MAP贮藏对甜樱桃品质的影响

对甜樱桃的贮藏保鲜试验表明,MAP与专用保鲜剂结合可有效地保持果实的鲜食品质,减少果实的腐烂和褐变,降低果实的呼吸强度,延长果实的贮藏期.‘红灯‘甜樱桃贮藏保鲜80 d果实的腐烂率为3.62%;对照果实只贮藏了40 d.‘雷尼‘甜樱桃贮藏保鲜110 d果实的腐烂率为2.1%,褐变率为0,果柄抽干率为0.32%;对照果实只贮藏了50 d.     

猪副粘病毒感染的电镜诊断及病毒的分离

采用电镜负染技术对长春市某猪场病死仔猪的肠道内容物、肾脏、脾脏、肝脏、肺脏、脑等组织进行了观察.结果在肠道内容物中发现大量副粘病毒,同时在肾脏、肝脏和肺脏中也发现数量不等的副粘病毒,在脾脏和脑组织中未发现病毒粒子.取肾脏为病料,采用同步培养方法接种于PK细胞系进行病毒的分离培养.结果表明,电镜负染技术可对猪感染副粘病毒进行快速诊断,该方法操作程序简便,速度快,从取样到结果判定在1h之内即可完成.细胞分离培养结果证实此病例中的猪副粘病毒可在PK细胞中克隆增殖,并引起细胞典型的病变(CPE).     

紫外线照射对中华锯齿米虾胚胎发育的影响

自抱卵的中华锯齿米虾雌虾腹部剥离取卵裂期、囊胚期、原肠胚期和无节幼体Ⅰ期的胚胎置于培养皿中,暴露在紫外线下,照射剂量分别为0、1、2、4、8、16 W·s/cm2,人工振荡培养箱中以速度55 r/min、温度25℃、湿度60％培养.每隔24 h在解剖镜下观察胚胎发育至48 h后进行数据分析,研究紫外线照射剂量对中华锯齿...     

60Co-γ射线辐照对黄牡丹种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响*

  对黄牡丹种子进行不同剂量的60Co-γ射线辐照处理,以未照射种子为对照, 观测辐照对种子生根、萌发及幼苗生长的影响。结果表明:种子生根率和萌发率随辐照剂量增加而降低,高剂量(100Gy以上)对种子萌发和幼苗生长有显著的抑制作用（P<005）,辐照的剂量与幼苗存活率呈负相关,且幼苗表型性状各不相同。根据试验数据以及回归分析确定黄牡丹种子的临界剂量为485Gy,适宜剂量范围为40～60Gy。     

一氯苯对土壤脲酶活性特征的影响

【目的】研究一氯苯对土壤脲酶活性特征的影响,为环境保护和监测提供参考依据。【方法】以土娄土和红壤为研究对象,采用室内模拟方法,研究不同体积分数(0,0.5%,1.0%,2.5%,5.0%和10%)一氯苯对土壤脲酶活性及酶促反应动力学特征参数(Vmax,Km和k)的影响。【结果】一氯苯对土壤脲酶有明显的激活作用,其中4个土样脲酶活性与一氯苯体积分数间的关系可以用线性方程进行拟合。供试土壤轻度污染时的一氯苯临界浓度为34.0g/kg。随一氯苯体积分数的增大,土娄土的最大反应速率Vmax增大,Vmax/Km、Km和k的变化规律性不明显,红壤的各特征参数受一氯苯的影响较小。【结论】土壤脲酶在一定范围内可表征红壤受一氯苯污染的程度;一氯苯加速了土娄土脲酶和尿素复合物的解离;一氯苯与土壤脲酶之间的关系较为复杂,其机理有待进一步研究。     

甘蓝小菜蛾常用单剂及甲维盐混剂药效试验研究

进行了甘蓝小菜蛾杀虫剂的田间药效试验,结果表明:2种甲维盐混剂2.8%甲维盐.三氟氯氰菊酯微乳剂和55.8%甲维盐.毒死蜱乳油药后10 d防效分别为:87.30%、91.24%;4个单剂40%毒死蜱乳油、0.5%甲维盐微乳剂、25 g/L高效氯氟氰菊酯乳油、0.5%甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐乳油药后10 d防效分别为:80.18%、85.60%、82.90%、81.76%。可见4个单剂对甘蓝小菜蛾防效和持效效果相当,甲维盐混合剂总体防效和持效好于单剂。     

东北地区春玉米临界氮浓度稀释曲线的建立和验证

过量施氮是目前玉米栽培中存在的普遍现象,基于临界氮浓度稀释曲线计算得出的氮营养指数是诊断氮营养丰缺的重要手段。基于东北地区4个生态点的试验数据,构建了东北地区春玉米临界氮稀释曲线,并在此基础上建立了氮营养指数模型和需氮量模型,结果表明,东北地区春玉米地上部临界氮浓度与生物量符合幂函数关系。利用独立试验资料对建立的临界氮浓度稀释曲线进行检验,发现基于临界氮浓度稀释模型计算的氮营养指数可以准确诊断玉米植株的氮营养状况,并计算出实时的氮素需求量。该研究建立的东北地区春玉米临界氮稀释模型可以为该地区春玉米的氮营养诊断和动态调控提供较好的理论和技术指导。     

Four years validation of decision support optimising herbicide dose in cereals under Spanish conditions

The Danish decision support system Crop Protection Online (CPO) optimises herbicide weed control. CPO recommends specific herbicide solutions to achieve a required level of control. The aim is to apply herbicides as little as possible but as much as necessary. CPOWeeds is a version of CPO adjusted to conditions in North-eastern Spain. The predicted efficacies and the yield obtained with CPOWeeds were validated in winter cereal field trials from 2010 to 2013. All CPOWeeds treatments were related to the efficacies obtained with standard herbicide treatments decided upon by local advisors. The predictions from CPOWeeds were compared to the actually achieved efficacies in the field trials for the nine weed species at different developmental stages and for 84.2% of the comparisons the obtained efficacies were equal to or higher than predicted. The average difference between predicted and observed efficacies was 2.35 percentage points. Yield was measured in three trials and the recommendations from CPOWeeds were maintaining yield. There were two situations where CPOWeeds were performing suboptimal. One is in the early weed growth stages, as the model is not yet prepared to account for water stress on root action herbicides applied at 10-11 BBCH. The second situation was in fields with a prior unidentified population of resistant Alopecurus myosuroides. For key species in winter cereals in Spain, such as Avena sterilis, Lolium rigidum and Papaver rhoeas, CPOWeeds achieved a satisfactory control level. It was concluded that the use of CPOWeeds allowed optimisation of the herbicide application with a very high robustness. The recommendations were satisfactorily for the conditions of the Northeast of Spain and have the potential to decrease the amount of applied herbicides by at least 30%. Therefore, it can be an important tool in Integrated Weed Management.     

Interactions between crop biomass and development of foliar diseases in winter wheat and the potential to graduate the fungicide dose according to crop biomass

Foliar pathogens such as Zymoseptoria tritici and Puccinia striiformis causing septoria leaf blotch and yellow rust respectively can cause serious yield reduction in winter wheat production, and control of the diseases often requires several fungicide applications during the growing season. Control is typically carried out using a constant fungicide dose in the entire field although there may be large differences in crop development and biomass across the field. The objective of the study reported in this paper was to test whether the fungicide dose response curve controlling septoria leaf blotch and other foliar diseases in winter wheat was dependent on crop development and biomass level. If such a biomass dependent dose response was found it was further the purpose to evaluate the potential to optimize fungicide inputs in winter wheat crops applying a site-specific crop density dependent fungicide dose. The study was carried out investigating fungicide dose response controlling foliar diseases in winter wheat at three biomass densities obtained growing the crop at three nitrogen levels and using variable seed rates. Further the field experiments included three fungicide dose rates at each biomass level, an untreated control, and 75%, 50% and 33% of the recommended fungicide dose rate and the experiments were replicated for three years. Crop biomass had a significant influence on occurrence of septoria and yellow rust with greater disease severity at increasing crop biomass. In two of three years, the interaction of crop biomass and fungicide dose rate had a significant influence on disease severity indicating a biomass-dependent dose response. The interaction occurred in the two years with high yield potential in combination with severe disease attack. If the variation in crop density and biomass level obtained in the study is representative of the variation found cultivating winter wheat in heterogeneous fields, then there seems to be scope for optimizing fungicide input against foliar diseases site-specific adapting the dose according to crop density/biomass.     

新饲料添加剂N，O-羧甲基壳聚糖的急性毒性研究

【目的】研究N,O-羧甲基壳聚糖对鸡的急性毒性,评价该药的安全性;【方法】以最大浓度的N,O-羧甲基壳聚糖(10.5%),按20ml/(kg·bw)(2.1g/(kg·bw)/次)剂量24h内给鸡灌服;【结果】给药后连续观察7天,各组试验鸡全部存活,临床、剖检均未见到异常变化,测不出LD50,根据新药审批办法中关于急性毒性的要求,进行最大耐受量的测定。鸡灌服给予N,O-羧甲基壳聚糖的最大耐受量为10.5g/(kg·bw),相当于临床拟用量的3500倍;【结论】N,O-羧甲基壳聚糖毒副作用很小,临床可以安全应用。