Effects of Bacterial-Feeding Nematode Grazing and Tea Saponin Addition on the Enhanced Bioremediation of PyreneContaminated Soil Using Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon-Degrading Bacterial Strain

As one of the most widely distributed bacterial predators in the soil, the role of bacterivorous nematodes on the enhanced bioremediation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon-contaminated soils is crucial, but remains to be investigated.A microcosm-level study was conducted to examine the effects of bacterial-feeding nematode grazing and tea saponin(TS) addition on bioremediation of a pyrene-contaminated soil enhanced by the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon(PAH)-degrading bacterial strain Sphingobium sp.PHE9.After 180 d of incubation, the highest pyrene dissipation(71.3%) was achieved through a combination of Sphingobium sp.PHE9 inoculation with nematode and TS addition.Meanwhile, high counts of culturable PAH-degrading bacteria, soil enzyme activity, and biodiversity indices were observed under the combined treatment, implying that the microbiological function of the contaminated soil was significantly restored.Additionally, the results of Tenax~ extraction with the first-order three-compartment model indicated that rate-limiting factors varied among treatments.The lack of degrading microorganisms was the main rate-limiting factor for the treatments involving TS/nematode addition, and inadequate bioaccessible pyrene was the vital rate-limiting factor in the treatments involving Sphingobium sp.PHE9 inoculation.The proposed combined clean-up strategy proved to be a promising bioremediation technology for aged pyrene-contaminated soils.     

茶叶皂角用于提高大豆油-水体系洗脱修复焦化厂土壤中多环芳烃、Cd、Ni的可行性研究

Mixed contaminated brownfield sites have brought serious risks to human health and environmental safety. With the purpose of removing polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs) and heavy metals from a coking plant site, an innovative technology for ex-situ washing was developed in the present work. The combination of 15.0 mL L~(-1) soybean oil and 7.5 g L~(-1) tea saponin proved an effective method to extract co-pollutants from soil. After two consecutive washing cycles, the efficiency rates of removal for 3-, 4-,5(+6)-ring, and total PAHs, Cd, and Ni were approximately 98.2%, 96.4%, 92.3%, 96.3%, 94.1%, and 89.4%, respectively. Meanwhile,as evaluated by Tenax extraction method and metal stability indices, the residual PAHs and heavy metals after consecutive washing mainly existed in the form with extremely low bioaccessibility in the soil. Thus, in the soil after two washing cycles, there appeared limited environmental transfer risk of co-pollutants. Moreover, a subsequent precipitation method with alkaline solution and PAHdegrading strain Sphingobium sp. PHE9 inoculation effectively removed 84.6%–100% of Cd, 82.5%–91.7% of Ni, and 92.6%–98.4% of PAHs from the first and second washing solvents. The recovered solvents also exhibited a high recycling effectiveness. Therefore, the combined cleanup strategy proposed in this study proved environmentally friendly, which also played a major role in risk assessment and management in mixed polluted sites.     

室内空气挥发性有机物的吸附/热解吸气相色谱分析方法研究

室内空气挥发性有机物（Volatile Organic Compounds,VOCs）污染问题日益引起关注与重视,选择一种合适的检测方法对于室内空气污染的研究尤为重要。采用Tenax树脂吸附采样、在线式吹脱捕集仪热解吸进样、HP-5毛细管柱分离、氢火焰离子化检测器（hydrogenflame inonization decector,FID）检测的方法建立了室内空气挥发性有机物的快速分析方法：TenaxGC吸附/热解吸毛细管气相色谱法。确定了最佳采样条件和化合物的定性定量方法,分析了采样效率、分离效果。研究结果表明,该方法采样便捷,样品预处理方便,回收率高,样品测定准确,适合环境空气中低浓度VOCs的测定。     

长期施肥对南方黄泥田土壤磷吸附与解吸的影响

在连续施肥26年南方黄泥田上进行土壤磷的吸附一解吸特征试验.结果表明,不同施肥处理土壤磷的等温吸附曲线与Langmuir方程拟合性较好(P＜0.01).与单施化肥相比,化肥与牛粪或化肥与秸秆长期配施能降低土壤磷吸附亲合力常数(K)、吸附缓冲容量(MBC),提高土壤磷吸附饱和度(DPS);但土壤P最大吸附量(Xm)二者表...     

"江西省典型水稻土对铜的吸附解吸特性研究

以江西省2种典型水稻土(潜育型、潴育型)为试材,采用振荡平衡法研究了铜在水稻土中的吸附-解吸行为,并利用保留因子对铜在水稻土中的环境风险进行了评估。结果表明:潴育型水稻土的吸附能力较强,明显大于潜育型水稻土,但潴育型水稻土的解吸能力小于潜育型水稻土;2种水稻土对铜的吸附均可用Langmuir方程及Freundlich方程较好的拟合;铜的环境风险随铜含量的升高而增大,且潜育型水稻土大于潴育型水稻土。     

不同种类化肥对塿土吸附解吸铅、镉行为的影响

通过塿土对重金属Pb和Cd的吸附解吸试验,研究了5种不同类型氮、磷化肥对重金属Pb、Cd的吸附解吸特性的影响。结果表明:在吸附过程中,添加不同种类肥料能够改变塿土对Cd的吸附量,对Pb影响不大;土壤对Pb~(2+)的等温吸附曲线用Langmuir方程拟合效果好,对Cd的吸附曲线用Freundlich和Langmuir方程拟合均能达到显著水平(P0.01);由Langmuir方程拟合得到的最大吸附量可以看出,除磷酸二氢钾促进了土壤Cd的吸附,其余肥料的添加均抑制了土壤对Pb、Cd的吸附量。在解吸过程中,Pb的解吸过程受肥料影响显著,含磷肥料能促进铅解吸率的增大,解吸率最高可达90%以上。由于添加不同类型的肥料影响了土壤对Pb、Cd的吸附和解吸过程,因此,在已经受到Pb、Cd污染的农田进行耕作时,应谨慎选择施用对Pb、Cd影响强烈的磷肥,以避免增加Pb、Cd的迁移对作物造成危害。     

不同粒级土壤团聚体对砷(Ⅴ)的吸附与解吸影响研究

本文以辽宁省朝阳市日光温室耕层土壤作为研究对象,探讨不同粒径团聚体对土壤中砷(As(Ⅴ))吸附解吸的影响.结果表明,不同粒级团聚体对As(Ⅴ)的吸附和解吸能力均符合Freundlich拟合方程,R2介于0.9528 ～0.9972之间,其中＜53μm粒径团聚体对As(Ⅴ)的吸附、解吸能力最强,并随着粒径的增大,吸附、解吸能力均降低,且不同粒径对As的吸附与解吸能力呈显著正相关关系.随着溶液中As(Ⅴ)的浓度的提高,各粒径团聚体对As(Ⅴ)的吸附、解吸能力均提高,K值介于17.75 ～50.51之间.不同粒级团聚体对As(Ⅴ)的吸附量与土壤有机质含量、游离氧化铁含量及CEC含量之间均呈正相关关系,说明团聚体对As(Ⅴ)的吸附受到土壤团粒胶结剂的影响.     

不同改良材料对铜的吸附-解吸特性研究

用一次平衡实验法进行腐植酸、草炭、绿化植物废弃物、活化绿化植物废弃物和上海灰潮土对Cu2+吸附解吸特性的研究。结果表明:在相同pH条件下,所有材料对Cu2+的吸附量随平衡液中Cu2+浓度的增加而增大,其等温吸附曲线均能较好地用Langmuir方程和Freundlich方程进行拟合。Cu2+初始浓度较小时,绿化植物废弃物、活化绿化植物废弃物和草炭对Cu2+的吸附量不受pH的影响;Cu2+初始浓度较大时,供试材料对Cu2+吸附量具有随pH值增加而增加的趋势,但随着pH的增加,供试材料对Cu2+的解吸率呈逐渐降低的趋势。腐植酸和灰潮土对Cu2+的吸附量随pH的增加有逐渐增大的现象,其解吸率则随pH增加先增大后减小。各供试材料中,绿化植物废弃物、活化绿化植物废弃物和草炭对重金属铜的吸持固定能力最强,环境调节控制能力最佳,对Cu2+的吸附容量大小顺序为绿化植物废弃物>活化绿化植物废弃物>草炭>腐植酸>灰潮土。绿化植物废弃物可以替代草炭用于城市土壤铜污染修复。     

无机汞和甲基汞在土壤中的吸附-解吸特性研究

采用振荡平衡法,研究了无机汞和甲基汞在4种土壤中的吸附-解吸规律及其pH对汞吸附的影响。结果表明：无机汞和甲基汞在土壤中的吸附-解吸均符合Freundlich方程;无机汞在水稻土、红壤、黄褐土、砂姜黑土中吸附的Kf值分别为122.25、86.60、70.95、76.60,甲基汞为55.99、45.00、41.94、40.43。土壤对两种汞均有较强的吸附能力,且土壤对无机汞的吸附能力强于甲基汞。有机质含量越高的土壤,对汞的吸附能力越强;改变土壤初始pH对无机汞的吸附具有一定的影响,过酸或过碱环境不利于土壤对无机汞的吸附,但土壤初始pH变化对甲基汞的吸附影响不大。无机汞和甲基汞在土壤中的解吸过程都存在明显的滞后效应,且吸附能力越强的土壤,解吸能力越弱,滞后性越显著。     

Screening and identification of specific serum biomarkers of Parkinson disease

AIM：To screen the possible serum biomarkers of Parkinson’s disease. METHODS：The surface-enhanced laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (SELDI-TOF-MS) was used to screen the serum samples from 44 cases of Parkinson’s disease and 60 control subjects. The differentially expressed protein peaks were selected and isolated with high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and processed with enzyme before analysis by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The data mining was performed by Xcalibur program component BioWorks 3.2. RESULTS：Three differentially expressed protein peaks were selected as potential serum biomarkers from the patients of Parkinson’s disease: the protein at 8 937 m/z peak showed significant increase (27.47±16.58 in Parkinson’s disease group, and only 5.01±3.47 in control group), and the proteins at 6 636 and 8 697 m/z peaks showed significant decreases (5.43±2.66 and 20.22±9.57, respectively, in Parkinson’s disease group, and 18.85±7.56 and 51.13±26.22, respectively, in control group). The proteins at 6 636, 8 697 and 8 937 m/z peaks were identified as apolipoprotein C-I, apolipoprotein C-III and complement 3a,respectively. Combined use of these 3 biomarkers effectively distinguished the subjects between Parkinsons disease group and control group. The detection rate of the patients with Parkinsons disease was 90.0% (27/30), and the detection rate of the healthy sibkects was 92.5% (37/40). CONCLUSION：The apolipoprotein C-I, apolipoprotein C-III and complement component 3a identified as potential markers of Parkinson’s disease have diagnostic value in clinical application.