四倍体刺槐、国槐和红叶石楠对根癌农杆菌菌株及不同抗生素敏感性研究

以含有RD29A目的基因和NPTⅡ筛选基因的根癌农杆菌菌株LBA4404、GV3101和EHA105侵染饲用型四倍体刺槐(Robinia pseudoacacia)、国槐(Sophora japonica L.)和红叶石楠(Davidson Photinia)的组培苗叶片,研究3个树种对根癌农杆菌菌株和不同抗生素(替门汀和头孢霉素)的敏感性、以及根癌农杆菌菌株对3个树种的侵染能力。结果表明,不同树种、不同根癌农杆菌株和不同抗生素种类均对转化效果产生明显影响,红叶石楠是最佳受体材料,3个菌株侵染后的平均抗性愈伤率为37.0%,其次为国槐,四倍体刺槐最低;根癌农杆菌菌株LBA4404侵染能力最强,3个树种的平均抗性愈伤率达到33.3%、平均分化率达到17.6%;替门汀对农杆菌侵染后的红叶石楠组培叶片抑菌效果最好。     

Marker‐assisted introgression of rare allele of β‐carotene hydroxylase (crtRB1) gene into elite quality protein maize inbred for combining high lysine,tryptophan and provitamin A in maize

Vitamin A deficiency in humans is a widespread health problem. Quality protein maize (QPM) is a popular food rich in lysine and tryptophan, but poor in provitamin A (proA). Here, we report the improvement of an elite QPM inbred, HKI1128Q for proA using marker‐assisted introgression of crtRB1‐favourable allele. HKI1128 was one of the parental lines of three popular hybrids in India and was converted to QPM in our earlier programme. Severe segregation distortion for crtRB1 was observed in BC₁F₁, BC₂F₁ and BC₂F₂. Background selection by 100 SSRs revealed mean recovery of 91.07% recurrent parent genome varying from 88.78% to 93.88%. Across years, introgressed progenies possessed higher mean β‐carotene (BC: 9.22 µg/g), β‐cryptoxanthin (BCX: 3.05 µg/g) and provitamin A (proA: 10.75 µg/g) compared to HKI1128Q (BC: 2.26 µg/g, BCX: 2.26 µg/g and proA: 3.38 µg/g). High concentration of essential amino acids, viz. lysine (mean: 0.303%) and tryptophan (0.080%) in endosperm, was also retained. Multi‐year evaluation showed that introgressed progenies possessed similar grain yield (1,759–1,879 kg/ha) with HKI1128Q (1,778 kg/ha). Introgressed progenies with higher lysine, tryptophan and proA hold immense potential as donors and parents in developing biofortified hybrids.     

Inheritance and molecular mapping of restorer‐of‐fertility (Rf) gene in A2 hybrid system in pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan)

Inheritance of fertility restorer gene in pigeonpea was studied using F₂ and BC₁F₁ populations derived from cross AL103A × IC245273. It was found to be controlled by single dominant gene. Out of 228 SSR primer pairs, 33 primer pairs showed parental polymorphism, while four primers were found polymorphic in bulk segregant analysis (BSA). These four primers viz., CcM 1615, CcM 0710, CcM 0765 and CcM 1522 were used for genotyping of F₂ population and were found to be placed at 3.1, 5.1, 28.1 and 45.8 cM, respectively. Two of them, CcM 1615 and CcM 0710, evinced clear and unambiguous bands for fertility restoration in F₂ population. The Rf gene was mapped on linkage group 6 between the SSR markers CcM 1615 and CcM 0710 with the distances of 3.1 and 5.1 cM, respectively. The accuracy of the CcM 1615 was validated in 18 restorers and six maintainer lines. The marker CcM 1615 amplified in majority of male restorer lines with a selection accuracy of 91.66%.     

Tanshinone ⅡA induces apoptosis via JNK signaling pathway in human osteosarcoma HOS cells

AIM: To explore the effect of tanshinone ⅡA on human osteosarcoma HOS cells and the underlying mechanism.METHODS: The cell viability and the appropriate dose of tanshinone ⅡA were determined by CCK-8 assay. Colony formation assay and Transwell assay were used to investigate the proliferation and migration abilities of the HOS cells treated with tanshinone ⅡA. The apoptosis of the HOS cells was monitored by Hoechst 33258 staining, transmission electron microscopy and flow cytometry. The protein levels of apoptosis-related molecules and JNK signaling-associated proteins were determined by Western blot. Meanwhile, a JNK inhibitor was added for confirming the relationship between the pathway and apoptosis mentioned above.RESULTS: Tanshinone ⅡA inhibited both HOS cell proliferation and migration in a dose-and time-dependent manner. Exposure of the HOS cells to tanshinone ⅡA resulted in the activation of apoptosis. Tanshinone ⅡA treatment increased the protein levels of cleaved caspase-3, Bax and JNK signaling-associated proteins, and decreased the protein level of Bcl-2, which were reversed by JNK inhibitor SP600125. Moreover, the result of CCK-8 assay revealed that tanshinone ⅡA-induced cell death was alleviated by JNK inhibitor.CONCLUSION: Tanshinone ⅡA induces cell growth inhibition and the activation of apoptosis via JNK signaling pathway in human osteosarcoma HOS cells.     

Water Extraction Process of Chinese Herbal Compound Man Gan Ning

[Objectives]To optimize the water extraction process of Chinese Herbal Compound Man Gan Ning and establish a method for its extraction and content determination...     

基于变量优选与机器学习的干旱区湿地土壤盐渍化数字制图

土壤盐渍化是导致土壤退化和生态系统恶化的主要原因之一,对干旱区的可持续发展构成主要威胁。为了尽可能精确地监测土壤盐渍化的空间变异性,该研究收集新疆艾比湖湿地78个典型样点,其中选取54个样本作为训练集,24个样本作为独立验证集。基于Sientinel-2 多光谱传感器（Multi-Spectral Instrument,MSI）、数字高程模型（Digital Elevation Model,DEM）数据提取3类指数（红边光谱指数、植被指数和地形指数）,经过极端梯度提升（Extreme Gradient Boosting,XGBoost）算法筛选有效特征变量,构建了关于土壤电导率（Electrical Conductivity,EC）的随机森林（Random Forest,RF）、极限学习机（Extra Learning Machine,ELM）和偏最小二乘回归（Partial Least Squares Regression,PLSR）预测模型,并选择最优模型绘制了艾比湖湿地盐渍化分布图。结果表明：优选的红边光谱指数基本能够预测EC的空间变化;红边光谱指数与植被指数组合建模效果总体上优于其与地形指数的组合,3类指数组合的建模取得了较为理想的预测精度,其中RF模型表现最优（验证集R2=0.83,RMSE=4.81 dS/m,RPD=3.11）;在整个研究区内,中部和东部地区土壤盐渍化程度尤为严重。因此,XGBoost所筛选出的环境因子结合机器学习算法可以实现干旱区土壤盐渍化的监测。     

CPT1A基因在广西麻鸡的表达研究

该研究旨在阐明CPT1A基因在广西麻鸡组织表达和时序表达谱,为研究鸡体内脂肪代谢提供一定的基础资料.选取胚胎期到性成熟时的广西麻鸡,在不同发育时间点采集胸大肌、腓肠肌、心脏和肝脏组织样品,利用实时荧光定量方法,分析CPT1A基因在不同组织不同发育阶段表达规律.组织表达结果显示,CPT1A在广西麻鸡不同发育阶段4种组织中...     

逆境相关转录因子DREB2A转化紫花苜蓿的研究

以逆境性相关转录因子DREB2A为目的基因、除草剂抗性的bar基因为标记,构建了植物表达载体pCD2A,并通过农杆菌介导法以无菌苗子叶为外植体转化公农1号苜蓿。经过共培养、抑菌和筛选培养,在含有2 mg/L Basta的培养基获得71株抗性再生植株。用1 mg/L的Basta对抗性植株叶片进行进一步筛选,并经PCR检测,获得11株阳性植株,表明DREB2A已整合到植株的基因组中。     

花生防御素基因的克隆及原核表达

植物防御素是植物免疫系统的一员,具有防御病原菌侵染植物的功能。本文采用RACE法成功地克隆花生防御素基因,并对其原核表达蛋白进行研究。研究结果表明,采用RACE方法克隆花生防御素基因（AhORRP）,得到的cDNA全长为585bp,含一个225bp的开放阅读框（open reading frame,ORF）,编码75个氨基酸;经同源分析,花生防御素蛋白与其它物种具有33％～70％的同源性。原核表达获得大小约28kD AhDRRP融合蛋白。该基因的克隆及其原核表达融合蛋白的获取为花生防御素功能鉴定打下一定基础。