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61.
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《Land Degradation \u0026amp; Development》2017,28(7):2137-2145
Clear, degradable polymer films are used with agricultural crops to alter the germination and growing environment and extend the length of the growing season. The film acts like a greenhouse, elevating temperatures and improving soil water. We examined the potential of polymer film to improve emergence and persistence of direct‐seeded native vegetation. A seed mix comprising three tree species and two shrubs was sown in early August 2015, with and without polymer film. The effect of duration of polymer film (from 0–10 weeks) on emergence and persistence was tested, and the effects of polymer film on temperature and soil moisture were monitored. Our hypothesis that polymer film would improve emergence was partially supported, with between 6 and 10 weeks of polymer film coverage increasing emergence of small‐seeded species above the level of the Control. The polymer film increased temperatures by an average of 5 °C and volumetric water content by up to 10%, compared with ambient conditions, and reduced fluctuations in soil moisture, which may have contributed to the increased emergence observed. Emergence was low across all treatments (range 0·2–47%). Our hypothesis that polymer film would improve persistence was not supported, with seedling numbers declining rapidly following removal of the polymer film and no differences between treatments in percentage persistence by the end of the experiment. We concluded that polymer film is a potentially useful tool for improving emergence of smaller‐seeded species in direct seeding for land restoration, although provided no benefit for emergence of the larger‐seeded species. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
63.
本试验在阿拉尔垦区选取不同质地土壤地块,研究干播湿出技术对棉花生长发育和产量的影响。结果表明:不同土壤质地干播湿出模式下棉花出苗率差异不大,整体出苗情况良好;沙质土棉田株高高于壤质土和黏质土,初期差异明显,后期差异逐渐变小;不同土壤质地棉田果枝薹数差异不明显,生育后期壤质土铃数最多;土壤碱解氮和有效磷的含量为壤质土>黏质土>沙质土,土壤速效钾的含量为黏质土>壤质土>沙质土,土壤含盐量为黏质土>沙质土>壤质土,棉花产量为壤质土>沙质土>黏质土。综合来看,壤质土为干播湿出技术的应用提供了最有利的条件,可促进棉花生长发育和对土壤速效养分的吸收,从而获得较高产量。 相似文献
64.
Summary Selected races, populations and genotypes of maize (Zea mays L.) from regions where maize is sown under cool conditions were evaluated in controlled-environment rooms for time to seedling emergence and percentage emergence at low temperatures. The objective of the study was to identify populations with the ability to emerge more rapidly and more reliably than Cornbelt Dent, the race most widely used to produce cultivars for temperate regions.Several populations emerged markedly faster and more reliably than Cornbelt Dent populations. All of these populations contained germplasm of highland Mexican origin, except for Gaspé Flint, and the fastest population in each experiment always contained a high proportion of germplasm from the Cónico race. The advantage of populations containing Cónico germplasm was greatest in environments where emergence was slowest. 相似文献
65.
J. Hoogendoorn 《Euphytica》1985,34(2):545-558
Summary A reciprocal F1 monosomic analysis of chromosomal differences between Spica and Bersée was carried out under controlled environment conditions. Chromosomes associated with differences in days to ear emergence, number of leaves and number of spikelets were identified. The results indicated that chromosome 2B of Spica carries a photoperiod insensitivity allele at the Ppd
2 locus. Both Spica and Bersée appear to have a vernalization insensitity allele at the Vrn
2 locus on chromosome 5B. On chromosome 3A, 4B, 4D and 6B factors were found with major effects on earliness per se, diffeences in ear emergence and number of spikelets which were independent of photoperiod and vernalization. The possibility that these factors influence growth rate is discussed. 相似文献
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67.
Seedling emergence,coleoptile length,and plant height relationships in crosses of dwarf and standard-height wheats 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Summary Seedling emergence was closely correlated with coleoptile length and plant height among parents, F2 and F3, populations of crosses involving dwarf wheats Olesen Dwarf (CI 14497), Norin 10 derivative D6301, Tom Thumb derivative D6899, and the standard-height varieties Ramona 50 and Nainari 60. Genetic mechanisms that governed plant height also influenced coleoptile length, but the relative effects of genes showing dominant or epistatic effects appeared to be different. With respect to the two parents involved in each of 15 crosses, mean F2 coleoptile lengths were consistently closer to the low parent value than were corresponding mean F2 plant heights. A slight curvilinear relationship was also found between coleoptile length and plant height of F3 lines. The results suggest that selection of semidwarf wheats with long coleoptiles and improved emergence properties from crosses involving the dwarf wheats of this study would be unlikely. 相似文献
68.
69.
In barley, high seed vigour is a precondition for rapid and homogenous field emergence and good malting quality. Seed vigour was defined as germination percentage under stress conditions (10°C, drought stress ‐ 2 Bars) in 7‐8 barley varieties grown in 7‐8 locations in the Czech Republic over 7 years. Three of the 7 years were not suitable for high seed quality, probably because of unsuitable weather, as average seed vigour reached only 61, 77 and 86%, respectively. In the remaining 4 years, the average vigour exceeded 94%. The impact of variety on seed vigour was higher in the ‘bad years’ and the impact of location was higher in the other years. Varieties with higher vigour from all locations in the ‘bad years’ were identified. Lower vigour was related to the high occurrence of fungi (indicated by ergosterol assays) and to lower field emergence rates of seed samples. The results support the possibility of selecting for improvement of barley seed vigour, which is related to tolerance to various conditions during emergence and to homogenous malting. 相似文献
70.