采谱方式对竹材气干密度近红外预测模型精度的影响

该文对近红外光谱技术结合化学计量学分析方法快速预测毛竹材气干密度的可行性进行了研究,重点探讨不同采谱方式对所建模型预测精度的影响.为了便于对比,建模过程中光谱数据未经过任何预处理.结果表明,采谱方式影响着模型的预测精度.从竹材横切面采谱所建模型的预测精度最高,内表面（靠近竹黄面）居中,外表面（靠近竹青面）最差.但如果对竹材内外表面的光谱求平均后建模,则可以显著提高模型的预测精度.随后选择最优模型对随机抽取、未参与建模的30个未知样品的密度进行了预测,预测值与测量值的 相关性高,表明近红外光谱技术可以快速、准确地预测竹材的气干密度.      

土壤容重对床土水分特性和人参生长的影响

本文以容重处理的田间和微区床土进行了栽参试验研究。结果表明,土壤容重对床土持水性影响很大,改变床土孔性,使有效水和无效水分布发生变化;适当增加床土容重,有助于人参生长,提高人参表观品质,与最低床土容重处理相比,田间试验4年生和5年生人参单株增重率分别为8.3％和46.4％,微区试验3年生人参单株增重率为44％左右。     

福蔗8710不同密度群体的几个光合特性及产量、品质的比较

根据田间测定和有关生理分析的结果，探讨了福蔗8710在3种不同密度群体[6．3万苗/hm2（D1）、7．2万苗/hm2（D2）、81万苗／hm2（D3）]下的几个光合特性及产量、品质的差异。结果表明：福蔗8710不同密度对其群体光合性状、茎蘖消长及产量均有不同程度的影响，而对其品质性状没有显著影响；在本试验条件下适宜的种植密度为7.2万苗hm2；福蔗8710的分蘖力和群体自动调节能力均比对照种闽糖70一611强，属于中大茎、丰产高糖的中晚熟品种，栽培上应采取相应措施。     

两优6326栽培密度和施肥水平试验

[目的]为了寻求两优6326的最佳栽培模式。[方法]对两系杂交组合两优6326进行栽培密度和施肥水平2个试验,密度试验设5个处理,施肥水平试验设4个处理。[结果]从实际产量结果来看,密度试验12.0万株/hm2的产量最高,折合9865.95kg/hm2;30.0万株/hm2的产量最低,折合9332.1kg/hm2。施肥水平处理1的产量最高,折合10293.45kg/hm2;处理2的产量最低,折合9454.35kg/hm2。从理论产量结果来看,密度试验22.5万株/hm2的产量最高,为13531.5kg/hm2,12.0万株/hm2的产量最低,为9865.95kg/hm2。施肥水平处理1的产量最高,为12412.50kg/hm2,处理2的产量最低,为9855.00kg/hm2。[结论]综合实际产量、理论产量等方面因素,提出两优6326的最佳栽培模式为:栽培密度22.5万株/hm2;基肥施尿素225kg/hm2,氯化钾150kg/hm2,过磷酸钙600kg/hm2;分蘖肥施尿素180kg/hm2,氯化钾120kg/hm2;穗肥施尿素45kg/hm2,氯化钾30kg/hm2。     

笼养密度对肉仔鸡行为的影响及其与胸囊肿发生率的关系

研究笼养密度分别为17只/m2(高密度)、14只/m2(中密度)和11只/m2(低密度)条件下,4~6周龄肉仔鸡的行为特点,以及笼养密度与胸囊肿发生率的关系。结果表明:笼养肉仔鸡各行为持续时间比例中趴卧最高,达77.08%。6周龄肉仔鸡行为与4和5周龄的相比,其行为受密度的影响最大:高密度下趴卧持续时间长、频次低(P<0.05);低密度下行走、饮水、采食、梳羽、舒展、晃动等活动型的行为频次高、持续时间长(P<0.05);高密度下胸囊肿发病率显著高于低密度(P<0.05),且发病率与晃动、梳羽行为持续时间比例及趴卧频次均具有显著的负相关关系(r=-0.997,P=0.048;r=-0.999,P=0.028;r=-0.996,P=0.034)。高笼养密度条件下,肉仔鸡趴卧行为持续时间长,晃动、梳羽等活动型行为持续时间缩短,频次降低,其胸囊肿发生率增大。     

湖羊蛋白酶遗传型结构及系统地位的研究

用“中心产区典型群随机抽样”的方法，对湖羊品种进行遗传检测，在所检测的12个位点中的11个（Alb,Tf,Alp,Lap,Ary-Es,Hb-β，X-p,CA,Cat,Ly和Le)具有多态性，仅Po位点为单态，多态座位比例为91．7％，在27个等位基因中，只有Po^R,Tf^A,Hb-β^A,CA^F和Fe^L的估计可靠程度分别为0.5222,0.7458,0.5222,0.6212,0.8990和0.9070外余21个等位基因估计可靠程度均在0．9545以上。说明“中心产区典型群随机抽样”在特定遗传背景下是一种有效的抽样方法。湖羊的平均杂合度比国内其他绵羊种群偏低，而与国外其他群体相比，平均纯合度偏低。引用国内外14个绵羊群体的相同资料，根据血液酶和其他蛋白质变异的10个基因座位共计33个等位基因的频率，进行系统聚类分析，表明湖羊与蒙古羊亲缘关系较近。     

Effect of hot air,UV-C,white light and modified atmosphere treatments on expression of chlorophyll degrading genes in postharvest broccoli (Brassica oleracea L.) florets

Several treatments were applied in order to delay postharvest degreening in broccoli florets and investigate their effects on genes associated with chlorophyll catabolism. Degradation of chlorophylls is the most evident visual manifestation of broccoli postharvest deterioration, occurring rapidly due to the immature stage in which the material is harvested. Treatments such as storage in modified atmosphere, exposure to hot air, UV-C and white lamps were employed in the current work to induce a delay in degreening and chlorophyll degradation. Expression of genes possibly related to chlorophyll catabolism was analyzed in these samples and discussed. Chlorophyllases, the enzymes traditionally believed to remove the phytol side chain from chlorophyll appear to have a gene expression that was not regulated by postharvest treatments. Pheophytinase, a recently discovered new enzyme in this metabolic pathway, correlated chlorophyll loss accurately in heat, UV-C and white-light treatments, but not in modified atmospheres. Results presented in this work indicate that postharvest treatments that delay chlorophyll degradation have a higher effect on the expression of pheophytinase rather than on chlorophyllase genes.     

基于车辆振动加速度响应的路面识别研究

分别在土路与公路两种路况下,对试验测试得到的车辆振动加速度响应分别从相关性、频域、时域进行信号分析,并对试验条件下的响应信号功率谱密度按照最大峰值进行归一化处理,进而提出路面识别算法。结果表明:路面识别算法可以在一定程度上对路面的频率结构作定性的判断;车辆振动加速度响应信号体现路面不平度特征的信息;分析结论能为路面识别的研究提供参考。     

辽宁省燕麦优化栽培技术研究

以＂沈农燕麦一号＂为试材,采用二次四因子二次通用旋转组合设计,研究辽宁省适宜燕麦生长的播种密度和肥料施用量。结果表明：在产量≥3000kg/hm2的147个方案中,播种量在174.00～185.25kg/hm2,N、P2O5、K2O施用量分别为135.75～152.25kg/hm2、37.35～41.10kg/hm2、110.40～121.05kg/hm2,可获得3581.25kg/hm2以上的产量,N∶P2O5∶K2O最适比例为3.67∶1.00∶2.95。     

Hydro-physical responses of gypseous and non-gypseous soils to livestock grazing in a semi-arid region of NE Spain

Pasture productivity depends on soil hydro-physical properties, which in turn are deeply affected by livestock grazing. However, the comparative response of different soil types, and particularly gypseous soil types, to grazing has hardly been studied before. This paper compares the effect of grazing on the soil hydro-physical properties of silty gypseous (Gy) and non-gypseous (NGy) soils located in a semi-arid region (Middle Ebro Valley, NE, Spain). Two different soil managements were selected: ungrazed natural shrubland (N) and grazed shrubland (GR) soils. The gypsum, CaCO₃ and organic matter content (OM), soil texture, soil bulk density (ρ_b), penetration resistance (PR), saturated sorptivity (S), hydraulic conductivity (K), and the water retention curve (WRC) for undisturbed soil samples from 1 to 10 cm depth soil layer were measured. The ρ_b and PR in NGy soils were significantly higher than those observed in the Gy ones. Soil compaction due to grazing treatment tended to increase ρ_b and decrease the K and S values. While no differences in PR were observed in the Gy soils between grazing treatments, the PR measured in the NGy soils under GR was significantly higher than the corresponding values observed under N. Differences in K and S between GR and N treatments were only significant (p < 0.05) in NGy soils, where K and S values under the N treatment were almost four times greater than the corresponding values measured under GR. Overall, no differences in the WRCs were observed between soil types and grazing treatments. While the WRCs of NGy soils were not significantly affected by the grazing treatment, Gy soils under N treatment present a significantly higher level of soil macropores than under GR treatment. The hydro-physical features of Gy soils tended to be less affected by grazing than those of the NGy soils. These results suggest that livestock grazing, in both Gy and NGy soils, has a negative effect on the physical soil properties, which should be taken into account by land managers of these semi-arid regions where silty gypseous and non-gypseous areas coexist.