几种药剂对采后菠萝品质的影响

以“巴厘”菠萝为试材,用施保克,萘乙酸,2,4-D分别处理菠萝,研究了不同处理的菠萝在常温和低温下相关生理指标。结果表明：几种药剂均可减轻常温贮藏期菠萝黑心病,而低温贮藏时,只在贮藏前12d效果显著, NAA减轻黑心病效果最好。NAA和2,4-D两种药剂可以延缓常温贮藏菠萝的衰老,NAA可延缓低温贮藏菠萝的衰老。几种药剂中NAA最有效减缓失重率;NAA可保持常温贮藏菠萝TSS含量,而其他药剂降低了TSS含量,NAA提高低温时TSS含量;低温贮藏时NAA可降低可滴定酸含量;各药剂可提高常温下菠萝的Vc含量。因此,NAA处理减轻菠萝黑心病效果最好,并且保持菠萝品质,是最适宜的保鲜药剂。     

海马病原菌的分离鉴定及其对抗生素敏感性的研究

从患病海马Hippocampus kelloggi体内分离到3株菌株,用分离菌株的纯培养物感染健康海马,48 h内海马全部发病,其临床症状与原患病海马相似,经形态学、生化和室内感染试验,鉴定该菌株为副溶血弧菌Vibrio parahem olyticus。药敏试验结果表明,所分离菌株对链霉素、利福平、卡那霉素、环丙沙星、氟派酸、四环素、复达欣、菌必治、奈定酸等抗菌药表现为高敏感性;对红霉素、新霉素、先锋霉素Ⅵ、强力霉素、新生霉素、头孢呋肟、呋喃妥因等药物敏感性较高;对氨苄青霉素、羟苄青霉素、头孢氨苄、林可霉素等药物敏感性较差。     

吉林省部分地区鸡源大肠杆菌耐药性监测

以吉林省部分地区临床分离的43株鸡源大肠杆菌为研究对象,采用常规的药敏试验方法,对其耐药性进行监测。结果表明:吉林省部分地区鸡源大肠杆菌普遍耐药,耐药菌株大多数为多重联合耐药。本研究所采用的15种抗生素中,抑菌作用最强的是兽医临床上尚未使用的头孢唑啉和丁胺卡那霉素,其次为头孢哌酮和卡那霉素;大肠杆菌对四环素、氨苄青霉素、青霉素等药物表现出100%的耐药性。     

智能化纳米释药系统用于细菌感染治疗的研究进展

细菌耐药性的相关研究已成为多学科交叉研究的热点,纳米技术因其独特的物化性质在药物递送系统(drug delivery systems,DDSs)的应用中具有可以改善药物的药代动力学和药效学特性,为应对全球细菌抗生素耐药性问题提供了一种新的策略。作为药物载体,理想的纳米粒子必须具有较高的载药量,将药物运送到特定的病理部位和(或)靶细胞,同时不发生药物泄漏,并且在作用部位迅速释放药物。为此,人们积极寻求各种"智能"纳米释药系统,这种纳米释药系统可以对内部或外部刺激(如pH、氧化还原、温度、磁和光等)进行响应,从而实现对药物的可控释放。本文围绕pH、温度、光照以及酶和其他内源或外源因子刺激响应的智能化抗菌药物递送系统领域的最新研究进展进行了评述。     

大肠杆菌多重耐药株与敏感株蛋白质组差异分析

【目的】研究临床分离的大肠杆菌多重耐药株(R)与大肠杆菌标准株ATCC 25922(S)蛋白质差异表达情况,为进一步研究大肠杆菌耐药机理奠定基础。【方法】采用串联质谱标签(tandem mass tag,TMT)法结合平行反应监测(parallel reaction monitoring,PRM)技术,对大肠杆菌R和S株的全菌体蛋白进行定量蛋白质组学研究,筛选大肠杆菌多重耐药株(S)与敏感株(R)之间的差异表达蛋白,并对其生物信息学进行分析。【结果】共筛选出300个差异表达蛋白(Fold change≥1.3,P0.05),其中上调167个,下调133个,涉及的耐药相关通路主要包括细菌趋药性、ABC转运蛋白、β-内酰胺抗性等;PRM成功定量到13个差异蛋白,且PRM验证结果与TMT定量结果一致。【结论】筛选出多个与大肠杆菌耐药性相关的差异表达蛋白和通路。     

林麝肺源ST1249型铜绿假单胞菌的分离鉴定及其全基因组序列分析

【目的】对分离自林麝化脓肺脏的1株疑似铜绿假单胞菌(PA)进行鉴定,并分析其致病和耐药机制,为林麝PA感染化脓性疾病的防控奠定基础。【方法】将病原菌分离纯化后,依次进行生化试验、16S rRNA序列分析、药敏试验和小鼠致病性试验,并通过全基因组测序,对分离菌株进行群体进化和物种分型分析以及基因功能注释。【结果】分离自林麝化脓肺脏的1株疑似铜绿假单胞菌经鉴定与PA相符,命名为FMDP001。药敏试验显示其对阿莫西林、头孢曲松、氨曲南、多粘菌素B和林可霉素耐药;对小鼠半数致死量为9.4×10~5 CFU/mL。全基因组序列分析显示该菌基因组大小为6 955 100 bp,序列类型为ST1249,与B136-33株同源性最高,且两菌株基因组平均核苷酸一致性(ANI)值达98.93%;全基因组中共有357个序列编码FMDP001与致病性相关的基因,根据功能分为黏附、铁摄取、胞外毒性蛋白和调控系统;84个序列编码耐药基因,其中多药耐药外排泵为主要成分。【结论】从林麝化脓肺脏中分离到1株致病性较强的PA,并获得ST1249型林麝源PA的全基因组序列,序列显示该菌携带大量药物外排泵及生物膜形成相关基因,决定其具有多重耐药特性,哌拉西林等可作为该类型PA感染的临床用药。     

A New Bioassay Platform Design for the Discovery of Small Molecules with Anticancer Immunotherapeutic Activity

Immunotherapy takes advantage of the immune system to prevent, control, and eliminate neoplastic cells. The research in the field has already led to major breakthroughs to treat cancer. In this work, we describe a platform that integrates in vitro bioassays to test the immune response and direct antitumor effects for the preclinical discovery of anticancer candidates. The platform relies on the use of dendritic cells that are professional antigen-presenting cells (APC) able to activate T cells and trigger a primary adaptive immune response. The experimental procedure is based on two phenotypic assays for the selection of chemical leads by both a panel of nine tumor cell lines and growth factor-dependent immature mouse dendritic cells (D1). The positive hits are then validated by a secondary test on human monocyte-derived dendritic cells (MoDCs). The aim of this approach is the selection of potential immunotherapeutic small molecules from natural extracts or chemical libraries.     

Marine Anticancer Agents: An Overview with a Particular Focus on Their Chemical Classes

The marine environment is a rich source of biologically active molecules for the treatment of human diseases, especially cancer. The adaptation to unique environmental conditions led marine organisms to evolve different pathways than their terrestrial counterparts, thus producing unique chemicals with a broad diversity and complexity. So far, more than 36,000 compounds have been isolated from marine micro- and macro-organisms including but not limited to fungi, bacteria, microalgae, macroalgae, sponges, corals, mollusks and tunicates, with hundreds of new marine natural products (MNPs) being discovered every year. Marine-based pharmaceuticals have started to impact modern pharmacology and different anti-cancer drugs derived from marine compounds have been approved for clinical use, such as: cytarabine, vidarabine, nelarabine (prodrug of ara-G), fludarabine phosphate (pro-drug of ara-A), trabectedin, eribulin mesylate, brentuximab vedotin, polatuzumab vedotin, enfortumab vedotin, belantamab mafodotin, plitidepsin, and lurbinectedin. This review focuses on the bioactive molecules derived from the marine environment with anticancer activity, discussing their families, origin, structural features and therapeutic use.     

一例湖羊纤维素性肺炎的病理组织学观察

为探究四川省某养殖场湖羊患病情况,以1只发病湖羊为例,研究观察病羊临床症状、解剖变化,采用H.E.染色方法分析病羊实质器官病理组织学变化,并从病羊中分离出菌株Z-1,采用生理生化、16S rDNA基因测序对其鉴定,采用腹腔注射对菌株Z-1进行动物回感试验,纸片扩散法对菌株Z-1进行药敏分析。结果表明:患病羊病症有高热、剧烈咳嗽并伴有喘气,口鼻周围可见黄色浓稠分泌物;解剖变化为多个实质器官明显肿大、充血,肺脏充血、颜色暗红,切开有血样泡沫状液体流出;病理组织切片可见肺、肝、脾等组织细胞肿胀、充血、出血,肺泡腔和细支气管中有大量粉红色纤维素性渗出物,炎性细胞浸润;菌株Z-1为革兰氏阳性菌,乳糖、七叶苷和山梨醇等生化反应呈阳性反应,木糖醇、甘露糖和蜜二糖等生化反应呈阴性反应;16S rDNA基因目的片段长度为1 428bp,与菌株NR_026471的相似性达到98%,综合鉴定为链球菌;动物回感试验表明该菌株对小鼠具有很强的致病性;药敏试验表明该菌株对氧氟沙星、诺氟沙星、环丙沙星和庆大霉素等敏感,对氨苄西林、青霉素和拉氧头孢等耐药。综上,该病湖羊患链球菌感染的纤维素性肺炎。