旅游设施工程规划浅述

在概述旅游区规划层次、旅游区规划程序、旅游区设施工程规划程序的基础上,探讨了旅游区交通规划、建筑规划、其他设施工程规划,提出以科学发展观为指导,从建设生态旅游区和建设和谐社区两方面来创新、构建新型旅游区。     

山地植物群落生物多样性与生物生产力海拔梯度变化研究进展

文中从生物学谱中群落和生态系统尺度，根据国内外的野外观测文献，总结了山地植被在群落生物多样性和生物生产力2方面的海拔梯度变化特征，以及群落生物生产力与生物多样性的关系，并提出目前该领域研究的几个热点问题。     

海拔对锥栗品种抗栗瘿蜂性表达的影响

通过调查不同海拔锥栗林分和锥栗品种受栗瘿蜂危害的情况,研究海拔对锥栗抗栗瘿蜂性表达的影响。结果表明:高海拔不利于锥栗抗栗瘿蜂性的表达;品种抗栗瘿蜂性在不同海拔地区的表达程度与品种抗性大小有关,品种抗性越高,其抗虫性表达受海拔的影响越小,在高海拔地区越能体现其对栗瘿蜂的抑制作用。     

科技创新是提高我国木工机械企业市场竞争力的根本途径

阐述了中国木工机械企业应坚持以科技创新提升企业市场竞争力,人才和体制创新是实现企业创新及提升市场竞争力的根本途径.提出科技创新的基本定义和实现方法,指出我国企业市场竞争力提升的最佳方向.介绍了国外企业如何依靠科技创新开发新产品来提升市场竞争力,为企业推出具有创新品牌的产品指明了方向.     

宁夏清水河产业带新型城镇化与房地产业耦合发展空间分析

基于新型城镇化与房地产业耦合发展为视角,建立了宁夏清水河产业带新型城镇化与房地产业发展耦合度评价指标体系,借助耦合协调度模型与耦合发展度模型,对该区10个县(区)单元的新型城镇化与房地产业发展的耦合关系进行空间分析。结果表明：① 研究区新型城镇化与房地产业整体协调度处于磨合阶段,系统之间相互作用与影响力显著,但并没有达到协调水平,协调度最高的是同心县,最低的是红寺堡区;② 新型城镇化与房地产业整体发展度处于中等水平,且空间格局差异较大,耦合发展度最高的是沙坡头区,最低的是红寺堡区;③ 依据耦合协调度与发展度的组合可将研究区新型城镇化与房地产业发展耦合关系分为4大类型：高发展协调区、高发展磨合区、中发展拮抗区、低发展拮抗区。建议在未来新型城镇化建设过程中政府应因城因地的采取差别化的房地产宏观调控政策,促进房地产业发展与新型城镇化建设的协调关系。     

Conversion of cropland into agroforestry land versus naturally-restored grassland alters soil macro-faunal diversity and trophic structure in the semi-arid agro-pasture zone of northern China

Restoration of cropland(termed 'Farm') after abandonment including shrubs(termed 'Shrub'),trees(termed 'Tree') and natural grassland(termed 'Grass') has become a routine process aimed to improve land productivity and control desertification. During this restoration process, soil macro-faunal diversity, and trophic structure were investigated at four types of sites(Farm, Shrub, Tree, and Grass)during growing season in the semi-arid agro-pasture zone of northern China. Results indicated that the Staphylinidae family was found to dominate at the Grass, Shrub, and Tree sites, whiles larval Pyralidae individuals were found at the Grass site only. The density of the omnivores(i.e., Formicidae family) was significantly(P<0.05) greater at the Grass site than at the Tree and Farm sites. The total density and richness of predator and phytophages were found to be markedly(P<0.05) greater at the Grass site than at the Farm site. Meanwhile, we found the taxon richness of predators was significantly(P<0.05) higher at the Shrub site than at the Farm and Tree sites. Compared with the Farm and afforested Shrub/Tree sites,the Grass site had greater density, taxon richness, and Shannon index(P<0.05). In conclusion, natural restoration of abandoned croplands toward grassland was an effective strategy relative to artificial afforestation for improvement of soil biological diversity. Moreover, planting shrub is a preferable measure in abandoned croplands for land development in the semi-arid agro-pasture zone of northern China.     

Spatio-temporal variation of soil moisture in a fixed dune at the southern edge of the Gurbantunggut Desert in Xinjiang,China

Soil moisture is critical for vegetation growth in deserts. However, detailed dataregarding the soil moisture distribution in space and time in the Gurbantunggut Desert have not yet been reported. In this study, we conducted a series ofinsitu observation experiments in a fixed sand dune at the southern edge of the GurbantunggutDesert from February 2014 to October 2016, to explore the spatio-temporal variation of soil moisture content, investigate the impact of Haloxylonammodendron (C. A. Mey.) Bungeon soil moisture content in its root zone, and examine the factors influencing the soil moisture spatial pattern. One-way analysis of variance,least significant difference testsand correlation analysis were used to analyze the data. The results revealed that the soil moisture content exhibited annual periodicity and the temporal variation of soil moisture content throughout a year could be divided into three periods, namely, a moisture-gaining period, a moisture-losing period and a moisture-stable period.According to the temporal and spatial variability, the 0-400 cm soil profile could be divided into two layers: an active layer with moderate variability and a stable layer with weak variability.The temporal variability was larger than the spatial variability in the active layer,and the mean profile soil moisture content at different slope positions displayed the trend of decreasing with increasing relative heightand mainly followed the order of interdunearea>westand east slopes>slope top.The mean profile soil moisture content in the root zone of dead H. ammodendronindividuals was significantly higher than that in the root zones of adult and young individuals, while the soil moisture content in the root zone of adult individuals was slightly higher than that in the root zone of young individuals with no significant difference.The spatial pattern of soil moisture was attributable to the combined effects of snowfall, vegetation and soil texture, whereas the effects of rainfall and evaporation were not significant. The findings may offer a foundation for the management of sandy soil moisture and vegetation restoration in arid areas.     

The efficiency of nitrogen in cattle manures when applied to a double‐annual forage cropping system

The use of cattle manure (CM) for fertilization presents challenges for optimizing nitrogen (N) use. Our work aimed to assess N efficiencies, in a 6‐year experiment with three biennial rotations of four crops: oat–sorghum (first year) and ryegrass–maize (second year) in a rainfed humid Mediterranean area of Spain. Fertilization treatments included the following: control (no N), 250 kg mineral N ha^?1 year^?1 (250MN), three CM rates (supplying 170, 250 and 500 kg N ha^?1 year^?1) and four treatments where the two lowest CM rates were complemented with either 80 or 160 kg mineral N ha^?1 year^?1. Treatments were distributed randomly in each of three blocks. Maximum dry‐matter yield (~44–49 t ha^?1 rotation^?1) was achieved in the third rotation, and only the control and the 170CM yielded significantly less. Within the limitations of the EU Nitrate Directive, the N steady state supply of 170CM always requires a complement of mineral N (80 kg N ha^?1) to maximize N agronomic efficiency. The maximum N‐fertilizer replacement value (250CM vs. 250MN) was 0·67, without significant differences between the two treatments in other N‐related efficiency indexes, which indicates that plants took advantage of residual‐N effects. Nitrogen losses by leaching in the 250CM treatment were around 5–7% of the N applied. This reinforces the sustainability of manure recycling in long cropping seasons.     

滴灌紫花苜蓿根层水分稳定同位素特征分析

为了明确滴灌紫花苜蓿根层水分运移,进一步阐明滴灌节水机理,采用液态水稳定氢氧同位素技术,分析了滴灌紫花苜蓿根层水分稳定氢氧同位素分布特征。结果表明,紫花苜蓿根层水分稳定氢氧同位素在下层富集,且随土壤剖面深度的增加同位素富集量有增加的趋势。滴灌条件下,紫花苜蓿根层发育有较多细根,可迅速而高效地利用灌溉水,灌溉后紫花苜蓿对灌溉水的利用不明确偏向于某一深度土层,根层内各土层土壤水均有利用。灌溉前土壤干旱时,滴灌紫花苜蓿以30 cm上下土层土壤水作为主要水分来源的概率较高。