福建省引种台湾青枣的寒冻害风险分析与区划

为了摸清台湾青枣在福建复杂地形下引种的寒冻害风险, 规避在高风险区引种, 本文依据灾害风险系统理论、气象和农业经济资料, 在分析寒冻害危险性、青枣脆弱性和引种区防寒防冻能力的基础上, 应用层次分析法、熵权系数法、加权综合评价法等构建了台湾青枣寒冻害风险评价指标和模型, 对福建省引种台湾青枣的寒冻害风险程度进行等级评价和区域划分。结果表明: 在风险因素构成上, 寒冻害危险性在综合风险中起决定性作用, 引种区防寒防冻能力只能略微减轻寒冻害带来的风险。惠安县、厦门市以南沿海县市的青枣引种区为轻度寒害风险区域, 该区域寒冻害致灾危险性指数低, 中度以上的寒冻害发生频次少或没有出现过; 漳州市内陆的较低海拔地区, 福州市沿海低海拔地区, 同安区、惠安县及永春县的部分区域为中度寒冻害风险区域, 该区域寒冻害危险性指数相对较低, 中度以上寒冻害发生频次相对较少; 其余青枣引种区的冻害风险在重度以上, 其中龙岩市、漳州市西部山区、福州市西部和北部山区、永春县、宁德市辖区及霞浦县有严重冻害风险。结合近年来福建出现的青枣寒冻害个例分析, 青枣寒冻害形态表征程度与该地域风险评估结果较为吻合, 风险区划结果可为福建引种台湾青枣提供布局决策参考。     

小麦中后期草地贪夜蛾为害特征观察

自草地贪夜蛾入侵我国以来,多地出现其幼虫为害麦苗的报道,但其对小麦中后期的为害特征未有明确的描述。为明确草地贪夜蛾幼虫期与黄淮海麦区小麦生育期吻合时能否造成危害,本文通过在河南新乡、北京延庆进行田间笼罩和网室接虫试验,对草地贪夜蛾在小麦中后期上的为害特征进行了系统观测。结果表明,4月－6月草地贪夜蛾可以为害小麦;罩网情况下草地贪夜蛾可以取食小麦叶片、叶鞘,钻蛀小穗,造成蛀孔,还可以啃食小麦籽粒。在平均百株虫量为6头的网室内,平均被害穗率为11.0%。被害穗剥检发现,蛀孔率平均为17.80%,最高可达35.48%。研究结果为麦田草地贪夜蛾的预测预报和有效防控提供了参考。但本结果仅为笼罩条件下的数据,在田间自然状态下草地贪夜蛾幼虫对中后期小麦的为害情况有待进一步研究。     

Advance in function of deubiquitination enzyme BRCC36

The protein of BRCC36 is a kind of enzyme specifically hydrolyzing K63-linked poly-ubiquitin chain and widely found in a variety of eukaryotic cells. BRCC36 recognizes diverse substrate proteins, and participates in various kinds of pathophysiological responses such as DNA damage repair, cell signal transduction and cell cycle control. It plays an important role in the process of cancer, angiogenesis and cardiac injury. This review discusses the progress in the investigation on BRCC36 protein to provide the necessary information for searching new therapeutic targets of many diseases.     

Effects of soybean isflavones on mitochondrial damage and neuronal apoptosis induced by cerebral ischemia/reperfusion

AIM: To study the effects of soybean isoflavones on mitochondrial ultrastructure, neuronal apoptosis and expression of cytochrome C, caspase-9 and caspase-3 in the rats with cerebral ischemia/reperfusion.METHODS: Adult healthy SD rats (n=60) were randomly divided into 3 groups: sham group, ischemia/reperfusion injury (I/R) group and soybean isoflavone (SI) pretreatment group. Soybean isoflavones (120 mg·kg-1·d-1) were fed by gastric lavage for 21 d. The global ischemia/reperfusion model of the rats was established by blocking 3 vessels, and then reperfused for 1 h after 1 h of ischemia. The morphological change of the cerebral cortex cells was observed under light microscope. The mitochondrial ultrastructure of the cerebral cortex cells was determined by transmission electron microscope. The apoptotic rate of the cerebral cortex cells was detected by flow cytometry. The expression of cytochrome C, caspase-9 and caspase-3 in the cerebral cortex cells was determined by semi-quantitative RT-PCR and immunohistochemical techniques.RESULTS: Disintegration of mitochondria membrane and disappearance of the mitochondrial cristae were seen in I/R group. Compared with I/R group, the change of ultrastructure of mitochondria was significantly improved by soybean isoflavone pretreatment, and the neuronal apoptotic rate was also significantly decreased (P<0.01). The mRNA expression and protein content of cytochrome C, caspase-9 and caspase-3 in I/R group were obviously higher than those in sham group (P<0.01). Compared with I/R group, the mRNA expression and protein content of cytochrome C, caspase-9 and caspase-3 in SI group were significantly decreased (P<0.01).CONCLUSION: Soybean isoflavones attenuate cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury by stabilizing the structure of mitochondria, preventing cytochrome C release to the cytoplasm, inhibiting the activation of caspase-9 and caspase-3 and decreasing cell apoptosis．     

镉致大鼠BRL 3A细胞DNA及线粒体损伤

为了研究镉对大鼠肝细胞系(BRL 3A细胞)DNA及线粒体损伤的作用,本研究选用0、10、20、40 μmol/L的醋酸镉分别作用于BRL 3A细胞12h,利用四氮唑蓝比色分析法(MTT法)测定细胞存活率,显微镜观察各组细胞形态,通过彗星试验法检测细胞DNA的损伤,用透射电镜观察细胞线粒体超微结构,并检测细胞Caspase 3,9的活力.结果显示,随镉浓度的增大(10～40 μmol/L),BRL 3A细胞存活率降低,拖尾率、尾长、尾部DNA含量、细胞Caspase 3,9的活力和线粒体变形肿胀以及空泡现象均呈增加趋势;表明镉可致BRL 3A细胞DNA及线粒体损伤,并呈剂量依赖关系.     

热带-亚热带蚕桑防灾减灾技术探讨

根据桑树生长和蚕桑生产的特点,分析热带一亚热带（珠江流域）蚕区洪涝灾害、干旱、低温冻害、冰雹灾害等自然灾害发生、危害特点及对蚕业生产的影响,提出蚕桑防灾减灾及灾后恢复生产技术措施。     

石家庄市大叶女贞冬季冻害分析

对石家庄市不同树龄、不同栽植环境及栽植方式的大叶女贞冬季受冻情况进行了调查.结果表明：不同树龄之间的大叶女贞冬季受冻程度存在显著差异,随着树龄的增加,其抗寒性显著增强.市内建筑物形成的小环境对大叶女贞的受冻情况存在显著影响,庭院栽植、市内行道树栽植、近郊栽植及郊外栽植的大叶女贞受冻情况逐渐加重,其差异达到显著水平.同是市内栽植,路北的行道树由于北面有建筑物的遮挡,受冻程度较轻;路南的行道树,由于其北面为空旷的道路,受冻程度较重;路东及路西的行道树,受冻程度介于路南及路北之间.单排栽植及多排块状栽植的行道树,平均叶片受冻率的差异达到显著水平,平均叶片宿存率及平均枝条抽梢率差异不显著.     

临夏地区春季经济花果树类及农作物霜冻灾害形成条件及防御对策

应用常规的气象资料,分析了1980—2012年临夏春季28例霜冻灾害,从形成强霜冻灾害的气候特征、霜冻灾害类型、灾害成因等方面,揭示当地春季霜冻灾害的特征,并提出了经济花果树类、农作物霜冻灾害防御对策,其中采用最有效的方法是栽培技术法、喷药法、烟幕法、灌水法、覆盖法等,近年来在当地春季农业霜冻防御实践中,其效果非常显著。