自2003年10月山丹、民乐发生大地震以后,使得祁连山山前及盆地内基底断裂活动加剧,同时断裂活动错断了第四系松散层内的隔水层,基底断裂带变为导水通道,加快了祁连山区基岩裂隙水沿着这个通道向上越流补给盆地第四系孔隙水的速度,增大了越流补给量,使盆地地下水补给量大于排泄量,造成地下水位大面积上升。     

《农业环境科学学报》2022年刊出论文简评

本文简要地介绍了2022年《农业环境科学学报》刊出论文的总体情况和农业环境领域当前的研究热点,重点评述了土壤环境、环境健康与农产品安全、废弃物处理及资源化利用、农业与全球变化领域刊出的论文,总结了当前这些领域重点关注的科学问题及取得的主要进展。     

典型海域生境修复与生物资源养护研究进展与展望

海洋牧场建设是实现我国近海渔业资源恢复、生态系统和谐发展与蓝碳增汇的重要途径。近年来,在快速发展的同时也面临着诸多问题与挑战,极大制约了产业的健康发展。在海洋牧场建设过程中,关于生境营造和资源增殖的基础理论薄弱,对其生态系统稳定性与抗干扰能力认识不清,尤其对小尺度海洋牧场生态系统的结构及其功能实现过程,以及生态承载力知之甚少。亟需针对其人工鱼礁等生境营造的环境效应和增殖放流的资源补充效应开展理论印证和定量研究,以充分认识这些人为扰动的双重性。本文查阅了相关文献90余篇,简要回顾了国内外关于人工鱼礁生境营造的水动力环境特征、生源要素迁移过程、生物群落构建机制和局地生态系统稳定性评价等方面的研究进展。强调了小尺度海洋牧场生态系统结构的复杂性与动态性,重点关注了鱼礁群布局对牧场海域水动力环境、沉积物和生源要素演变的影响,以及在增殖放流等人为扰动下生物群落的物种共存机制。围绕海洋牧场生态系统稳定性与抗干扰能力等关键问题,从水动力驱动、生源要素表征、生物群落重建及生态系统健康等4个方面探讨了目前研究的不足与发展方向,以为海洋牧场人工鱼礁、海藻床等生境营造以及资源修复模式优化提供参考。

     

Environmental exposure to residues after aerial spraying of endosulfan: residues in cow milk,fish, water,soil and cashew leaf in Kasargode,Kerala, India

A detailed study has been conducted to evaluate the residues of endosulfan and its principal metabolite (alpha-endosulfan, beta-endosulfan and endosulfan sulfate) which may have accumulated in environmental samples due to regular aerial spray application of endosulfan on cashew leaf plantation for a period of 20 years. Three months after the last spray of endosulfan 350 g litre-1 EC at 300 ml acre-1 (equivalent to 105 g AI acre-1 = 42.5 g ha-1), a total of 93 samples of cow milk, fish, water, soil and dried cashew leaf were collected from a village in Kasargode District, Kerala, India, where endosulfan contamination was likely to have occurred. All the samples were analyzed for total residues of endosulfan (comprising alpha- and beta-endosulfan), endosulfan sulfate and also the potential hydrolysis product endosulfan diol, using gas chromatography with electron capture detection. The minimum detection limits of total endosulfan was 0.001 microgram g-1. Analysis of soil samples showed the deposition of total endosulfan residues in the range < 0.001-0.010 microgram g-1, and dried leaf samples showed residues of endosulfan in the range < 0.001-3.43 micrograms g-1 dry weight. In cow milk, fish and water, endosulfan residues could not be detected above the minimum detection limit. Endosulfan diol was not observed in any sample. The data obtained was confirmed by GC-MS-EI using selective ion monitoring (SIM) mode.     

陕甘宁老区建立生态特区的必要性分析

本文从历史与现状方面分析了陕甘宁老区加强生态环境建设的必要性。阐述了陕甘宁老区历史上范围的变化及其对中国革命和经济建设的贡献。从多方面分析了它的自然条件 ,揭示了其自然环境的脆弱性。说明了该区经济建设取得的成就和存在的问题 ,揭示了其贫困落后的社会经济状况。提出了在该区建立生态特区以促进其生态环境建设的观点。     

近50年兰州城市空间扩展模拟及其未来预测

利用高分辨率航片、Landsat TM影像和土地利用现状图,建立兰州市1949-2005年城市扩展G IS空间数据库,应用改进的SLEUTH模型,重建兰州市1949-2005年城市空间扩展过程,并情景模拟未来扩展趋势。采用两种不同历史年份跨度情景、校准SLEUTH模型。研究表明:该模型客观地重建了兰州市1949-2005年城市动态扩展过程;两种不同情景预测仍将继续沿河谷扩散发展,在城市增长方式与空间分布上既相似又有显著差异:情景1预测城市扩展趋势快于情景2预测,更接近于现实城市扩展趋势;情景2预测对城市扩展控制较严格,更趋向于可持续发展。建议近期内加强兰州建成区内部土地利用空间结构优化与空间置换,进而加快城市职能的空间置换,同时为未来发展预留一定的土地储备和发展空间。