广州市林业发展现状及其方向研究

文章分析了广州市林业的发展现状及存在的问题，并对今后广州林业的发展方向提出了合理建议。     

湖北神农架大九湖湿地鸟类研究

采用样线法及样点法相结合的方法,对湖北神农架大九湖国家湿地公园鸟类进行了近5年的观察研究。共记录到鸟类16目44科96属136种,其中,雀形目83种,非雀形目53种;水鸟28种,占湿地公园鸟类种数的20%;东洋种53种(39%)、古北种38种(27.9%)、广布种45种(33.1%);留鸟78种(57.4%)、夏候鸟38种(27.9%)、冬候鸟15种(11%)、旅鸟5种(3.7%)。大九湖国家湿地公园共有国家和湖北省重点保护鸟类40种,其中国家Ⅰ级保护鸟类3种,国家Ⅱ级保护鸟类11种;有湖北省重点保护鸟类26种。提出了大九湖国家湿地公园鸟类保护对策,为湿地公园鸟类的保护提供科学依据。     

林木绿化工程改善工业污染区生态环境的研究

通过对广州市员村工业区２０个监测点的大气监测资料及天河区环境监测站１９８９年～１９９４年连续６ａ大气监测资料，运用模糊数学进行环境现状及回顾评价，采用统计方法进行方差分析，并用灰色系统理论建立污染物时空分布模型，找出污染物分布规律，获得员村地区环境现状及发展趋势的基本资料．同时在对员村植被与绿化现状调查研究基础上，依据环境生态及生态园林理论和国家一级大气环境质量标准，组建高效的自然净化系统．     

Palms in Indigenous and Settler Communities in Southeastern Ecuador: Farmers’ Perceptions and Cultivation Practices

Most palms used in agroforestry systems are exploited from wild stands or are only occasionally cultivated, while only a few palms have been domesticated. In this study we investigated how socio-economic factors and people's perceptions of changes in palm use and availability, influenced palm cultivation among indigenous Shuar and mestizo settlers in south-eastern Ecuador. We also looked at how different uses of palms influenced which species they cultivated. Our results showed that perceptions of declining palm availability in combination with heavy reliance on palm products was positively related to palm cultivation. Hence, cultivation was more common in more remote villages where alternative products were hard to get. In addition, palm cultivation was more common among wealthier people and among indigenous people than among recent settlers. This points to a limiting role of assets such as land and to the importance of history and culture with regard to cultivation. It was not possible to identify any single palm use as the primary reason for cultivating a species, but the more uses a species had, the more likely it was to be cultivated. These findings have important implications for development projects that promote cultivation of palms and other long-lived tree crops. They illustrate how market access and lack of necessary assets may undermine cultivation of native species even though these are regarded as important resources.     

基于Internet的林业资源环境信息服务系统(FINFOSYS)研究

运用面向对象的思想和方法,设计并实现了基于Internet的林业资源环境信息服务系统——FINFOSYS,为林业资源和环境信息提供信息管理、信息共享、电子商务和分析决策等综合服务：在参照现有国家、行业相关标准的基础上,建立林业资源和环境信息共享标准和共享规范,在此基础上建立林业资源环境分布式网络数据库及共享网络系统;设计林业资源环境数据仓库,开展多维数据的在线分析、数据挖掘并建立网络运行的统计和分析模型,实现林业资源环境在线决策支持的网络系统;根据林业资源环境有偿信息的特点,设计电子商务系统,实现林业信息产品的网上交易和交流。     

中国生态区划分与评价和保护建设的研究（V）

生态区评价是国际上新近发展起来的一种科学方法和实践。有利解决资源开发利用保护生态环境的矛盾。中国生态区划分以地面景观为标准，并建立二级分类系统，区一亚区，同时充分利用政府行为。将全国共划分为10个一级生态区：天然林保护生态区、自然保护区生态区、水土保持生态区、防护林生态区、荒漠生态区、湿地生态区、林业生态区、草原生态区、农业生态区、青藏高原高寒生态区。     

TRUCK TRANSPORTING SYSTEM

COMPOSITlONOFTRUCKTRANS-PORTlNGSYSTEMTrucktransportingsystcl11x`as1nainlycomposedoftfanspoFtingthecksandtransp0rt-ingroads.TransportingtrUckandroadman-agementwasacomplicatedandconnectedsystem.Inthesystcm,theproductivity.oftral1sportingtrucksdependedontheconditionsoftransportingroads.Andtl1eusingtimeoftransportingtrucksalldroadsdepcndedontheirusingconditions.Now,themainproblemsofmanagementoftrllcktransportingsystemweretostudyanddeterminetl1emanagingmcthodandcnsuringn1easurcofhigl…     

Foresters' beliefs about farmers: a priority for social science research in social forestry

This study suggests that one of the most productive (and most neglected) uses of social science research in forestry development projects is to examine foresters' beliefs regarding rural peoples. This suggestion is illustrated with data from the Forestry Planning and Development Project, Pakistan's first nation-wide social forestry project.The operational component of this project, intended to assist small farmers to cultivate trees on their farmlands, ran into immediate difficulties. Many of the foresters involved insisted that small farmers were simply not interested in tree cultivation. A comprehensive base-line study subsequently was carried out to examine the validity of this belief. The results of this study (confirmed by the subsequent experience with the project in the field) varied markedly from the foresters' beliefs.While many of the foresters believed small farmers were opposed to having trees on their farms and would not agree to plant trees under the project, most farmers already had trees on their farms and expressed interest in planting more; while many foresters believed farmers would only be interested in planting large blocks of market-oriented exotics, most farmers requested small plantings of multi-purpose native trees; while many foresters believed farmers would plant trees only for market sale, most farmers requested trees to meet household needs for fuel and timber; and while many foresters did not think that increasing supplies of fuelwood could reduce the burning of dung, all of the evidence provided by the farmers suggested that it would.The disparity between farmer reality and forester belief is attributed to failures on the part of both foresters and social scientists — failure by foresters to distinguish their non-empirical beliefs about farmers from their empirically-based knowledge of trees, and failure by social scientists to recognize the belief systems of foresters as a legitimate and important object of study. Their study comprises three parts: finding out what the foresters think the farmers want, finding out from the farmers what they actually want, and then analyzing and explaining the differences.     

Above- and belowground biomass measurements in an unthinned stand of Sitka spruce (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Picea sitchensis</Emphasis> (Bong) Carr.)

Reporting carbon (C) stocks in tree biomass (above- and belowground) to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) should be transparent and verifiable. The development of nationally specific data is considered ‘good practice’ to assist in meeting these reporting requirements. From this study, biomass functions were developed for estimating above- and belowground C stock in a 19-year-old stand of Sitka spruce (Picea sitchensis (Bong) Carr.). Our estimates were then tested against current default values used for reporting in Ireland and literature equations. Ten trees were destructively sampled to develop aboveground and tree component biomass equations. The roots were excavated and a root:shoot (R) ratio developed to estimate belowground biomass. Application of the total aboveground biomass function yielded a C stock estimate for the stand of 74 tonnes C ha⁻¹, with an uncertainty of 7%. The R ratio was determined to be 0.23, with an uncertainty of 10%. The C stock estimate of the belowground biomass component was then calculated to be 17 tonnes C ha⁻¹, with an uncertainty of 12%. The equivalent C stock estimate from the biomass expansion factor (BEF) method, applying Ireland’s currently reported default values for BEF (inclusive of belowground biomass), wood density and C concentration and methods for estimating volume, was found to be 60 tonnes C ha⁻¹, with an uncertainty of 26%. We found that volume tables, currently used for determining merchantable timber volume in Irish forestry conditions, underestimated volume since they did not extend to the yield of the forest under investigation. Mean stock values for belowground biomass compared well with that generated using published models.     

北海湿地保护区植被类型及其环境状况的研究

腾冲北海湿地属“漂浮状苔草沼泽湿地”，植被类型丰富，物种多样性程度高。由于过度的农田开垦和森林砍伐，加之外来有害物种的不断侵入，湿地生境改变，导致生态系统功能降低、生物多样性流失严重。通过对北海湿地植被资源与环境的调查研究，分析了北海湿地保护区的植被类型、环境状况及其保护对策。