水稻细菌性条斑病发生及流行因子分析

人工接种及病区调查研究结果表明，在种植感病品种情况下，气温决定了水稻细菌性条斑病的发生与否和潜育期的和短衣病斑长度；病害发生的最低温为１２℃，发病最适温度为２５－３０℃以上，而湿度决定此病发病率及严重度。结合主成分分析，该病在田间的流行取决于温度／湿度及降雨量。台风暴雨造成的伤口有利于病害的流行。     

水稻主要病虫综合治理效益评估方法

水稻主要稻虫综合治理是一个多输入输出的管理系统，作者层次法引入水稻病虫综合防治效益评估研究。采用专家咨询、数学分析等手段建立了水稻病虫综合防治效益评估层次模型，对总目标、亚目标、准则，指层要的权重值进行科学评估，并对指标层各个要素建立定量化方法，从而建立了一整套综合防治效益定量评估方法，通过对４个综合防治点１９９２－１９９３年早、晚委的综合防治总体效益进行评估，评估结果基本客观地反映了当前水稻ＩＥ     

农作物重要病原菌颉颃菌的筛选

从全国6省12个地区的26种植物根围采集到土壤样本50份。经室内分离、纯化后得到以芽孢杆菌为主的细菌菌株226个。以水稻、小麦和棉花等6种农作物上主要病原菌(8种真菌,4种细菌)为指示菌对这226个菌株进行平板双培养法抑菌测定,分别筛选到至少对1种病原真菌或细菌有颉颃活性的菌株95个和78个。对进一步研制防治不同作物病害的生物制剂建立了一个颉颃菌资源库。     

粳型光敏感核不育水稻杂种优势的研究

本文观察了5个种植在武汉和荆门的粳稻光敏感核不育品系之间的杂种 F_1。结果证明,杂种 F_1的主要经济性状均优于其父本和对照,1541S 和背子谷 S 的配合力提高,其杂种优势明显。F_1的主要经济性状对比其父本的回归分析表明,对于不同的 RGMS 品系的选择标准应是不同的。此外,本文还分析了4种产量构成因素,证明有效穗数和每穗粒数是决定因素。     

矮秆早中籼稻米粒垩白与其他性状相关性的研究

本文选用26个品种(系)研究了矮秆早中籼稻米粒垩白与其他性状的相关性。结果表明,米粒垩白与产量、生育期、株型、米粒形状和大小、直链淀粉含量、食味等性状密切相关。     

A Review on How Plant Hormones and Environment Factors Are Involved in Rice Root Hair Development

Plant root hairs are important structures on the root surface for absorption of water, inorganic and organic nutrients. The root hairs which are regulated by both genetic and environmental factors, also play important roles when plants are dealing with environmental stress conditions. In this review, we analyzed how stress such as P deficiency, genetic factors and the core regulatory network composed of ABA，ETH, ABA work together during the regulation of rice root hair development. At last, we come up with issues which remains unclear but are critical and could be potential research focus.     

湖南早稻的增产潜力与发展对策

分析了湖南早稻生产滑坡的原因，并从品种（组合）和栽培技术方面分析了湖南早稻的增产潜力及提出了今后发展的对策。     

Amelioration of Drought-Induced Transplanting Shock in Rice by an Abscisic Acid Analog in Combination with the Growth Retardant Tetcyclacis

The protective effect of a synthetic terpenoid analog of abscisic acid (ABA), coded LAB 173711, on transplant shock in rice was investigated under field conditions. Rice seedlings (Fujisaka 5 and IR 20) were taken from a seed bed and their roots were immersed in aqueous solutions of the growth regulators for 24 h. Afterwards they were drought-stressed for 3 or 6 h by exposing them to direct sunlight before they were transplanted to the field. A pretreatment with either LAB 173711 alone or in combination with the growth retardant tetcyclacis reduced the loss of water during the exposure to sunlight, increased the percentage of survival of the seedlings in the field, and increased the percentage of grain filling of the plants which had survived. The combined application of growth regulators was most effective and may be useful for minimizing transplant shock in rice and other crops.     

拔节孕穗期水分胁迫对水稻生理特性的影响

采用盆栽试验研究了水稻拔节孕穗期水分胁迫复水后的光合特性和生理活性。结果表明,胁迫后复水叶片净光合速率日变化为双峰曲线,有明显的光合午休,对照则为单峰曲线。轻度5 d胁迫处理的叶片在复水后其净光合速率(Pn)、蒸腾速率(Tr)、气孔导度(Cs)均高于对照;轻度10 d和重度5 d处理在午前较低而在午后高于对照,但重度10 d处理则低于对照。轻度胁迫处理复水后叶片叶绿素a、叶绿素b、类胡萝卜素(CAR)含量和叶绿素(a b)总量均可超过对照,表现出超补偿效应,而重度水分胁迫处理则低于对照。复水短期内胁迫处理丙二醛(M DA)浓度均低于对照,后期则高于对照。长历时水分胁迫降低了水稻的产量和干物质累积量,而短历时胁迫处理与对照接近。     

Phylogenetic analysis based on ITS sequences and conditions affecting the type of conidial germination of Bipolaris oryzae

One taxonomic characteristic of Bipolaris species is the bipolar germination of conidia, but conidia of Bipolaris oryzae , the causal pathogen of brown spot in rice, are regularly observed to show intercalary germination, a characteristic of Drechslera species. The effect of selection, culture media and culture age on type of conidial germination was determined for three brown spot isolates from Cavinti, San Pablo and Palawan in the Philippines, obtained from infected leaves showing typical disease symptoms. Based on the analyses of their ITS1, ITS2 and 5·8S rDNA nucleotide sequences, the local isolates were clearly identified as B. oryzae . Selection for colonies of the three isolates derived from single conidia with either bipolar or intercalary germination had no effect on the number of spores showing bipolar germination in subsequent cultures. Germination on seven different culture media was tested; of these, rabbit food agar and water agar increased the percentage of bipolar germination of conidia, although this varied between isolates. Incubation of the cultures of all three isolates for longer periods prior to harvesting conidia increased the percentage of bipolar-germinating conidia from c . 40 to c . 90% with 5-day-old and 30-day-old cultures, respectively.