利用昆虫性诱剂调控菜田夜蛾的示范试验

进行了性诱剂防控甜菜夜蛾、斜纹夜蛾的示范试验,结果表明,使用甜菜夜蛾、斜纹夜蛾性诱剂对于夜蛾幼虫的田间分布有影响,可减轻田间幼虫的发生数量,减少药剂使用次数。性诱剂控制种群密度具有显著作用和良好的应用前景。     

斯美地熏蒸土壤防除烟草苗床杂草和病虫害研究

田间试验示范和室内外测定证明：３２．７％斯美地５０ｍｌ／ｍ＾２能够有效防除烟草苗床常见杂草,其除草效果达８６．１％（与溴甲烷效果相当）,比手工除草节约用工率８４．３％,斯美地５０．７５,１００ｍｌ／ｍ＾２的除草效果差异不显著,其用药量以５０￣７５ｍｌ／ｍ＾２为宜。     

2008年山西省小地老虎暴发原因分析及防治技术探讨

从虫源基数、气候条件、生态因素、耕作习惯等方面出发,对2008年山西省小地老虎暴发原因做了深入分析。同时结合生产中的经验教训,对小地老虎的防治技术进行了探讨。     

小卷蛾斯氏线虫对小地老虎的侵染性试验

室内试验结果表明 ,不同温度、不同线虫剂量对小地老虎幼虫的侵染力不同 .在 2 2 - 2 7℃温度内 ,线虫侵染力最强 ;在同一温度下 ,线虫剂量越大 ,小地老虎幼虫死亡率越高 .田间试验结果表明 ,2种施放线虫方法毒饵法和浇灌法防治小地老虎效果均比喹硫磷好 ;毒饵法 (线虫剂量为 4 0 0 0 0条·株 -1)防治小地老虎的田间平均防治效果可达 6 8.53%     

不同密度化学信息素控制烟草斜纹夜蛾的效果

[目的]研究化学信息素控制烟草斜纹夜蛾的田间最适放置密度。[方法]分别按25.8 m×25.8 m(15.0个/hm2)、31.6 m×31.6m(22.5个/hm2)和36.5 m×36.5 m(30.0个/hm2)各放置16个诱捕器(4行×4排),同时设不低于2 hm2的空白对照,3次重复。[结果]在忽略风向的影响下,随单个诱捕器控制面积的增加,诱蛾量有所增加,但3种不同密度处理间诱蛾量差异不显著;3种放置密度均可有效控制烟田斜纹夜蛾的发生,减少农药使用,保护田间自然天敌,降低防治成本。[结论]化学信息素控制烟草斜纹夜蛾的诱捕器放置密度以31.6 m×31.6 m(22.5个/hm2)为宜。     

小地老虎为害棉苗的经济阈值研究

在豫中南棉区，小地老虎一代低龄幼虫平均自然生存率为３０．８５％－３９．１３％左右，其为害棉苗的损失，随虫口密度增加而增长，当每ｍ＾２有１头幼虫时，平均产量损失率达０．８８％。此数值可作为该虫对棉苗为害的经济受害水平。在正常降水情况下，经济阈值为低龄幼虫２．５－３头／ｍ＾２；在无降水或雨后防治则为１头／ｍ＾２。     

海芋凝集素对几种鳞翅目昆虫的毒杀活性

采用饲喂、口腔灌注、腹足注射和喷雾等方法,比较了海芋凝集素粗品对3种鳞翅目昆虫菜粉蝶、亚洲玉米螟和斜纹夜蛾幼虫的毒杀活性.结果表明:海芋凝集素粗品对受试昆虫有一定的胃毒和触杀活性,其中海芋块茎凝集素粗品口腔灌注菜粉蝶幼虫的胃毒活性最高,5%海芋块茎凝集素粗品处理后5、6d,菜粉蝶幼虫的死亡率分别为62.5%和75.0%,表明海芋凝集素对昆虫的胃毒是其主要作用方式.     

Genetic analysis of antixenosis resistance to the common cutworm (Spodoptera litura Fabricius) and its relationship with pubescence characteristics in soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.)

The common cutworm (CCW, Spodoptera litura Fabricius) is one of the most serious pests of soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.). Previously, two quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for antibiosis resistance to CCW, CCW-1 and CCW-2, were detected in the resistant cultivar Himeshirazu. In this study, we conducted an anti-xenosis bioassay using a recombinant inbred population derived from a cross between a susceptible cultivar Fukuyutaka and Himeshirazu to perform QTL analysis. Two QTLs for antixenosis resistance, qRslx1 and qRslx2, were identified on Chrs 7 and 12, and the resistant alleles of qRslx1 and qRslx2 were derived from Himeshirazu and Fukuyutaka, respectively. The position of qRslx1 is similar to that of CCW-1. We also analyzed pubescence characteristics because they have been reported to be associated with soybean insect resistance. Two QTLs for pubescence length (on Chrs 7 and 12) and two QTLs for pubescence density (on Chrs 1 and 12) were identified. The pubescence QTLs on Chrs 7 and 12 were located near qRslx1 and qRslx2, respectively. These results suggest that the antixenosis resistance could be controlled genetically by the identified QTLs and that the pubescence characteristics might contribute to the soybean antixenosis resistance to CCW.