硅对黄瓜霜霉病抑制效果和抗性相关酶活性的影响

在营养液中加入不同浓度硅且接种黄瓜霜霉病菌后,通过调查其病情指数和检测黄瓜叶片内硅元素含量及过氧化物酶(guaiacol-peroxidase,POD)、多酚氧化酶(polyphenol oxidase,PPO)、苯丙氨酸解氨酶(phenylalanine ammonia-lysae,PAL)、β-1,3葡聚糖酶(β-1,3-glucanase)、超氧化物歧化酶(superoxidedismutase,SOD)5种抗霜霉病相关酶活性,探讨硅抑制黄瓜霜霉病的生理生化机制。结果表明,营养液中硅浓度为100mg/L的处理,黄瓜霜霉病病情指数为21.3,防治效果达到62.8%;营养液中硅浓度与黄瓜叶片内硅元素含量呈正相关,200mg/L处理叶片内硅元素含量最高,且7天后达到2.98mg/g;加硅处理接种黄瓜霜霉病菌后,黄瓜叶片抗病相关酶活性变化明显且差异达显著水平,其中硅浓度为100～200mg/L时上述5种酶活性最高。     

黄瓜霜霉病菌致病作用与两种细胞壁降解酶关系初探

 从黄瓜发生霜霉病的叶片中提取到两种细胞壁降解酶：羧甲基纤维素酶(Cx)和p一葡萄糖苷酶,二者活性显著高于对照,证明在霜霉病菌侵染寄主过程中这两种细胞壁降解酶起到了关键作用。     

保护地黄瓜霜霉病的发生与防治

黄瓜霜霉病是黄瓜栽培生产中的流行性病害,分析了其发病规律,并从农业、生态和化学防治方面总结了防治技术和方法。     

Cadmium accumulation and distribution in cucumber plant

An experiment developed in soilless culture was used to study the cadmium (Cd) accumulation, and distribution of Cd in cucumber (Cucumis sativus var. peonero‐mixfl) plant. Four treatments were established (0, 5, 10, and 20 mg Cd⁺² L^‐1). Uptake, and transport of Cd were increased with time, and Cd concentration in the nutrient solution. Fruit accumulation of Cd varied from 16 to 92 mg kg^‐1 depending on the treatments. The fresh weight, and dry matter accumulation of cucumber plant organs (roots, stem, leaves, and fruits) was affected by cadmium treatment. A decrease of the total, a, and b chlorophyll increasing Cd concentration in nutrient solution, and time of experiment were observed. The incidence of this metal on the content of chlorophyll b seem to be faster than chlorophyll a. Cucumber plant could be a feasible plant for pollution experiments due to their high sensibility, and transport efficiency.     

室内黄瓜霜霉病防治方法的研究

黄瓜霜霉病菌属专性寄生菌,无法在培养基上生长,只能在活体上进行抑菌测试试验。从黄瓜栽培、病菌接种、病级划分标准和防效计算几个方面介绍了室内防治黄瓜霜霉病的研究方法。     

代森锰锌与烯酰吗啉混配对黄瓜霜霉病的室内联合毒力测定

在室内用叶盘漂浮法测定了代森锰锌与烯酰吗啉混配对黄瓜霜霉病的联合毒力与增效作用.结果表明:代森锰锌与烯酰吗啉以12.8∶1、8.9∶1、6.7∶1比例混配的增效系数(SR)为1.06、1.11、1.21,表现为相加作用;以43∶1、53∶1比例混配的SR值分别为1.54、1.56,表现为协同增效作用.     

Hypovirulence detected in Brazilian isolates of Cryphonectria cubensis

A single 3 kb segment of double-stranded (dsRNA) was present in three of 30 Brazilian isolates of Cryphonectria cubensis . These dsRNA-containing isolates showed morphological characteristics suggestive of hypovirulence and were significantly less virulent than dsRNA-free isolates. One isolate, however, with morphological characteristics suggestive of hypovirulence, showed reduced virulence, but was free from dsRNA. Conversion of virulent isolates with normal morphology to a morphology associated with hypovirulence was achieved by pairing hypovirulent and virulent isolates of the same vegetative compatibility group (VCG). This suggests that dsRNA can be transmitted to isolates of the same vegetative compatibility group by hyphal anastomosis. Converted isolates exhibited the same hypovirulence-associated traits as those of the original dsRNA-containing hypovirulent isolates. These studies suggest that a single 3 kb segment of dsRNA alters both morphology and virulence by conferring hypovirulence on the pathogen; the first such report for Brazilian isolates of C. cubensis .     

Biological properties of the novel fungicide cyazofamid against Phytophthora infestans on tomato and Pseudoperonospora cubensis on cucumber

Cyazofamid (ISO proposed common name), 4-chloro-2-cyano-N,N-dimethyl-5-p-tolylimidazole-1-sulfonamide is a novel fungicide exhibiting specific activity against diseases caused by Oomycetes. In tests, cyazofamid at 0.4-1.6 mg litre-1 exhibited excellent preventative activity against Phytophthora infestans on tomato and Pseudoperonospora cubensis on cucumber. Minimum inhibitory concentrations of cyazofamid against both diseases were over 63 times lower than those of mancozeb and at least 16 times lower than those of metalaxyl. Cyazofamid at 1.6-25 mg litre-1 exhibited not only preventative activity, but also stable residual activity and rainfastness. Cyazofamid at 6.3 mg litre-1 reduced zoosporangia formation of P infestans and P cubensis on host plants by 100 and 94% respectively. Cyazofamid also exhibited translaminar and curative activity. Cyazofamid has a new mode of action for fungicides and exhibits no cross-resistance with other currently registered and commonly used fungicides. These properties lead to a high level control by cyazofamid in field.     

干旱区甜瓜霜霉病远距离传播空间结构的初步研究

 经过9年在塔里木盆地边缘干旱区对伽师县等3个相互隔离的甜瓜霜霉病流行系统的实地调查研究,提出了甜瓜霜霉病远距离传播的三级空间结构。一个甜瓜霜霉病流行系统单元是在一个绿洲内,围绕可提供初侵染病原的黄瓜温室区而形成的,其空间结构分为区系(包含若干种植区)、种植区(包含若干田块)和田块三级结构。伽师甜瓜霜霉病流行区系分为3个种植区,甜瓜霜霉病每年春季最先从位于种植一区发生霜霉病的黄瓜温室附近的甜瓜开始发生,之后甜瓜霜霉病由近向远逐步传播。种植二区和种植三区甜瓜霜霉病的初发病时间(初发病中心出现的时间)比种植一区的分别平均晚20和45d,发病中心与初菌源地的平均距离分别是56.4和106.5km,表明此地甜瓜霜霉病菌远距离传播经历了从种植一区到种植二区,再从种植二区到种植三区的传播过程。