Seed priming to mitigate the impact of elevated carbon dioxide associated temperature stress on germination in rice (Oryza sativa L.)

ABSTRACT

Climate change has a negative impact on crop production by inducing several stresses throughout plant growth. As the germination is one of the critical stages, this study was to assess the impact of elevated carbon dioxide (eCO₂) and associated temperature stress on germination of rice. The study was conducted using the rice genotype CO 51 in artificially induced eCO₂ condition using open-top chamber (OTC). The efficiency of seed priming treatment with salicylic acid (SA), citric acid (CA), ascorbic acid (AsA) and distilled water (hydropriming) to alleviate stress due to eCO₂ and temperature were also studied. SA 25 mg l^?1 and AsA 100 mg l^?1 enhanced germination, other seed quality parameters along with α- amylase activity. Also, the activity of antioxidant enzymes like catalase, peroxidase and superoxide dismutase was increased. These parameters positively affected the germination and growth by mitigating the effect of oxidative stress induced under eCO₂ conditions. So, SA, CA and AsA can be effectively used for maintaining seed quality parameters and seedling growth during the stresses.     

桃果顶坏死病因及其防治方法研究

通过用原子吸收分光光度法对桃叶含钙量检测、叶、果和根部施用营养元素校正以及生长调节剂诱发等诊断方法,表明桃果顶坏死病由缺钙引起。在寿县、固镇及安徽农业大学进行增施钙肥多点大面积防治试验,均收到良好效果。     

农业文化的价值及继承和保护探讨

本文运用旅游学、农业经济学及品牌管理理论,对湖南农业旅游名牌战略和开发模式及对策进行了系统研究。结果表明,湖南作为农业大省和旅游大省,面对日益激烈的市场竞争,实施农业旅游名牌战略已经是大势所趋;农业旅游名牌战略有利于推动农业结构和农业旅游的转型升级,有利于推动现代农业的发展,有利于扩大农业品牌、旅游品牌的发展空间。湖南农业旅游名牌成长具有区域旅游合作不断深化、农业资源优势和农业产业化的发展及新农村建设的广泛开展等良好机遇,同时也面临名牌意识淡薄、国内竞争加剧、缺少长效融资渠道及旅游人才匮乏等严峻挑战。湖南农业旅游名牌载体开发的主要模式可以划分为田园型、乡村型、科技型、农贸型四种。制订实施农业旅游名牌战略过程中,应该重点在战略思路、发展规划、区域特色、营销创新、营造环境几方面采取有力措施。     

Growth and yield studies of potato development in a semi-arid region. 3. Effect of water stress and amounts of nitrogen top dressing on physiological indices and on tuber yield and quality of several cultivars

Summary The response of five potato cultivars (Alpha, Cardinal, Désirée, Spunta and Up-to-Date) to a range of amounts of irrigation nitrogen top dressing (N.t.) in a rainless region was studied by means of the line-source sprinkler method. The irrigation-to-evaporation ratio,K _p, ranged from 0.14 to 1.27 and N.t. from 12 kg/ha to 201 kg/ha, respectively. In all cultivars, the yield increased linearly up toK _p=1.0; at higher ratios there was a yield decline in all cultivars except for Cardinal, in which the yield function flattened off. Spunta was the highest yielding cultivar (16t/ha) in the dry range (K _p=0.14; N.t.=12 kg/ha). Désirée was the highest yielding cultivar (64 t/ha) in the wet range (K _p=1.0; N.t.=201 kg/ha), and Alpha was the lowest yielding cultivar in both the dry and wet range (9 and 46 t/ha, respectively). Leaf permeability, leaf water potential and photosynthesis rate decreased, and tuber dry matter percentage increased with decreasingK _p: these indices also varied with plant age, and among cultivars. Yields were adversely affected when soil water potential at the 30-cm depth dropped below −0.4 bar. Contributon from the Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani Center, Bet Dagan, Israel. No E-811, 1983 Series.     

糖厂酒精废液作追肥对甘蔗生长及产量的影响

以糖厂酒精废液为追肥(淋施)在甘蔗上进行了施用试验。结果表明,酒精废液在甘蔗生产上作早期追肥对甘蔗的分蘖、生长和提高甘蔗产量有明显的效果。以每667 m2施酒精废液4 t加尿素20 kg和施酒精废液3 t加尿素20 kg效果较好,理论产量分别达6 279.4 kg/667m2和6 065.3 kg/667m2,从节约生产成本和劳动力的角度出发,推荐施酒精废液3 t加尿素20 kg作追肥。     

浅议设计阶段工程造价的控制

阐述了在现行的管理体制下,设计工作没有得到应有的重视和监督,建设单位没有采取应有的措施促使设计单位去精心设计和限额设计,设计单位缺乏优选设计方案,片面追求设计的数量和经济效益,精品意识不强,造成概算超过估算,预算超过概算,竣工决算超过预算的“三超”现象．阐明了工程造价控制的方法、步骤和措施．     

烟草丛顶病研究进展

 烟草丛顶病是一类在局部地区产生严重危害的烟草病害,由烟草丛顶病毒和烟草扭脉病毒复合侵染引起。目前该病在我国仅云南有发生的报道,烟草丛顶病也是国内第一个报道的由幽影病毒属成员引起的病害。本文较为系统全面地综述了烟草丛顶病的发生与分布、病害症状学、病原物、与病害相关的dsRNA、病组织超微病变以及病害的流行及控制等方面的研究进展。     

长江流域的农发行宜支持优质棉花的生产

位于长江流域的沿江地区的较多省、市、县农发行,因棉花信贷占全部信贷资产的７０％左右,其信贷在发展析花生产中位置重要性显而易见。２０００年以来,国内棉花市场供大于求的状况出现转机,应认清形势,抓住契机,利用政策性信贷杠杆,支持优化棉花品种结构,稳定和扩大优质棉的生产,增强优质棉的市场竞争力,促进当地棉花收储企业走出低谷,健康发展。以改善棉花信贷环境,提高信贷效益,确保棉花收购资金持续稳定封闭运行。     

TBTV卫星RNA不同分离物的序列测定及系统进化分析*

  利用RT-PCR方法对烟草丛顶病毒（tobacco bushy top virus,TBTV）卫星RNA不同分离物进行扩增和克隆测序,同时运用DNAMAN,MEGA,ClustalX等生物软件对TBTV和其它幽影病毒的卫星RNA核苷酸序列进行同源性比较,构建了幽影病毒属成员卫星RNA的系统进化树。E结果显示：TBTV不同分离物卫星RNA的核苷酸同源性为792%～990%。它们与幽影病毒属其它成员卫星RNA的核苷酸同源性为325%～441%。通过构建幽影病毒属成员卫星RNA的系统进化树可以看出：TBTV的卫星RNA与GRV的卫星RNA亲缘关系最近,与CMoMV的亲缘关系最远。     

氮肥基追比和追肥时期对小麦产量的影响

小麦氮肥基追比和追肥时期试验结果表明：适宜的基追肥比例为1∶3及1∶1。追肥时间宜在3月18日-3月28日之间。提高追肥比例会减少穗数和穗粒数,增加千粒重;追施氮肥时间后移会使穗数减少,穗粒数、千粒重增加,灌浆期延长,成熟期推迟。