蚯蚓处理椰子废弃物和畜禽粪混合物的研究

通过将椰糠、椰子枯落叶分别与牛粪、鸡粪混合．按10条／hg风干堆料接种蚯蚓后．在相同的条件下饲养，分别于10、20、30、40d时测定蚯蚓的生长繁殖情况．以及测定蚯蚓处理有机肥前后的理化性状。结果表明，随着时间的增加，蚯蚓的均重、日增重、日繁殖倍数均呈现先增加后减少的趋势．且不同时期、不同组合间均差异显著（P〈O．05），以椰糠、椰子枯落叶和牛粪组合的生长繁殖优于椰子凋落叶和鸡粪组合：蚯蚓处理后有机肥的pH、有机碳含鼍和C／N下降，全氮和全磷含量上升，且碳含量和C／N在处理前后均达到显著水平．但pH和磷含量在蚯蚓处理前后均无显著差异。     

蚯蚓和食用菌废渣对土壤的综合改良作用

将食用菌废渣按不同比例加入土壤中（废菌渣∶土壤分别为0∶5、1∶5、2∶5、3∶5、4∶5和5∶5）,并放入蚯蚓,以此研究食用菌废渣和蚯蚓对土壤改良效果。结果表明,食用菌废渣和蚯蚓在培肥土壤和改善土壤结构中发挥重要作用,土壤中的有机质、全氮和全钾的含量得到增加,土壤团粒结构和容重等理化性质得到良好改变,并且随着废渣比例的增加,改良效果呈上升趋势。     

乐果和杀虫双污染对蚯蚓体内蛋白质含量的影响

近年来,土壤环境受到越来越严重的污染,其中一个很重要的原因是农药的滥用造成的,目前农药对土壤动物(尤其是蚯蚓)的影响受到极大重视并成为研究热点.为评价土壤的农药污染程度,选用乐果和杀虫双及其二者复合对蚯蚓进行染毒试验,采用滤纸法研究不同浓度农药污染对赤子爱蚯蚓体内蛋白质含量的影响.结果表明;蚯蚓体内蛋白质含量在乐果污染24h和48 h均比对照显著增加(P＜0.05)、随着乐果浓度的升高,蚯蚓体内蛋白质含量呈现出先增加后降低的趋势,而随杀虫双浓度的升高,蛋白质含量的影响没有明显的规律性;不同浓度处理之间差异显著(P＜0.05),同一浓度处理24 h和48 h之间有极显著的差异(P＜0.01);固定乐果浓度( 60 mg/kg)分别和不同浓度杀虫双处理24 h和48 h,蚯蚓体内蛋白质含量随着杀虫双浓度的升高,均呈现出升高—降低—升高的锯齿型变化曲线,各复合处理之间有显著差异(P＜0.05);回归分析结果表明,蚯蚓体内蛋白质含量与乐果和杀虫双浓度存在一定剂量-效应关系,其关系曲线均为抛物线型,乐果对蚯蚓体内蛋白质含量的影响高于杀虫双.因此可利用蚯蚓体内蛋白质含量的变化较好的指示乐果对蚯蚓的毒性作用,对杀虫双的毒性作用指示效果较乐果差.     

The apparent electrical conductivity as a surrogate variable for predicting earthworm abundances in tilled soils

Noninvasive geophysical methods have a great potential for improving soil‐biological studies at field or regional scales: they enable the rapid acquisition of soil information which may help to identify potential habitats for soil biota. A precondition for this application is the existence of close relationships between geophysical measurements and the soil organism of interest. This study was conducted to determine whether field measurements of apparent electrical conductivity (ECa) are related to abundances of earthworms in tilled soils. Relationships between ECa and earthworm populations were investigated along transects at 42 plots under reduced and conventional tillage at a 74 ha field on sandy‐loam soil in NE Germany. Relations were analyzed with linear‐regression and spatial analysis. The apparent electrical conductivity (ECa) was quantitatively related to earthworm abundances sampled 5 months after the geophysical measurements. No relationship was found, however, in plots under conventional tillage when analyzed separately. If earthworm abundances were known at every other location along the transects and if the state‐space approach was used for analysis, the analysis of ECa measurements and earthworm abundances indicated that 50% of the earthworm samples could have been substituted by ECa measurements. Further research is needed to fully evaluate the potential of ECa measurements for predicting earthworm habitats in tilled soil.     

毒死蜱和甲氰菊酯对蚯蚓毒性与安全评价研究

按照“化学农药环境安全评价试验准则”的规定,测定了2种常用农药毒死蜱和甲氰菊酯对蚯蚓的毒性。结果表明：对蚯蚓的LC50(7d)毒死蜱为89．25mg／kg,甲氰菊酯为142．4mg／kg;LC50(14d)毒死蜱为83．63mg／kg,甲氰菊酯为36．41mg／kg。供试2种农药对蚯蚓的毒性均为低毒。     

蚯蚓肽对小鼠非特异性免疫功能的影响

通过用不同剂量的蚯蚓肽(EP)对健康和免疫抑制小鼠灌胃15 d,观察EP对小鼠淋巴细胞增殖反应,巨噬细胞细胞毒效应以及巨噬细胞和脾细胞产生NO的影响,以探讨EP对小鼠非特异性免疫功能的影响。试验发现0.1,0.5 mg/mL组明显提高淋巴细胞增殖率,增强巨噬细胞细胞毒效应,提高巨噬细胞和脾细胞分泌NO的水平(P<0.0l),0.5 mg/mL明显提高免疫抑制小鼠的免疫功能(P<0.01)。结果表明:一定剂量下,EP具有调节免疫功能、拮抗环磷酰胺引起的免疫抑制的作用。     

寡氧单胞菌、水稻秸秆和蚯蚓协同修复Cr（Ⅵ）污染土壤

为探究水稻秸秆和蚯蚓联合抗Cr细菌对Cr污染土壤的修复效果和机制,本研究通过室内模拟试验探讨细菌(寡氧单胞菌,Stenotrophomonas sp.,F)、水稻秸秆(S)、细菌+水稻秸秆(SF)、水稻秸秆+蚯蚓(赤子爱胜蚓,Eisenia foetida,SE)和细菌+水稻秸秆+蚯蚓(SFE)对50、300 mg·kg^-1 Cr(Ⅵ)污染土壤的修复效果,生物有效态Cr的变化及总Cr和Cr(Ⅵ)在各粒径团聚体中的分布。结果表明：在试验早、中、后期各处理的总Cr和Cr(Ⅵ)去除率逐渐增加,在50、300 mg·kg^-1 Cr(Ⅵ)暴露后期SFE处理的总Cr和Cr(Ⅵ)去除率最高,其总Cr去除率分别为35.68%、35.29%,Cr(Ⅵ)去除率分别为99.28%、75.33%。SFE处理显著降低了土壤氧化还原电位,增加了土壤p H和有机质含量,并促进了微团聚体凝聚胶结为大团聚体。在0、50、300 mg·kg^-1 Cr(Ⅵ)暴露下SE处理大团聚体的占比最高,与CK相比分别增加了14.57、9.51、9.85个百分点,与SFE...     

辛硫磷、甲氰菊酯及其混剂对蚯蚓的毒性及安全性评价

以赤子爱胜蚯蚓（Ｅｉｓｅｎｉａ,ｆｏｅｌｉｄａ）和自然蚯蚓为试材,通过土壤法和滤纸膜片法测定了辛硫磷、甲氰菊酯及其混合剂三种农药对蚯蚓的ＬＤ５０影响。结果表明：辛硫磷、甲氰菊酯及其混剂土壤法和滤纸法对蚯蚓的ＬＤ５０分别为８．０,１．０８,２．６３ｍｇ／ｋｇ和１８．１６,７．４６,１１．６９ｍｇ／ｋｇ。三种农药对蚯蚓的毒性均属于中毒级     

Earthworm (Eudrillus euginae) multiplication through variable substrates

Three hundred adult healthy earthworms ( Eudrillus euginae ) ranging length and weight from 14–29 cm (mean 21.5 ± 6.8 cm) to 1.6–3.0 g (mean 2.55 ± 1.1 g), respectively, were cultured in three different substrate for 70 days. The substrates were soil alone, (control T-1), cow ( Bos taurus ) dung and water hyacinth ( Eichhornia crassipes ) (1 : 1 T-2), and partially dried neem ( Azadirachta indica ) leaves with kitchen waste (1 : 1 T-3). The earthworms were grown in these substrates in a wooden chamber (0.8 m × 0.5 m × 0.2 m) and these were subjected to monitoring for various growth patterns (length, biomass, number) at every fortnight (five observations) interval. The observations showed that T-2 was the best among the three treatments used. There was significant difference ( P  < 0.05) between the mean values of growth efficiency in food conversion among the treatments. However, there was no significant difference ( P  > 0.05) between the mean values of survival rate of earthworm among different treatments.