SNP genetic polymorphisms of MDR-1, CYP1A2 and CYPB11 genes in four canine breeds upon toxicological evaluation

The fields of pharmacogenetics and pharmacogenomics have become increasingly promising regarding the clinical application of genetic data to aid in prevention of adverse reactions. Specific screening tests can predict which animals express modified proteins or genetic sequences responsible for adverse effects associated with a drug. Among the genetic variations that have been investigated in dogs, the multidrug resistance gene (MDR) is the best studied. However, other genes such as CYP1A2 and CYP2B11 control the protein syntheses involved in the metabolism of many drugs. In the present study, the MDR-1, CYP1A2 and CYP2B11 genes were examined to identify SNP polymorphisms associated with these genes in the following four canine breeds: Uruguayan Cimarron, Border Collie, Labrador Retriever and German Shepherd. The results revealed that several SNPs of the CYP1A2 and CYP2B11 genes are potential targets for drug sensitivity investigations.     

Study on Biological Characteristics and Drug Sensitivity of Haemophilus parasuis Isolated in Sichuan Province

The study was aimed to investigate the biological characsteristics and drug sensitive tests of Haemophilus parasuis isolated in Sichuan province.This paper reported the biological characteristics,16S rRNA gene PCR and drug sensitive test of the isolates by technique of microbiological and molecular biology.The results showed that the isolates had micro anaerobic and could produce satellite phenomenon,the isolates were just same in biochemical characteristics with field isolates in other area.All the isolates amplified 821 bp 16S rRNA gene.And drug sensitive tests showed that the isolates were highly sensitive to cefradine,ampicillin,cefradine,amoxicillin,cefaclor,ofloxacin,cefotaxime and furadantin,the sensitive rate was 75.61% to 87.80%,but the isolates were high resistance to lincomycin,carbenicillin,enrofloxacin,amikacin and sulfamethoxazole,and multiple-drug resistance was found among the isolates,the number of bacterial strains resistant to antibiotics were more between five and eight,the resisitance strains were 21.95% to 30.49%,7 isolates were even resistant to 13 antibiotics.The results showed the phenomenon of drug resistance of the isolates was very serious.     

Oral Cyclosporine Treatment in Dogs: A Review of the Literature

Cyclosporine is an immunomodulatory drug used to treat an increasing spectrum of diseases in dogs. Cyclosporine is a calcineurin inhibitor, ultimately exerting its inhibitory effects on T‐lymphocytes by decreasing production of cytokines, such as interleukin‐2. Although, in the United States, oral cyclosporine is approved in dogs only for treatment of atopic dermatitis, there are many other indications for its use. Cyclosporine is available in 2 oral formulations: the original oil‐based formulation and the more commonly used ultramicronized emulsion that facilitates oral absorption. Ultramicronized cyclosporine is available as an approved animal product, and human proprietary and generic preparations are also available. Bioavailability of the different formulations in dogs is likely to vary among the preparations. Cyclosporine is associated with a large number of drug interactions that can also influence blood cyclosporine concentrations. Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) can be used to assist in attaining consistent plasma cyclosporine concentrations despite the effects of varying bioavailability and drug interactions. TDM can facilitate therapeutic success by guiding dose adjustments on an individualized basis, and is recommended in cases that do not respond to initial oral dosing, or during treatment of severe, life‐threatening diseases for which a trial‐and‐error approach to dose adjustment is too risky. Pharmacodynamic assays that evaluate individual patient immune responses to cyclosporine can be used to augment information provided by TDM.     

宁夏规模养殖场（园区）兽药使用管理现状调研及规范化管理探讨

为了有的放矢地推进兽药使用管理和确保兽用使用安全,对宁夏省规模养殖场（园区）兽药使用管理的技术力量、兽药贮存条件、兽药来源及贮存方式、兽药使用及休药期执行情况等进行了调查分析,表明规范兽药使用管理已具备有利条件,同时探讨了规范兽药使用管理的主要内容和重点措施。     

兔支气管败血波氏杆菌的分离鉴定及药敏试验

山东枣庄某大型兔场送检死亡幼兔病例,经过病原菌的分离鉴定、PCR 检测、药物敏感性试验、敏感动物致病性分析及临床综合治疗等,成功分离到一株对小鼠有一定的致病性的兔败血性波氏杆菌,该菌株对氟苯尼考、多西环素、红霉素等高敏,临床上采取疫苗紧急防疫结合药物治疗的综合防治措施顺利控制了该病的发生。     

中药“救必应”水提取物对产ESBLs大肠杆菌耐药性的影响

“救必应”为冬青科植物铁冬青的树皮或根皮水浸出物制备,具有广谱的抗菌作用.为研究中药“救必应”对产超广谱β-内酰胺酶(ESBLs)大肠杆菌耐药性的影响,本研究将产ESBLs的E.coli在亚抑菌浓度的中药“救必应”中传代,采用微量稀释法测定抗生素对产ESBLs的E.coli最小抑菌浓度(MIC),并通过透射电镜观察中药作用后细菌形态学变化.结果显示,中药“救必应”可以显著降低产ESBLs的E.coli对阿莫西林、加替沙星、诺氟沙星、盐酸左旋氧氟沙星、乙酰甲喹、磺胺间甲氧嘧啶钠、克林沙星、氟苯尼考的MIC值,并且MIC均降低4倍;此外,中药作用后可以引起细菌细胞壁的皱裂、干瘪、折叠、缩短等形态变化.     

科学规避兽药残留风险的对策措施

笔者对2013?2020年实施的畜产品质量安全监测项目进行多环节系统分析,揭示了主要短板和风险,建议因势利导科学规避兽药残留风险,多策发力提高区域性畜产品质量安全的总体水平。     

新疆部分地区奶牛乳房炎大肠杆菌的分离鉴定及耐药性分析

[目的]为了解本地区奶牛乳房炎大肠杆菌的流行及耐药情况。[方法]对新疆部分地区奶牛乳房炎大肠杆菌进行分离培养、染色镜检、荧光PCR鉴定,并用纸片法对分离菌株开展药物敏感试验。[结果]从200 份奶牛乳房炎样品中分离出63 株大肠杆菌,分离率为31.5%。分离菌株对青霉素耐药率最高,达到了93.65%,对美罗培南敏感率最高,达到了98.14%,对其他抗生素均有不同程度的耐药。[结论]新疆部分地区奶牛乳房炎中大肠杆菌广泛流行,具有较高的耐药性。     

兽药制剂中氯霉素类和硝基呋喃类药物的液相色谱-串联质谱分析方法的研究

建立了兽药粉剂中氯霉素类和硝基呋喃类共7种抗菌药物的液相色谱-串联质谱筛选方法。样品经水溶解,乙酸乙酯提取样品中的药物,OasisHLB固相萃取小柱净化,液相色谱-串联质谱仪测定。分别对该方法的检测限和专属性进行了实验室内和实验室外验证。结果表明,该方法简单、灵敏、特异性强,适用于兽药粉剂中氯霉素类和硝基呋喃类的定性筛选测定。