锥栗贮藏温度对淀粉降解速率的影响

研究了3个不同锥栗品种在1，5，10℃等不同温度下贮藏120 d，并研究了贮藏过程淀粉含量的变化和淀粉降解速率，将降解速率与贮藏温度、品质变化和贮藏时间相关联，建立了锥栗贮藏方程。根据该方程，淀粉的含量随贮藏时间和贮藏温度的提高而降低，在试验范围内，低温度效果比高温度效果好。锥栗的品质与贮藏时间、贮藏温度和品种有关。     

固体水野外造林试验初报

为了寻找促进干旱半干旱地区植被恢复的新途径,对深圳市艾德迈尔科技有限公司发明的新型抗旱造林产品--"春之霖"固体水进行了研究.对使用固体水处理、秸杆覆盖处理、对照等措施进行对比试验,结果表明,固体水能够提供3个月以上的水分给苗木在干旱期中生长,使用固体水的供试苗木成活情况均在90%以上,其中山杏、白榆、青杨、沙棘和火炬树的成活分别比对照提高了32.6%,26.7%,24.2%,7.4%和61.1%.同时对固体水的释水情况进行了调查,结果表明,固体水前期的释水速度约为4 g/d,后期约为5 g/d,后期快于早期,正好为苗木进入旺盛生长提供必要的水分,可以较明显地提高造林成功率.     

Do rates of litter decomposition tell us anything we really need to know?

Results of several long-term studies of non-woody litter decomposition in forests indicate that we need to rethink why and how we measure rates of litter decomposition. Effects on litter decomposition rates were postulated to explain some of the nutritional effects of factors such as tree species, forest harvesting and fertilization. However, the accumulated experimental evidence indicates that litter decomposition rates do not mediate these responses. Many studies have reported litter mass loss becoming extremely slow at values considerably below 100%, indicating that early decay rates may not accurately foreshadow the entire decay process. Exclusion of soil faunal activities from current measurements of decomposition rates seriously reduces the likelihood that we are properly modeling decomposition. Finally, the use of regression and correlation analyses to determine which climate or initial litter quality factors control decay rate has led to many unwarranted and potentially misleading conclusions. These concerns are illustrated with examples from a suite of litter decomposition studies in British Columbia, Canada. Insights into nutrient cycling and carbon storage in ecosystems are more likely to arise from measuring the mass and nutrient content of annual litter input and determining the maximum decomposition limit and nutrient content at that stage, than by measuring early rates of decay. Improved predictions of relative decay rates of plant litters are likely to arise from a holistic approach based on plant life attributes rather than correlations based on individual initial litter chemistry parameters. Finally, a better understanding of the fate of faecal material of soil fauna is necessary before we can accurately predict and model litter decomposition.     

Effect of GYY4137 on cytosolic lipid decomposition in mouse primary hepatocytes

AIM: To evaluate the effect of GYY4137, a novel hydrogen sulfide (H₂S) donor, on cytosolic lipid decomposition in mouse primary steatosis hepatocytes. METHODS: Oleic acid (OA) was used to induce hepatic steatosis model in vitro. The C57BL/6 mouse primary hepatocytes isolated and cultured by 2-step in situ perfusion were divided into 4 groups:the cells in control group were incubated with normal medium for 54 h; the cells in model group were incubated with OA at 1.2 mmol/L for 48 h followed by serum-free phenol red-free RPMI-1640 for 6 h; the cells in H₂S group or DL-propar-gylglycine (PAG; an inhibitor of cystathione γ-lysase, inhibiting H₂S synthesis) group were incubated with OA at 1.2 mmol/L for 48 h followed by serum-free phenol red-free RPMI-1640 which contained 1 mmol/L GYY4137 or 200 μmol/L PAG for 6 h. The glycerin release and the protein expression of hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) in the cells were mea-sured. RESULTS: Compared with model group, the glycerin release and the protein expression of phosphorylated HSL (p-HSL) in H₂S group decreased significantly, while those increased significantly in PAG group. CONCLUSION: In steatosis hepatocytes, exogenous H₂S possibly decreases cytosolic lipid decomposition by decreasing the protein level of p-HSL.     

应用灰色关联分析法评价福建省春花生新品种

应用灰色系统理论中的关联度分析法,对福建省近年来育成的春花生新品种进行了综合定量评价。结果表明:泉花627与参考品种间的加权关联度(0.9109)最大,其次是闽花6号,第三是闽花5号,第四是泉花538。     

树木枯落叶在河流水体中的分解及氮、磷释放动态

以郑州市东风渠为试验点,选择法国梧桐枯落叶为对象,利用分解袋法,在为期39d的分解试验中,研究了落叶分解及氮、磷的动态变化。结果表明:分解过程中,样品质量变化呈现持续减少的趋势,试验期间质量损失约11.6%,理论完全分解时间约8.21a。在生物和非生物因素共同作用下,落叶中的氮、磷含量变化波动较大。试验初期(0-9d),氮含量快速降低;然后又表现为逐渐升高,在分解后期(29-39d)又呈现下降趋势。落叶中磷含量在分解初期呈下降趋势,随后又逐渐升高,到分解中期,磷含量又表现为先下降后升高的趋势,至分解末期,再次出现下降。落叶中氮素的累积指数NAI和磷素累积指数PAI整体上表现出以释放为主。随分解时间,大体上呈现释放-积累-再释放的规律。     

基于小波分解的害虫发生非平稳时间序列分析和预测

将小波分解应用于害虫发生程度非平稳时间序列的分析和预测。通过小波分解,将非平稳时间序列分离为多个平稳分量,然后采用自回归滑动平均方法对各平稳分量分别进行分析和建模,最后将所有分量的模型进行组合,从而可以得到原非平稳时间序列的预测模型。在实例分析中,利用1959年至2004年烟台市一代玉米螟发生程度数据序列建立了预测模型,利用2005年至2009年的数据对模型进行了检验。检验结果表明:5年预测准确率达到了80%,预测效果令人满意。     

衰亡期沉水植物对水和沉积物磷迁移的影响

通过室内模拟的方式,分别研究了秋季黑藻、苦草和春季菹草的衰亡过程,分析了沉水植物在衰亡期间水、沉积物中磷与环境因子[pH、氧化还原电位(Eh)和溶解氧(DO)]的相互作用。结果表明:沉水植物黑藻和菹草在衰亡期间能显著提高水中总磷(TP)、溶解性总磷(DTP)、颗粒磷(PP)、溶解性活性磷(SRP)和溶解性有机磷(DOP)的含量;苦草在衰亡期对水体各形态磷含量影响不显著,且各形态磷含量的变化相对较小(TP,0.04-0.06 mg/L);环境因子的变化对水中磷含量影响显著,黑藻和菹草水体中TP的含量和环境因子pH、DO和Eh均呈负相关,而苦草组水中各形态磷的含量受环境因子影响不显著。实验期间不同植物组沉积物中总磷(TP)、NaOH提取磷(NaOH-P)、HCl提取磷(HCl-P)、无机磷(IP)和有机磷(OP)的含量均呈上升趋势。沉积物IP的含量主要受NaOH-P的影响,OP对TP的影响要大于IP,沉积物OP与OM(有机质)的含量存在显著正相关。     

废弃烟沫堆置发酵有机肥腐熟菌种的分离、筛选和鉴定

[目的]为加速烟草废弃物的资源化利用,筛选适合废弃烟沫快速发酵腐熟的微生物菌种成为资源化利用的重要一环。[方法]利用纤维素刚果红选择性培养基,分别从废弃烟丝、腐熟牛粪、油枯有机肥和味精下脚料等田固体废弃物中分离筛选腐熟菌种,并进行复筛、纯化和鉴定。[结果]共筛得16株腐熟菌株,其中复筛出6株高效菌株分别为F1、F2、F3、N1、N2、W1。经16S r DNA和Biolog鉴定,该6种菌菌株分别为Bacillus subtillis,Bacillus subtillis,Bacillus amyloliquefaciens,Bacillus amyloliquefaciens,Mycobacterium vaccae,Bacillis amyloliquefaciens;纤维素分解能力试验结果表明,6种降解菌对烟沫中纤维素的降解能力为N1F3N2F2F1W1;在烟碱浓度为低浓度0.1%时耐烟碱能力为F2F3=N1W1F1N2,在烟碱浓度为高浓度0.5%时耐烟碱能力为F2F3N1N2W1=F1,同时N1与N2、N1与F1、N1与F2之间没有拮抗作用。[结论]N1与N2复配构成废弃烟沫专用腐熟菌种为最佳选择。     

细根分解研究概况

植物主要依赖于细根获取水分和养分,分配到地下部分细根的生物量占总生物量的比例很高且周转迅速,因此在某些森林生态系统中,细根周转对土壤有机质的贡献大于地上部分凋落物,细根分解是陆地生态系统C和养分的重要输入途径.但是,当前国内对细根分解的研究不够重视,在这方面的研究有待于加强.