金针菇的营养保健作用

本文对金针菇的营养成分进行了综述，对其生理活性物质、富锌菌丝体、富锗菌丝体及其制剂的生理功能进行了总结。     

Using glomalin as an indicator for arbuscular mycorrhizal hyphal growth: an example from a tropical rain forest soil

Glomalin concentrations of extra-radical arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) hyphae were estimated by deploying hyphal in-growth cores containing glomalin-free sand in field soils in a tropical forest and in pot cultures. In field soils, glomalin was 0.044±0.013 μg m⁻¹ hyphae. In pot cultures glomalin concentrations were lower (range 0.0068-0.036 μg m⁻¹), and varied significantly among species. Using this technique, preliminary estimates of extraradical AM hyphal production on Inceptisols were 1.91 Mg ha⁻¹yr⁻¹ and on Oxisol were 1.47 Mg ha⁻¹ yr⁻¹, but they could range between 0.9-5.7 Mg ha⁻¹ yr⁻¹. These rates of hyphal production are approximately 10% (range 5-33%) of estimated above ground primary production of the forest.     

丛枝菌根真菌研究中土壤灭菌方法综述

丛枝菌根真菌与植物根系的共生关系是当今微生物领域的研究热点之一。建立无丛枝菌根真菌的对照则是此研究的难点。本研究综述了高温灭菌法、γ射线灭菌法、化学熏蒸法、苯菌灵抑制法和物理割断法5种常用方法。每种方法各有利弊,高温灭菌法、γ射线灭菌法和化学熏蒸法适用于室内试验,但前两者对土壤理化性质有一定的影响,化学熏蒸法会破坏环境;苯菌灵抑制法和物理割断法适用于室外试验,其中前一种方法会破坏环境,需严格控制药剂用量,后一种方法虽环保,但可能影响土壤中水分和营养成分的交换。因此,研究者应根据研究环境和目的选择适宜的方法。     

意蜂蜂王酒精提取液对中蜂行为的影响

每天以一定剂量的意大利蜜蜂 (意蜂 )蜂王酒精提取液 ,点滴在有分蜂热的中华蜜蜂 (中蜂 )蜂群的上梁上 ,可明显抑制中蜂群的分蜂 .表现在 :中蜂群春季自然换王时间推迟至秋季 ,王台内小蜂王幼虫被拖弃和台基被完全毁掉 ;秋季蜂王自然交替时间延长 ,且有新、老蜂王同巢产卵和越冬前新王停产推迟现象 .对照群在春季如期营造自然王台和分蜂 ,越冬前蜂王停产早 .蜂群失王后 ,如果立即连续点滴蜂王酒精提取液 ,可抑制工蜂产卵 .无王群出现产卵工蜂后 ,如果用蜂王酒精提取液也能有效解除工蜂的产卵行为     

丛枝菌根真菌根外菌丝对紫色土中的氮素利用状况

摘 要：本研究采用修改后的Hawkins and George（1999）的装置,并以中性紫色土壤为基质模拟自然生长环境,研究根外菌丝对土壤中的氮素的利用状况。结果表明：接种Glomus intraradices发挥了较好的菌根效应,相对不接种处理,普遍提高了玉米地上部和根系的氮、磷营养状况;根外菌丝能扩大根系对氮素的吸收范围,扩大的吸收范围应不小于5cm;而根外菌丝利用的氮素形态主要是无机态的氮。     

丛枝菌根根外菌丝对铵态氮和硝态氮吸收能力的比较

采用空气隔板分室法并结合15N标记技术,以玉米为宿主植物并接种Glomus mosseae和Glomus intraradices,比较了这两种真菌根外菌丝对铵态氮和硝态氮吸收传递能力的差异。结果表明,丛枝菌根根外菌丝吸收传递氮的能力因菌种和氮素形态而异。两种真菌根外菌丝吸收传递NH4+-N能力均高于NO3--N;G. intraradices根外菌丝吸收传递氮的能力高于G. mosseae,这可能与两种真菌根外菌丝生长量有关。     

蛹虫草培养基碳源和氮源对菌丝生长量的影响

采用菌丝重量法研究了蛹虫草培养基的碳源与氮源,比较了不同碳、氮源品种间的差异,筛选出较佳的碳源与氮源,并对二者的含量进行了研究。结果表明在0~5%之间,菌丝生长量随碳、氮源含量的增加而增加;同时碳氮比的研究也从另一侧面证实了以上结论。     

Parasitism of macroconidia, chlamydospores and hyphae of Fusarium culmorum by mycoparasitic Pythium species

Parasitism of macroconidia and endoconidial chlamydospores of Fusarium culmorum by Pythium oligandrum was studied on water agar (WA), corn-meal agar (CMA) and glass slides. Loss of cytoplasmic content in F. culmorum spores was followed by complete degradation, and P. oligandrum produced an abundance of oogonia on the parasitized macroconidia. A simple method for assessing the relative aggressiveness of isolates is presented, based on the percentage of macroconidial cells devoid of cytoplasm. Parasitism of macroconidia by P. acanthophoron , P. oligandrum and P. periplocum , but not by the plant pathogenic species, P. tracheiphilum , was demonstrated by this method. Interactions between hyphae of P. oligandrum and F. culmorum on WA resulted in an increase in the number of oogonia of P. oligandrum and a decrease in the sporulation of F. culmorum . The ability of isolates of P. oligandrum , P. periplocum , P. acanthophoron and P. mycoparasiticum to suppress disease symptoms caused by F. culmorum on barley seedlings was demonstrated in a greenhouse test.     

Effect of Concentration of Phosphate on Spore Germination and Hyphal Growth of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungus,Gigaspora margarita Becker & Hall

Extract

Arbuscular mycorrhizae are symbiotic associations between plant roots and soil fungi that belong to the order Glomales. They enhance the uptake of phosphate and improve plant growth (Mos.se 1973). Those functions have not fully been utilized in Japan, where a large amount of phosphate fertilizer is usually applied, because arbuscular mycorrhizal colonisation in plant is inhibited by a large application of phosphate (Mosse 1973; Abbott et al. 1984; Tawaraya et al. 1985; Schubert and Hayman 1986; Thomson et al. 1986; Amijee et al. 1989). It is important to analyse the conditions for symbiotic association between fungi and host plant to use arbuscular mycorrhiza.     

女儿与父亲:受害者与施害者——《已故上校的女儿》浅析

本文就凯塞琳·曼斯菲尔所写的《已故上校的女儿》进行了浅析.着重分析了凯塞琳·曼斯菲尔笔下的父与女这种血缘关系实质上却是一种因长与囚犯,镇压者与被镇压者,施害者与受害者的关系。揭露了西方男性统治社会的腐败,号召妇女站立起来。