孤东管网优化运行技术

孤永东和孤罗东两条管道承担着孤岛、孤东和桩西的原油输送任务，按现行工况运行，各站节流较多，能源浪费较大。根据管道现有设备条件分析了运行现状，给出了孤永东管道和孤罗东管道的运行参数。在不改变现有设备条件和确保原油外输任务的前提下，制定了优化运行方案，即把两条管道作为一个输油系统，选择以两条管道的最低进站油温为最低允许输油温度，孤岛首站总的输油量合理匹配给两条管道，这样实现了孤永东管道全年压力越站，减     

入侵生物飞机草在中国的适生区预测

以飞机草生存的6个气候参数为基础,选择湛江作为评估的基点,结合中国划分的18个不同气候大区的代表城市的气候特征,通过计算欧氏距离系数,得出各气候大区与基点间的气候相似程度,采用层次分析法,结合气候资料与农业气候相似等级判定标准,分析飞机草在中国适生区情况,并结合气候大区划分飞机草在中国的适生区及非适生区.结果表明,海南、广东、广西、云南、台湾、西藏的部分地区为飞机草的适生区,而福建、贵州部分地区为飞机草的次适生区,北方大部分地区为非适生区.     

论农村远程教育与学习型农村的建设

随着知识经济时代的到来,推动农村教育跨越式发展,建设学习型农村,走科技兴农、科技富农之路,是农村社会发展的必然选择。农村远程教育将信息技术、数字资源送进农村,有利于提高农村基础教育质量,扩大农村职成教育规模,实现农村终身教育体系构建,为学习型农村的建设带来契机。     

Evaluation of random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers in Hevea brasiliensis

The applicability of random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers in the cultivated rubber tree, Hevea, was evaluated using 43 decamer oligonucleotide primers in a set of 24 clones selected in different South-East Asian countries. A total of 220 0.35–3.5 kb DNA fragments were amplified, of which 111 were polymorphic. Of these, 80 fragments (RAPD markers) which were repeatable and clearly scorable across all genotypes were used to estimate genetic distances among the clones tested. The estimated genetic distances ranged from 0.05 (RRII 308 and PB 5/51) to 0.75 (RRIC 100 and SCATC 88–13). A mean genetic distance of 0.5 indicates a rather high genetic variability among the tested clones. As expected, because of the breeding history of Hevea, UPGMA cluster analysis and Principal Coordinate Analysis (PCoA) indicated the absence of a distinct geographical grouping. The possible application of RAPD markers for clone identification and also for analysis of genetic relationships among Hevea clones is discussed.     

国外管道工程水压试验技术

国外的管道水压试验与我国的水压试验相比，从测量方法、实施步骤、试验项目，判定标准等方面都有一定的差异，结合突尼斯管道工程水压试验的实际情况，阐述了国外管道工程水压试验技术和实施方法，以供国内有关单位了解和学习。     

云南保种山羊血液同工酶遗传多样性研究

采用水平式淀粉胶电泳技术 ,对云南龙陵黄山羊、宁蒗黑头山羊、马关无角山羊和路南圭山羊等 4个保种山羊的 1 2 0个个体共 3 9个基因座位的基因多态性进行了研究。结果显示 ,云南 4个保种山羊品种在AKP、CES - 1、ESD、GOI、LAP、MDH、ME和NP基因座位出现多态。多态座位基因在不同保种山羊中分布不同。多态基因座位百分比 (P)在 4个保种山羊中分别为 0 .2 0 51 ,0 .1 53 8,0 .1 2 82和 0 .1 53 8。平均杂合度 (H)分别为 0 .0 95,0 .0 61 4 ,0 .0 4 67和 0 .0 662。用UPGMA法对由基因频率计算得到的Nei氏标准遗传距离进行聚类分析 ,结果表明云南保种山羊具地理分布及品种特点 ,龙陵黄山羊和其它 3个品种的遗传距离最远。     

Analysis of Two Chinese Yak(Bos grunniens) Population Using Bovine Microsatellite Primers

Two Chinese domestic yak populations representing the Plateau type and the Huanhu Alpine type were analysed with 12 bovine microsatellite primers. All primer pairs functioned in the yak genome and polymorphism was found at all loci. The allele size ranges and frequencies of the two yak populations were similar and there was considerable overlap with the allele size ranges observed in cattle. Data for European cattle breeds was obtained from the Cattle Diversity Database(CaDBase)to interpret the heterozygosity and genetic distance estimates in yak populations. Heterozygosity estimated for the two yak populations was comparable to that of European cattle while Nei's Genetic Distance DA between the two yak populations was less than distances between the most closely related German cattle breeds. Bovine microsatellite primers proved to be a valuable tool for characterization of yak populations.     

全位置自动焊接在管道建设中的应用

介绍了管道全位置自动焊接施工过程和全位置自动焊接的优点。全位置自动焊接技术的特点是，焊丝可以连续送进，焊丝熔敷速度快，焊接质量较高，尤其适用于大口径、厚壁管的焊接。这项技术目前已在国内几条管道上投入使用。     

Use of isozyme analysis in the breeding of synthetic rapeseed cultivars

Eleven winter rapeseed inbred lines (I₄) were characterized according to isozyme banding patterns from seven polymorphic enzyme systems. All lines could be qualitatively and quantitatively distinguished using two enzyme systems, shikimate dehydrogenase (SDH) and diaphorase (DIA). Genetic distances were calculated among lines and 15 selected two-line hybrids were planted as experimental synthetics in field-trials. Syn-0 populations produced seed yields between 0.4% lower and 12.9% higher than the mean yields of the respective parental lines. Syn-1 seed yields were 11–24.1% higher than the respective parental lines and the yield improvement was positively correlated with the genetic distance between the parental lines. This tendency suggests that genetic distances between cross components, calculated from isozyme polymorphism, can be used in prognosis of yield performance of synthetic rapeseed cultivars. Isozyme analysis was also applied to study fertilization behaviour in line mixtures, and differences among parental lines were observed with regard to the tendency for self-pollination or out-crossing. The partially very high outcrossing rate suggests the possible existence of a self-incompatibility system.     

高压输电线与埋地管道相互影响的安全问题

分析了高压输电线与埋地油气管道相互影响和存在的安全问题,提出了应采取的措施及处理办法.根据埋地管道实际存在的危害因素和环境条件及各种相关的技术规定、标准,指出高压输电线与管道平行的安全距离应不低于20 m,当与管道交叉时,管道与铁塔的接地体安全距离也应不低于20 m.