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101.
对油菜的冠层温度特征进行了研究,并在此基础上建立了油菜的冠气温差模型和CWSI模型。利用建立的CWSI模型对植株含水率进行预测,结果表明:油菜含水率预测值与实测值的平均相对误差小于9.2%;CWSI模型能够实现对油菜含水率的定性和定量分析。  相似文献   
102.
基于遥感和蚁群算法的多目标种植结构优化   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
针对农业种植结构与水资源不匹配的问题,以主要作物不同生育期需水特点和区域降水特点吻合性为基础,建立了考虑灌区节水效益、经济效益和生态效益的多目标种植结构优化模型,并以宝鸡峡五泉灌区为例,利用遥感快速获取灌区种植结构信息,并以不同口粮面积约束为条件建立2种优化方案,采用蚁群算法对模型在不同约束下的2种优化方案进行优化求解.结果表明:方案1,2的灌区需水总量为现状的85.4%和83.4%,纯收入比现状在平水年低5.4%和高7.1%,在干旱年低5.9%和高7.3%,降雨耦合度分别在平水年高12.6%和15.6%,干旱年高17.5%和28.6%,对2种不同约束方案优化结果比较得出,方案2为最优调整方案.该研究在未改变原有灌区种植面积的条件下,经种植结构优化调整后,既可保持灌区生态环境的可持续发展,又使灌区经济收入有很大的提高.这对农业节水规划具有较高的实用价值和理论意义.  相似文献   
103.
Two Hungarian virus isolates from sweet pepper (K8) and melon (S4) were identified as cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) on the basis of host plant reactions and serology. The isolates were purified and antisera prepared. Homologous antiserum titers in double-diffusion tests were 256 (K8) and 512 (S4). They were serologically closely related to each other and to other CMV isolates. On the basis of symptoms they belong to different symptomatological groups of CMV; this was supported by serological properties. Sedimentation coefficients were c. 93 S, at 2 mg ml–1. Purified preparations, stained with 2% uranyl acetate, showed spherical particles. In ELISA purified preparations reacted with each other's antisera.Samenvatting Twee hongaarse virusisolaten uit paprika (K8) en meloen (S4) werden geïdentificeerd als komkommermozaïekvirus (CMV) met behulp van toetsplanten en serologie. Beide isolaten werden gezuiverd en er werden antisera tegen bereid. De homologe titers van de antisera in de agar-geldiffusietoets bedroegen 256 (K8) en 512 (S4). K8 en S4 waren serologisch nauw verwant aan elkaar, evenals aan andere CMV-isolaten. Op grond van hun symptomen op toetsplanten behoren ze tot verschillende symptomatologische groepen van CMV. Dit laatste werd gesteund door de serologische eigenschappen. Beide isolaten hebben een sedimentatiecoëfficiënt van ca 93 S, bij een concentratie van 2 mg ml–1. Gezuiverde preparaten, gekleurd met 2% uranylacetaat, bleken bolvormige deeltjes te bevatten. In ELISA reageerden gezuiverde preparaten van K8 en S4 met elkaars antisera.  相似文献   
104.
为了研究孔板流量计在测量流量快速变化时的特性,以孔板流量计瞬时孔流系数C为研究对象,采用计算流体动力学(CFD)方法,基于Realizable分离涡模拟(DES)描述瞬时湍流流动,模拟研究了流量直线加速过程瞬时C和内流场随时间的演变结果.为了对比分析,将加速过程离散为不同流量下的稳态点,采用Realizable k-ε模拟各个稳态点的孔流系数和流场结构.稳态孔流系数C0的模拟结果与ISO试验回归曲线相比,误差在3%以内.将加速过程和稳态假设下模拟的孔流系数结果进行对比,结果表明:加速过程瞬时C从0逐渐增加至稳定值,而稳态C0基本保持在0.6附近.进一步将孔流系数与内流场和压力场分布的演化结合起来分析,得出以下结论:加速流动的漩涡滞后于稳定状态,加速前期压能没有在短距离内全部转换为动能,是导致C与C0产生偏差的内流原因.研究内容可为瞬时流量的测量提供参考基础.  相似文献   
105.
坝前抛石压重加固病险水库已是一种经济,有效的加固措施,但规范和设计手册均无规定压重长度和高度的尺寸取值,其对大坝稳定影响效果不明确。针对这一问题,结合杨庄水库工程采用简化毕肖普法探讨了不同压重长度及高度,在正常运行稳定渗流的情况下对土石坝抗滑稳定的影响,得出压重长度应为0.45~0.55倍坝高,高度应至少在0.19倍坝高以上,越高则安全系数越大,但不宜超过0.3倍坝高。  相似文献   
106.
    
Sustainability of irrigated agriculture with declining water supplies is a critical agricultural issue in the US Great Plains. Imposing water deficits on crops during noncritical growth periods must be implemented to maximize net economic output per unit of water consumed by the plant. An irrigation timing and amount determination for such a scenario is not a simple straight‐forward procedure. Methods that monitor plant stress indicators would appear to be most promising. Several canopy temperature‐based irrigation timing techniques exist that determine when to irrigate but do not indicate how much to irrigate. The reference ET‐crop coefficient procedure for determining crop ET which is used in fully irrigated crop conditions would be easiest to implement; however the water stress coefficient used in that procedure may not be applicable for prolonged periods of water stress. The objective of this study was to investigate use of a ratio of canopy temperature (Tc) measured over fully irrigated and water‐stressed corn (Zea mays L.) as a substitute for the water stress coefficient presently used in the reference ET‐crop coefficient concept. Preliminary results indicated that the Tc ratio is a reasonable quantitative water stress coefficient for calculating crop ET under water stress conditions. This ratio allows application of the crop coefficient method for scheduling deficit irrigation. Furthermore the Tc ratio lends itself to hourly incorporation of plant stress effects on crop ET since canopy temperature can be measured continuously throughout the day. Published in 2010. This article is a US Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.  相似文献   
107.
    
The carrying capacity of a subsurface drainage network based on spatially varied flow with increasing discharge and the presence of a free surface is examined and reported. The discharge capacity of a subsurface drainage network depends on the hydraulic and geometric parameters of the network components which should be clearly identified. In this regard a prototype scale experimental set‐up was prepared to determine the major head loss of the corrugated pipes employed in these networks and to investigate the minor head losses of different network junction types. According to the compiled data average values for the major and minor head loss coefficients were proposed and employed for modelling the flow condition within a subsurface drainage network. The model determines the network discharge capacity based on the real flow condition i.e. a free surface spatially varied flow regime. Comparison between the outputs of the applied model with that of the traditional relationships indicated a large discrepancy. The results revealed that applying existing formulations in the design process would likely pressurize significant portions of the network which could affect the water depletion period from the plant root zone. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.  相似文献   
108.
    
A labyrinth path is the predominant pattern for drip irrigation emitters at present. It is very important to explore the pressure loss mechanism for the labyrinth path. This paper took the Minkowski fractal curve flow path, a special labyrinth flow path, as an object to study the pressure loss mechanism of fractal flow paths with dimension analysis technology and rough pipe turbulence theory. The results of the research showed that the Reynolds number has an insignificant effect on the friction coefficient of the flow path, which can be ignored. The friction coefficient was primarily related to the hydraulic radius, fractal dimension and unit length of the fractal flow path. Under the pressure of 15–150 kpa within the fractal flow path, the flow was completely turbulent. Hence, constructing the fractal flow path is an effective approach to simultaneously enhancing the hydraulic performance and anti‐clogging performance. The critical Reynolds number for flow twist was moved earlier because of the continuous disturbance within the flow path of the emitters. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   
109.
运用茆智提出的ET0预测方法,并结合其他学者对方法的改进,利用日常的天气预报信息,分别对豫北地区的冬小麦和夏玉米生育期内的ET0进行了预测。结果表明,在冬小麦生育期的ET0预测值,返青前绝对误差不超过0.8mm/d,返青以后93%的预测结果相对误差小于20%,53%的预测结果小于10%;在夏玉米生育时期内的预测值,95...  相似文献   
110.
插入式地下滴水器的研制与水力性能试验分析   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
在对现有滴头、滴箭等产品结构改进与优化设计的基础上,研制开发出一种具有快速装拆、移动灵活、抗堵塞功能的插入式地下滴水器产品,通过产品的具体结构组成与工作原理分析,进行了其流量均匀性、压力-流量关系的试验研究,结果表明:插入式地下滴水器所需起始工作压力低,额定流量小,具有较稳定的水力性能,适合用于对缺水区非密植作物的补充性抗旱灌溉,起到提高设备利用率、有效降低灌溉系统投资的作用,且能成功地把地表滴灌转化为地下滴灌的应用模式.  相似文献   
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