水貂绿脓杆菌分离鉴定及药物敏感性分析

本试验旨在通过对山东某水貂养殖场送检的5只具有典型出血性肺炎症状的病死水貂进行细菌分离鉴定及耐药情况分析,为临床用药和治疗提供依据和参考。通过细菌分离纯化、生化鉴定和PCR方法对分离菌株进行鉴定,采用K-B药敏法检测分离菌株对常用药物的敏感性,并通过PCR方法检测分离菌株耐药基因的携带情况。经鉴定共分离得到5株绿脓杆菌,药物敏感性试验结果显示,5株绿脓杆菌对氟喹诺酮类药物、第3代和第4代头孢类药物较敏感,对氨基糖苷类、四环素、氯霉素、青霉素类、第1代和第2代头孢类药物耐药。耐药基因检测结果显示,5株绿脓杆菌共检测出6种耐药基因aadA1、aac(3')-Ⅱc、aac(6')-Ⅰb、tetA、tetK、cat2。且每株分离菌均检测出3种以上耐药基因。结果表明,分离的5株菌株均为绿脓杆菌,主要引起水貂出血性肺炎。分离菌株耐药性较严重,主要表现为多重耐药现象。菌株携带的耐药基因呈多样性,可引起菌株对相应药物产生耐药现象。     

眼镜蛇缓慢葡萄球菌的分离鉴定与药敏试验

对广西南宁市某眼镜蛇养殖场送检的患病眼镜蛇进行病理剖检及病原菌分离鉴定,根据临床发病症状、病理变化、病理组织学检查、病原分离鉴定及致病力试验结果,确诊为缓慢葡萄球菌感染.该分离菌对小鼠有一定的致病性;药敏试验结果显示,分离菌对阿莫西林钠舒巴坦钠、头孢哌酮钠舒巴坦钠、氨苄西林钠、阿莫西林钠、苯唑西林钠、哌拉西林钠、阿米卡星敏感,对头孢曲松钠、氧氟沙星、利福平中介,对链霉素、林可霉素、磺胺间甲氧嘧啶、氟苯尼考、土霉素、诺氟沙星耐药.选择敏感抗生素阿莫西林钠舒巴坦钠添加在水和料中预防发病,患病眼镜蛇肌肉注射头孢哌酮钠舒巴坦钠,46条病蛇经一个疗程治疗,仅5条死亡,效果显著,蛇群无新病例发生,1周后逐渐恢复采食.     

脂质体递药系统设计思路及其兽药应用研究进展

脂质体作为一种优良的药物载体,具有载药范围广、高效、低毒等特点,能增加包载药物的稳定性和溶解度,赋予药物靶向和缓释的递药特性,并能有效提高药物的生物利用度,是近年来多领域研究和应用的热点。作者从脂质体的结构、粒径设计及制备方法筛选层面总结脂质体的构建思路,结合兽药应用特点和用药需求归纳脂质体递药系统在兽药领域的研究进展,以期为新型递药系统在兽药领域的研发应用提供参考。     

兽药有关物质研究中的常见问题

从分析方法的选择、方法验证、定量方法和限度制订等方面入手,针对兽药有关物质研究中的常见问题进行分析并提出了建议.     

兽药注册法规中的知识产权保护

详细阐述了兽药管理法规中有关知识产权保护的条款,分析其在专利纠纷处理方案、新兽药研发单位与专利权人之间平衡、兽药注册评审管理机构与国家知识产权局职能衔接以及公示制度方面存在的不够完善的地方,并借鉴美国药品注册和人药药品注册中知识产权的先进经验,提出了相应的改进方案,以期为制定出符合我国兽药行业发展的药品专利保护制度提供参考。     

巨型艾美耳球虫杨凌株对三种抗球虫药物的抗药性研究

用巨型艾美耳球虫杨凌株对14日龄雏鸡进行感染,检测了该虫株对3种常用抗球虫药(球虫精、排球净和克球美)的敏感性。以最适抗球虫活性百分率、抗球虫指数、相对卵囊产量和病变记分减少率为指标,进行综合评定。结果表明,该虫株对克球美有轻度抗药性,对排球净有完全抗药性,对球虫精无抗药性。     

Clinical pharmacology of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in dogs

OBJECTIVES: To discuss the clinical pharmacology of currently licensed veterinary NSAIDs and to review gastrointestinal and renal adverse effects as well as drug-drug interactions that have been reported with these drugs. To review the use of NSAIDs in the peri-operative setting and their use in patients with osteoarthritis. To further review the reported effects of NSAIDs on canine articular cartilage and liver as well as the clinical relevance of a washout period. DATABASES USED: PubMed, CAB abstracts and Google Scholar using dog, dogs, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and NSAID(s) as keywords. CONCLUSIONS: A good understanding of the mechanisms by which NSAIDs elicit their analgesic effect is essential in order to minimize adverse effects and drug-drug interactions. Cyclooxygenase (COX) is present in at least two active isoforms in the body and is the primary pharmacologic target of NSAIDs. Inhibition of COX is associated with the analgesic effects of NSAIDs. COX is present in the gastrointestinal tract and kidneys, along with other areas of the body, and is also the likely reason for many adverse effects including gastrointestinal and renal adverse effects. The newer veterinary approved NSAIDs have a lower frequency of gastrointestinal adverse effects in dogs compared to drugs such as aspirin, ketoprofen and flunixin, which may be due to differential effects on the COX isoforms. There are currently no published reports demonstrating that the newer NSAIDs are associated with fewer renal or hepatic adverse effects in dogs. NSAIDs remain the cornerstone of oral therapy for osteoarthritis unless contraindicated by intolerance, concurrent therapies or underlying medical conditions. NSAIDs are also effective and frequently used for the management of post-operative pain.     

犊牛轮状病毒和大肠杆菌混合感染检测

黑龙江省某规模化奶牛场部分新生犊牛发生了严重腹泻且犊牛病死率较高。为了确诊,无菌采集病料,通过病毒检测、细菌分离、生化试验、细菌和病毒特异性基因PCR扩增、动物致病性试验及药敏试验等方法进行了病毒抗原和微生物检测。结果显示,病毒检测中牛轮状病毒（BRV）呈阳性,PCR扩增得到400 bp的特异性片段;从病料中分离到1株含K99和F41兼性菌毛抗原的高致病性产肠毒素大肠杆菌（ETEC）,该分离菌株对恩诺沙星、头孢唑啉、氯霉素敏感,对其他抗生素有一定的耐药性。流行情况调查结合病原学检查确诊该牛场新生犊牛严重腹泻是由BRV和大肠杆菌混合感染造成的,根据诊断结果进行了针对性地防制,取得了良好的防控效果。     

Isolation,Identification and Drug Resistance Analysis of Interstinal Pathogenic Escherichia coli and Salmonella Isolated from Diarrhea Piglets

In order to find out the serotype, resistant phenotype and genotype of Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Salmonella in piglets, this study collected 128 samples of diarrhea piglets from seven large-scale pig farms in five cities in Guizhou province, and the E. coli and Salmonella were isolated and identified. The pathogenicity of the strain was identified by animal test. The drug resistance of the main pathogen was tested by drug susceptibility paper. The resistance gene of each pathogen was detected by PCR. The drug resistance and genotype correlation of the bacterial were analyzed. The results showed that 78 strains of pathogenic E. coli and 21 strains of Salmonella were isolated and identified in this study. The serotypes of pathogenic E. coli were predominantly O138 and O87. Salmonella Typhimurium and Salmonella Enteritidis were predominant serotypes. The susceptibility test showed that the resistant strains of 78 strains of E. coli were more than 80% resistant to β-lactams and more than 40% for other antibacterials. The resistance rate of 21 strains of Salmonella to aminoglycosides was more than 50% and more than 20% to other types of antibacterials; 12 and 10 kinds of drug resistance-related genes of E. coli and Salmonella were detected, respectively; The coincidence rate of resistant genotype and phenotype of two kinds of bacteria were above 60%, and both were multiple drug resistance. This study provided a theoretical basis for comprehensive prevention and control of piglets diarrhea.