基于深度学习的病虫害智能化识别系统

我国农作物种植覆盖面广、分散度高,病虫害发生种类多、区域性发生规律复杂,传统的人工鉴定技术从效率、能力与精度方面均难以满足新形势下重大病虫测报要求。针对这一实践需求,以测报灯下害虫图像数据库(约18万张)、田间病虫害图像数据库(约32万张)为基础,构建了基于深度学习方法的病虫害种类特征自动学习、特征融合、识别和位置回归计算框架,并研发了移动式病虫害智能化感知设备和自动识别系统。通过近2年的精确度和实操运行效率检验,该系统在自然状态下对16种灯下常见害虫的识别率为66%～90%,对38种田间常见病虫害(症状)的识别率为50%～90%。随基础数据库的不断丰富、神经网络深层特征提取的不断完善,该系统有望进一步提高识别准确率,从而真正实现田间病虫害识别自动化、智能化和高效率。     

苍术根腐病及其防治研究进展

苍术根腐病是当前苍术人工种植过程中最严重的一种病害,严重影响苍术产业的发展。苍术根腐病表现为地上部分叶片萎蔫,根及根茎变褐腐烂,导致苍术大面积死亡,产量下降。基于国内外报道,本文阐述了苍术根腐病的病原、病症和病因,及其物理、化学和生物防治等措施,并对目前苍术根腐病在田间生产防治中存在的主要问题进行讨论,旨在为苍术的实际生产和根腐病防治提供参考。     

水稻稻瘟病图像识别预处理方法研究

为了实现计算机对水稻稻瘟病病害的自动识别,研究了水稻稻瘟病病斑图像的预处理和形状特征提取方法。试验中利用灰度变换、直方图均衡化及中值滤波法有效去除了噪声和增强了图像,利用拉氏算子对病斑图像进行边缘检测,准确提取了病斑的形状特征,实现了稻瘟病图像目标分割。这些研究为进一步的特征参数提取及最终病害确定打下基础。     

土传病害生物防治研究进展

土传病害已成为严重制约我国农牧业发展的主要原因,近年来人们对于食物安全的重视和环保意识的增强,对农业的可持续发展提出了更高的要求。生物防治因其低成本、高效率、环境友好和无药物残留等特点已成为当前国内外植物病害防治的研究热点。本文从农艺措施改良和优化,利用细菌、真菌、放线菌等生防微生物进行生物防治,诱导寄主产生系统抗病性和其他生物防治方法等几个方面对国内外植物土传病害生物防治的研究现状进行了综述,提出了生物防治目前存在的问题,并对生物防治的研究进行了展望。     

Cryptic species composition and genetic diversity within Bemisia tabaci complex in soybean in India revealed by mtCOI DNA sequence

Bemisia tabaci is a cryptic species complex, causing significant loss on many agriculturally important crops worldwide. Knowledge on species composition and diversity within B. tabaci complex is critical for evolving sustainable pest management strategies. Here we investigate the whitefly species complex in soybean in major soybean growing states of India. The mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase gene subunit-1(mt COI) based phylogenetic relationships established using Bayesian methods indicated the existence of three cryptic species namely AsiaⅠ, AsiaⅡ1, and AsiaⅡ7. All the haplotypes detected in the study could be assigned to these three cryptic species following the species demarcation criteria of 3.5% divergence threshold. Of these, AsiaⅡ1 was found to be predominant with wide spread distribution across the surveyed regions from cool temperate zones to hot and humid tropical plains. On the contrary, cryptic species AsiaⅡ7 showed localized distribution. The AsiaⅡ1 exhibited the highest haplotype diversity and AsiaⅠ showed high level of nucleotide diversity. There was a significantly high genetic differentiation among these three cryptic species. The MEAM 1, a dreadful invasive species was not detected in the specimens tested in the current study. The diversity and distribution of three cryptic species is discussed in the light of current knowledge on distribution of whitefly species in India and yellow mosaic disease observed during sampling survey.     

Ultrasonographic Evaluation of Equine Ocular Diseases: A Retrospective Study of 38 Eyes

Ocular ultrasonography in horses represents a valuable imaging diagnostic tool for the diagnosis of intraocular and periocular diseases, particularly when cornea or lens opacities preclude ophthalmoscopy of deeper structures. The authors studied normal and pathological aspects of the eye. Nineteen horses with opacities of the dioptric structures underwent an ultrasound examination. This technique allowed the diagnosis of a posterior synechia (1), cataracts (8), vitreous opacities (6), retinal detachment (3), and a foreign body (1). Ultrasonography provided helpful information about the structure and vascular pattern when the conventional ophthalmic evaluation was unable to achieve a correct diagnosis.     

新疆昌吉32个紫花苜蓿品种的田间抗病性评价北大核心CSCD

为筛选出适宜当地条件的高产抗病品种,连续2年2次调查了2018年建植于新疆昌吉市呼图壁县的32个紫花苜蓿品种上各种病害的发病率和病情指数,并测定了各品种次年的越冬率和5次刈割期的草产量,评价了不同品种的抗病性,采用灰色关联度法分析了各品种的综合特性。结果表明,试验地发生了苜蓿茎点霉叶斑与黑茎病、白粉病、黄斑病、匍柄霉叶斑病和尾孢叶斑病5种病害,且以前3种为主,前3种病害的发病率最高分别达到了97.08%、100.00%及57.14%。供试品种仅有茎点霉叶斑与黑茎病的病情指数存在显著差异(P<0.05),表现为旱地与WL343HQ的病情指数显著高于皇冠、WL168HQ与阿迪娜等品种,而其他病害品种间未表现出差异(P>0.05)。根据抗性级别的频率分布,对于苜蓿茎点霉叶斑与黑茎病,53.13%的苜蓿品种为高抗品种,25.00%的苜蓿品种为抗性品种,12.50%的苜蓿品种为中抗品种,3.13%的苜蓿品种为低抗品种,6.25%的苜蓿品种为感病品种;对于苜蓿白粉病,32个品种的抗性分布频率为抗性品种占3.13%,中抗品种占25.00%,低抗品种占15.63%,感病品种占56.25%,无高抗品种;供试品种对苜蓿黄斑病抗性分布频率为高抗品种29个,占90.63%,抗性品种占9.38%,无中抗、低抗及感病品种。32个品种的5次草产量总和为22.48~29.52 t·hm^(-2),其中,5茬总产量最高的苜蓿品种为龙威3010,总产量最低的苜蓿品种为陇东苜蓿。供试的所有品种未出现明显冻害,越冬良好,越冬率均在80%以上,其中有22个品种大于90%。综合特性较好的5个品种为皇冠、WL363HQ、中苜3号、敖汉苜蓿和旱地(综合得分0.850~0.942),较差的品种为耐盐之星、WL343HQ、冲击波、雷霆与陇东苜蓿(综合得分0.650~0.721)。     

Effect of Experimental Hypothyroidism on Glomerular Filtration Rate and Plasma Creatinine Concentration in Dogs

Background: Hypothyroidism affects renal function in a manner opposite the effects of hyperthyroidism.
Objective: To evaluate the effects of experimentally induced hypothyroidism on glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and basal plasma creatinine concentration in dogs.
Animals: Sixteen anestrous, female dogs.
Methods: Hypothyroidism was induced by administration of ¹³¹I in 8 dogs, and 8 healthy euthyroid dogs acted as controls. Exogenous plasma creatinine clearance (an estimate of GFR) was measured in all dogs before (control period) and 43–50 weeks after induction of hypothyroidism (posttreatment period). Other pharmacokinetic parameters of creatinine were also determined.
Results: No significant difference was observed for basal plasma creatinine concentration and creatinine clearance between control and hypothyroid dogs in the control period. In the posttreatment period, mean ± SD creatinine clearance in the hypothyroid group (2.13 ± 0.48 mL/min/kg) was lower ( P < .001) than that of the control group (3.20 ± 0.42 mL/kg/min). Nevertheless, basal plasma creatinine concentrations were not significantly different between the hypothyroid and control groups (0.74 ± 0.18 versus 0.70 ± 0.08 mg/dL, respectively) because endogenous production of creatinine was decreased in hypothyroid dogs (22 ± 3 versus 32 ± 5 mg/kg/d, P =.001).
Conclusion and Clinical Importance: Hypothyroidism causes a substantial decrease in GFR without altering plasma creatinine concentrations, indicating that GFR evaluation is needed to identify renal dysfunction in such patients.     

甘蔗黄叶病毒及其所致病害评述

甘蔗黄叶病毒是2000年国际病毒分类命名委员会第七次报告才确认的黄症病毒科未归属成员。其分布几乎遍及世界所有甘蔗产区,并已于近年传入我国南方蔗区。该病毒引起甘蔗病毒性黄叶病,经高粱蚜及玉米蚜以持久性方式传播,可能起源于黄症病毒科属间基因重组。本文简述该病毒研究概况及其在我国的发生特点。     

Fusion Expression and Purification of Marek’s disease virus Tegument Protein VP16 and Its Antibody Preparation

马立克氏病病毒(Marek’s disease virus ,MDV)UL48基因编码的蛋白与单纯疱疹病毒1型(Herpes simplex virus ,HSV)衣壳蛋白VP16为同源物，将其克隆入pET-32a载体中，获得pET-VP16, 转化Escherichia coli BL21感受态细胞，经IPTG诱导表达，SDS-PAGE电泳显示:融合蛋白获得可溶性表达，表达蛋白的相对分子量约为67 kD；将表达的融合蛋白过His·Bind柱，获得纯化的蛋白，将该蛋白免疫家兔，制备多克隆抗体。通过间接ELISA和Western blot鉴定制备的多克隆抗体的效价和特异性，结果表明，该抗体具有较高的特异性，间接ELISA效价大于2×10－5。