蝗虫微孢子与昆虫生长调节剂协同控制草原蝗虫作用机制

蝗虫微孢子（Paranosema locustae, PL）是重要的防蝗生物制剂,其与昆虫生长调节剂（insect growth regulator, IGR）协同使用有利于蝗虫可持续治理。本文通过田间超低喷雾和扫网调查等方法在青海蝗区开展协调应用PL和IGR防治草原蝗虫的作用及其机理研究。首先明确青海蝗区的主要蝗虫种类为宽须蚁蝗Myrmeleotettix palpalis、小翅雏蝗Chorthippus fallax、狭翅雏蝗Chorthippus dubius、毛足棒角蝗Dasyhippus harbipes、鼓翅皱膝蝗Angaracris barabensis等;结果证明PL与IGR协调应用,可有效抑制草原蝗虫种群增长,且可保持存活蝗虫感病率在较高水平,对优势种宽须蚁蝗和小翅雏蝗等的持续控制作用明显。结果明确了微生物制剂和IGR协同防治蝗虫的短期与长期、速效与长效的协同作用,为防治高密度蝗虫提供新的绿色防控策略。     

基于动物福利视角的规模化奶牛养殖场经济效应分析

本研究遵循动物福利"5F"原则,结合150家规模化奶牛养殖场实地调研数据,构建奶牛场动物福利评价体系,测度动物福利水平,并进一步建立嵌入动物福利水平测度值的规模化奶牛养殖场收入函数,验证关联效应.结果表明:生理福利和环境福利是影响我国规模化奶牛养殖场动物福利的最重要的2个维度,受访的规模化奶牛养殖场生理福利和环境福利的...     

大豆抗原蛋白对幼龄动物致敏作用的研究进展

大豆抗原蛋白对幼龄动物的致敏作用及不易灭活性使其成为大豆及其制品在动物养殖中有效利用的主要瓶颈。本文从主要抗原蛋白的特性、致敏机制、对幼龄动物的影响、降低抗原蛋白的方法及有待进一步探索问题等方面进行了阐述,旨在为高效利用大豆及其制品,以及进一步深入研究提供参考。     

载牛冠状病毒N蛋白壳聚糖微球的免疫效果评价

为了对壳聚糖分子作为佐剂的缓释效果进行免疫学评价,本研究合成了牛冠状病毒DB2毒株N蛋白基因的3'端第487位～1287位碱基,用大肠杆菌对其进行了高效表达,通过SDS-PAGE电泳分离、电洗脱纯化该牛冠状病毒N蛋白(BCV N).以戊二醛为交联剂,采用乳化交联的方法制备空白壳聚糖微球.利用吸附法制备载BCVN蛋白的壳聚糖微球,通过肌肉注射途径免疫BALB/c小鼠,用间接ELISA方法检测免疫鼠血清中的抗体水平,由此评价壳聚糖微球对BCVN的缓释作用和佐剂效应.结果表明,壳聚糖微球的形态较好、表面光滑、分散性较好,平均粒径为6.50±1.77μm,电势分布在36 mV,吸附BCV N蛋白的壳聚糖微球在体内所产生的免疫效果明显优于唯N蛋白组,说明载BCV N蛋白的壳聚糖微球在体内具有一定的缓释效果,使N蛋白在体内缓慢释放而长时间诱导抗体的产生,该研究结果为以壳聚糖微球作为疫苗佐剂积累了实验数据.     

病芽的不同处理对桑赤锈病流行的影响

在完全开放的自然环境中,桑赤锈病发病初期病芽的两种不同处理,对桑赤锈病流行趋势的影响是不同的,不剥除病芽处理区病情呈快速增长状态,拟合方程为:Y=5.82654-1.18242X 0.24296X2;剥除病芽处理区,病情稳定在较低水平,拟合方程为:Y=5.08598-2.6384X 0.4225X2-0.01865X3;方差分析表明,不同处理间的差异达到显著水平.二方程进行显著性检验分别达到了极显著和显著水平.说明剥除发病初期病芽对控制桑赤锈病流行效果显著,也可实现对桑赤锈病的可持续控制.     

家兔豆状囊尾蚴病用药效果观察

在家兔的寄生虫病中,除球虫病和疥癣外,豆状囊尾蚴(豆状带绦虫的幼虫)所引起的疾病是较普遍和较严重的一种。由于临床用药不规范,治疗效果欠佳,严重影响了养兔专业户的经济效益和养兔业的发展,因此,本文将近几年的病例资料加以整理,得出治疗豆状囊尾蚴病的首选药是甲苯咪唑。     

柞蚕饲料转化效率的遗传模型与基因效应值的估算

利用2对柞蚕杂交组合8821×四青、8822×青6号的6个世代材料,对柞蚕茧重转化率和茧层生产率两个数量性状进行了遗传分析,结果表明:茧重转化率的基因作用复杂,不符合加-显性遗传模型,存在着基因互作,且显性互作大于显性效应,使茧重转化率增加;茧层生产率的基因作用符合简单的加-显性遗传模型,显性效应为正值,使茧层生产率增加。     

论甘南高原生态建设与可持续发展战略

简述了甘南高原区的自然地理特点,分析了甘南高原区的主要生态环境问题及其成因;指出甘南高原的生态地位十分重要,其生态环境严重恶化的状况已直接威胁到本区域乃至黄河、长江流域社会经济的可持续发展,大力开展生态保护与生态建设已刻不容缓,提出了甘南高原区生态保护、生态建设与可持续发展的对策建议。     

甘南生态经济建设支撑体系研究(三)--生态产业的选择与培育

生态产业的选择与培育是甘南生态经济建设的关键。通过分析以生态产业替代传统的生态破坏型产业来保证甘南区域可持续发展的背景和意义，提出了生态产业选择的原则，构建了甘南生态产业体系，并对该产业体系整体功能发挥和各自产业的效益回收所需的保障机制作了深入研究。     

Fit of Wood's function to daily milk records and estimation of environmental and additive and non-additive genetic effects on lactation curve and lactation parameters of crossbred dual purpose cattle

The objectives of this study were to estimate the environmental and additive and non-additive genetic effects on lactation curve and lactation parameters of crosses of Holstein (H), Brahman (B) and Brown Swiss (BS) in Olancho region in Honduras. The data consisted of 54,517 milk yield records from 192 dual-purpose crossbred cows lactating from 2000 to 2005 at the Universidad Nacional de Agricultura de Honduras (UNA). The lactation curve and lactation parameters of interest were the scaling factor to represent yield at the beginning of lactation (a), the factor associated with the inclining (b) and declining (c) slopes of the lactation curves, and the milk yield at initial day of lactation (MY₂₀), peak milk yield (MY_max), day at peak milk yield (t_max), and the total milk yield (TM) per lactation, respectively. The incomplete gamma function (Wood function) was used to estimate lactation curve and lactation parameters from daily milk records of H × B, H × BS and BS × B crossbred cows. The environmental, additive and non-additive genetic effects on lactation curve and lactation parameters were estimated using Dickerson and Kinghorn models. The coefficients of determination of fitness of Wood's function (R²) ranged from 80% to 97% with an average of 93%. The lactation curve of the crossbred cows was similar to those reported for dairy cows grazing in the tropics. Lactation parameters such as MY_max, t_max and TM were significantly (P < 0.05) influenced by environmental sources of variation suggesting the necessity of differential management strategies. The moderate to large positive phenotypic correlation of MY_max and TM indicate that one of the milk yield parameters could be used as a selection criterion to improve either one or both traits. Despite the fact that both genetic models showed similar patterns, the absolute value of the parameters varied. For both models, individual additive genetic breed effect for H breed were significant (P < 0.05) and contributed more to TM than the BS breed. In the Dickerson model, highly positive significant (P < 0.01) effect on TM for H×BS and BS×B crosses was found. The Kinghorn model did not show significant effects of dominance on this parameter. The estimate of recombination effect for all crosses involving B breed were negative and significant (P < 0.05) for positive correlated lactation curve parameters. Although the inclusion of non-additive effects on crossbreeding genetic effects were not all significant for lactation curve and lactation parameters, non-additive effects should be taken into account to improve the Honduran dairy cattle production management.