1MS-Ⅱ型地膜回收机起膜铲动力性能试验分析

对起膜铲在工作中所受土壤阻力进行试验研究。根据起膜铲需要完成松土起膜、翻起根茬、膜土分离等几项作业的要求，寻求影响土壤阻力的因素，通过试验建立起膜铲几何参数和工作参数与其所受土壤阻力之间的函数关系，通过Matlab最优化方法确定出最佳参数，进行改进设计。试验结果表明，改进后的起膜铲改善了残膜回收机的牵引性能，且有较好的膜土分离、切除根茬的效果。     

可食性魔芋葡甘聚糖耐水耐高温复合膜的配方优化

为了获得综合性能较优的可食性膜,采用主成分几何平均分析法对魔芋葡甘聚糖耐水耐高温膜的试验数据进行多指标分析,获得了该膜综合性能优良的配方,魔芋胶8.00g/L,石蜡4.46g/L,硬脂酸2.60g/L,乳化剂2.41g/L,甘油6.49mL/L,PEG-400为1.49mL/L。结果表明,主成分分析法适合该膜配方优化,优化配方制备的膜具有较高的强度以及良好的阻湿、耐水、耐酸碱、耐高温性能     

残膜污染治理的对策和措施

在分析残膜污染危害的基础上，从地膜生产和使用、残膜回收及再生利用等方面阐述了治理残膜污染的措施和建议。强调指出：发展残膜回收机械是治理残膜污染的有效方法，残膜的再生利用是保护环境、变废为宝、防治残膜污染的关键所在。     

膜孔单点源肥液入渗湿润体特性试验研究

该文通过室内试验，研究了单点源肥液入渗的湿润体特性。研究结果表明：湿润锋的纵剖面形状曲线符合椭圆方程；湿润锋运移距离随时间的变化符合幂函数方程；建立了湿润体纵剖面动态变化的数学模型和膜孔肥液入渗累积入渗量的经验模型以及湿润体平均含水率随时间变化的关系。在此基础上，研究了湿润体内土壤水分的分布特性。该研究为进一步进行膜孔灌溉技术研究奠定了基础。     

Influence of continuous plastic film mulching on yield, water use efficiency and soil properties of rice fields under non-flooding condition

Five field experiments were conducted to study the effects of continuous plastic film mulching on rice yield, water use efficiency and soil properties on different soils with great environmental variabilities in Zhejiang Province, China, under non-flooding condition. The experiment started in 2001 at five sites and ended in 2003 with one rice crop annually. Three treatments included plastic film mulching with no flooding (PM), no plastic film mulching and no flooding (UM), and traditional flooding management (TF). Soil samples were collected after the third year of the experimentation and were analyzed for soil properties. PM increased soil temperature, accelerated decomposition of organic carbon and root growth, there was a slight but statistically insignificant trend of decline in soil bulk density. PM produced the similar rice grain yield as TF at two sites, significantly higher grain yield (5.8% and 20.0% higher) at other two sites, but significantly lower (34.3% lower) yield at one site where no irrigation water was applied and rainfall was the sole water source for rice growth. PM increased water use efficiency by 69.6–106.0% and irrigation water use efficiency by 273.7–519.6%. Compared to TF, PM decreased soil organic matter content by 8.3–24.5%, soil total N by 5.2–22.0%, and available K by 9.6–50.4% at all sites. PM treatment also reduced soil available N by 8.5–26.5% at four sites. Soil total P content in PM treatments reduced by 13.5–27.8% at three sites, and increased by 6.6–8.2% at other two sites. However, PM increased soil available P by 20.9–64.7% at all sites. Systematic cluster analysis indicated the PM treatment distinctively clustered from the other treatment. These results suggested PM could gain higher yield under appropriate water condition and PM may change soil nutrient cycle.     

更接近于气调包装条件下薄膜透气系数的测算方法

提出了更接近于气调包装条件下薄膜透气系数测算的新方法。新的测算方法是先假设一系列薄膜透气系数值，并逐一代入气调包装数学模型中，计算出相应时刻的气体浓度值，并将该计算值与包装中气体浓度实测值比较，当两者差的平方和最小值时，对应的薄膜透气系数假设值即为测算值。结果表明新方法测定的透气系数能客观地反映气调包装条件下薄膜的透气系数。     

Specimen preparation,stain type,and extraction and observation procedures as factors in the estimation of soil mycelial lengths and volumes by light microscopy

Summary A rapid and simple membrane filtration technique to prepare specimens for light microscopy — direct observation of soil mycelial populations —has been developed from past studies. Stain type, and soil extraction and dilution procedures were optimized. The technique involves homogenizing soil suspensions for 60s followed by serial dilution and filtration of suspended soil through a membrane filter to a maximum of 1 mg soil per cm² effective filtering area. Compared with the fluorescein isothiocyanate or acridine orange fluorescent stains, fluorescent brightener stained far greater amounts of mycelia from three fungal species grown in vitro for 2 and 46 days (25°C), and also indigenous mycelia in two grassland soils. Use.of the membrane filtration technique with fluorescent brightener stain also produced significantly (P 0.05) greater estimates of soil mycelial lengths than the agar film preparative technique with phenolic aniline blue stain and phase-contrast microscopy. This was attributed to the staining efficiency of fluorescent brightener, as both the membrane filtration and the agar film techniques produced similar mycelial length and volume estimates g^–1 soil when fluorescent brightener stain was used for both.     

气体射流冲击对流换热系数试验研究

在气体射流冲击试验装置上，冲击温度105～135℃，气流速度6.7～14.4m／s，相对湿度0～30%的范围内，进行了对流换热系数的研究，得到如下结论：物料表面温度T接近饱和温度T_s时，对流换热系数值出现转折，拐点前对流换热系数h为拐点后的3～12倍。在表面温度Ts时，可获得较大的对流换热系数，对流换热系数h随温度、气流速度和湿度的增大而增大，最大可达1403w／(m²·K)。在表面温度T>T_s时，对流换热系数值明显变小，且与0%相对湿度的对流换热系数值接近一致；在气流速度为恒定时，温度和湿度对对流换热系数影响不明显；在温度为恒定时，对流换热系数随气流速度的增加而增大，湿度变化对其影响不明显，对流换热系数h在120～136w／(m²·K)范围内。     

膜孔灌多点源交汇入渗影响因素试验研究

通过大量膜孔多点源交汇入渗试验资料，分析了膜孔多点源交汇入渗特性和影响因素，研究了膜孔直径、膜孔间距、土壤质地、土壤容重和土壤初始含水率等因素对多点源膜孔交汇入渗的影响，提出了各影响因素与膜孔交汇入渗量和交汇时间的关系，并分析了膜孔交汇入渗机理。该研究成果可为进一步研究多点源交汇入渗规律和膜孔灌技术提供参考。     

改进地面灌水技术设施的研究

地面灌溉是一种古老而又应用最广的灌水方法,世界上各国都十分重视改进地面灌水技术的研究。本文提出了二种新的改进地面灌水技术设施——麦棉套膜上灌和简易间歇灌研究结果,它们均具有节水增产、灌水速度快、灌水均匀和投资小的优点,并对此二种地面灌水方法的设施、控制运用和节水增产机理作了初步探讨。