鲤鱼、黄鱼和大眼鰤鲈消化酶活性的比较研究

对鲤鱼 (Cyprinuscarpio)、黄 鱼桑鱼 (Pseudobaqrusfulvidraco)、大眼 鱼师鲈 (Stizostedionvitreum)各消化器官消化酶进行了测定分析。结果表明 :鲤鱼肝胰脏蛋白酶活性最强 ,黄鱼桑鱼和大眼鱼师鲈胃中蛋白酶活性最强 ,3种鱼蛋白酶活性顺序为 :大眼鱼师鲈 >黄鱼桑鱼 >鲤鱼 ,表明食性不同 ,摄食能力不同 ,蛋白酶活性也不同 ;3种鱼淀粉酶的活性顺序为 :鲤鱼 >黄鱼桑鱼 >大眼鱼师鲈 ,其酶活性与鱼类的食性有关 ;消化酶在肠道分布 ,无固定规律 ,而是因鱼而异     

雷公藤甲素对粘虫中肠消化酶及其组织结构的影响

测试雷公藤甲素对粘虫中肠消化酶活性的影响 ,并对中毒试虫的中肠组织结构进行显微观察。结果表明 ,处理试虫脂肪酶活性在痉挛期和麻痹期分别下降 2 6 .0 %和 39.1% ,达极显著水平 ;淀粉酶、蛋白酶活性在各个时期的变化均不显著 ;中肠细胞变厚且混乱变形 ,组织许多部位呈消融状 ,肠壁细胞层排列不规则 ,柱状细胞与杯状细胞排列不整齐 ,并有纵肌、微绒毛脱落现象。     

Se对小麦的生态毒理效应及临界指标研究

采用土壤添加Se的盆栽试验方法,研究了Se对小麦的生态毒理效应及监界指标。结果表明,低浓度Se(<8mg·kg-1)对小麦根和地上生物量、叶绿素a含量、叶绿素a/b有促进作用,并整体提高了作物抗氧化酶系统,使MDA下降,SOD、CAT、GSH-Px活性相应提高。而高浓度Se(>16mg·kg-1)对小麦根和地上生物量、叶绿素a含量、叶绿素a/b有明显的抑制作用,对抗氧化酶系统产生胁迫效应,使GSH-Px明显上升,MDA上升,SOD、CAT酶活性明显下降,对POD活性影响不明显。各项生理指标与土壤Se处理浓度之间相关分析表明,土壤Se浓度与地上部干重相对百分率、根干重百分率、叶绿素a/b、MDA、SOD、CAT之间有显著相关性。比较胁迫效应10%值的临界指标EC10值表明,作物地上部干重抑制率和根干重抑制率作为土壤临界值制定的依据更为可靠,根干重的EC10为30mg·kg-1。     

燕麦劣变种子吸胀过程中线粒体AsA-GSH循环的生理响应

为探究种胚线粒体抗坏血酸-谷胱甘肽(ascorbate-glutathione,AsA-GSH)循环响应老化的抗氧化作用机制,本试验通过控制劣变处理获得高活力和中活力燕麦(AvenaSativa.L)种子,以未老化种子作为对照,研究了吸胀过程中的发芽特性、种胚线粒体活性氧(reactive oxygen species...     

抗菌肽在哺乳动物防御系统中的作用

抗菌肽是近年来发现的广泛存在于自然界的一类阳离子抗菌活性肽，它们在宿主先天性免疫和适应性免疫中有重要作用。多数抗菌肽具有分子小、带正电、两亲性、抗菌谱广等共同特点。防御素和calhelicidins是哺乳动物的两大主要抗菌肽家族，它们通过抵抗致病菌入侵为宿主提供了第一道防线而对宿主具有先天的抗菌防御功能，其中一些多肽对未分化的树突状细胞、淋巴细胞有趋化性，另外还有诱导细胞因子生成、肥大细胞脱粒等作用，从而表明这些多肽能动员并增强宿主的先天性免疫和适应性免疫。本文主要对哺乳动物抗菌肽的一般性质、基因及其表达、在宿主防御中的作用、作用机理及研究前景进行了概述。     

Effect of Salt Stress on the Salicylic Acid Synthesis in Young Maize (Zea mays L.) Plants

The effect of salt stress on salicylic acid (SA) synthesis was investigated parallel with the induction of antioxidant enzymes in young maize plants. Two-week-old maize plants grown in hydroponic solution were treated with 50 or 100 m m NaCl for 7 days. Antioxidant enzyme activities, and the SA and o -hydroxy-cinnamic acid (oHCA) levels were measured on the 3rd and 7th day of treatment and after 4 days of recovery. Ascorbate peroxidase activity increased in the leaves, but changes in guaiacol peroxidase activity only could be detected in the roots after 7 days. Glutathione reductase activity increased both in the leaves and in the roots after the 3rd day of 100 m m NaCl treatment. Free SA only increased during recovery in the leaves and roots. In the leaves of plants treated with 100 m m NaCl, a slight increase was observed in the free oHCA level, which rose dramatically after recovery, while in the roots an increase could only be seen after recovery. These results suggest that oHCA may serve not only as a precursor of SA but may also have an antioxidant role during salt stress and recovery.     

大麦型饲料中添加NSP酶促仔猪生长的内分泌作用机制

选 90头体质量约 14 kg“杜长嘉”仔猪 ,随机分成 3组 ,分别饲以玉米 -豆粕型、大麦型及大麦 0 .2 % NSP酶的饲粮。研究结果表明 ,大麦饲粮中添加 NSP酶使仔猪日增重、日采食量较大麦组显著提高 ,料重比显著降低。与玉米 -豆粕组相比 ,日增重无明显影响 ,但日采食量得到显著提高。与大麦组相比 ,加 NSP酶组猪十二指肠内容物中总蛋白水解酶、胰蛋白酶、淀粉酶和脂肪酶活性均显著下降 ,与玉米 -豆粕组相比则无明显变化。 NSP酶组仔猪血清尿素氮含量比大麦组和玉米 -豆粕组分别降低了 2 9.35 % (P<0 .0 5 )和 2 2 .98% (P<0 .0 5 ) ,谷丙转氨酶活性亦明显降低。此外 ,加 NSP酶组仔猪血清中 C肽、T3和胃泌素水平分别比大麦对照组提高了 5 3.0 6 % (P<0 .0 5 )、38.6 7% (P<0 .0 5 )和12 3.74 % (P<0 .0 5 )。而大麦组 C肽、T3和胃泌素水平比玉米 -豆粕组分别降低了 35 .5 3% (P<0 .0 5 )、2 1.0 5 % (P<0 .0 5 )和 5 2 .5 7% (P<0 .0 5 )。由此可见 ,大麦作为主要的能量物质能替代猪饲料中的玉米 ,但需添加特定的 NSP酶 ,才能改善仔猪生长 ,并取得良好的经济效益     

禾谷镰刀菌侵染引致小麦穗组织细胞壁成分变化的细胞化学研究

 本文采用细胞化学方法, 对健康和禾谷镰刀菌(Fusarium graminearum)侵染的小麦穗组织中细胞壁主要成分进行了比较分析。电镜观察发现, 被侵穗部组织细胞壁中的主要成分如纤维素、木聚糖和果胶质的标记密度下降, 显著低于未接种的健康对照组织。结果表明病菌侵染和扩展过程中分泌产生了纤维素酶、木聚糖酶和果胶酶等细胞壁降解酶类, 造成寄主细胞壁成分的分解及细胞壁松弛, 从而有利于病菌在寄主穗部组织中的侵染和扩展。     

Antioxidant activity and oxygen-scavenging system in orange pulp during fruit ripening and maturation

The antioxidant activity (ferric reducing/antioxidant power, FRAP) and oxygen-scavenging system of pulps during the fruit ripening and maturation were investigated in three cultivars of sweet orange (Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck). The highest FRAP values and activities of antioxidant enzymes and contents of nonenzymes were detected in ‘Red Flesh’ navel orange. The activities of oxygen-scavenging enzymes, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), guaiacol peroxidase (G-POD), decreased with ripening and maturation of fruit. Ascorbate peroxidase (AsA-POD) and dehydroascorbate reductase (DHAR) activities were also stably declined, whereas glutathione reductase (GR) activity and nonenzymes in the ascorbate–glutathione cycle displayed a single-peak pattern which paralleled the significant changes in FRAP values. In addition, the ratios of ascorbate/dehydroascorbate (AsA/DHAsA), reduced glutathione/oxidized glutathione (GSH/GSSG) were also decreased. Changes in the activities of antioxidant enzymes and the contents of nonenzymes during ripening indicated that the antioxidant system plays a fundamental role in the ripening of orange fruits.     

鸭疫里氏杆菌九种氨基糖苷类修饰酶基因的检测

用PCR技术对在革兰氏阴性菌中常见的9种氨基糖苷类修饰酶基因进行检测,从1株鸭疫里氏杆菌种检测到了ant(3″)-Ⅰ基因,说明修饰酶已经在中国的鸭疫里氏杆菌中存在。