我国水稻种植机械化的发展前景与对策

水稻种植已成为制约水稻生产全程机械化的瓶颈,通过分析我国水稻生产对机械化种植的需求及发展前景,以我国水稻机械化种植技术发展中存在的问题为切入点,结合我国水稻生产特点,从农艺学角度探讨了发展我国机械化种植中所需解决的问题,提出了发展水稻机械化种植技术的对策。     

“Fallow Band System,” a land management practice for controlling desertification and improving crop production in the Sahel,West Africa. 1. Effectiveness in desertification control and soil fertility improvement

Wind erosion is a major contributor to desertification in the Sahel. Although three effective countermeasures for wind erosion (i.e. ridging, mulching with post-harvest crop residue, and windbreaks) have been proposed, they are not practical for Sahelian farmers. Therefore, we designed a new land management practice, termed the “Fallow Band System,” which can be used for both controlling wind erosion and improving soil fertility and crop production. This method does not impose additional expense and labor requirements on Sahelian farmers who are economically challenged and have limited manpower. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of this system on wind-erosion control and soil-fertility improvement. We conducted field experiments at the International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics West and Central Africa and showed that (i) a fallow band can capture 74% of wind-blown soil particles and 58% of wind-blown coarse organic matter, which suggests that it can effectively control wind erosion, (ii) the amount of soil nutrients available for crops in a former fallow band was increased by the decomposition of trapped soil materials containing considerable amounts of nutrients, and (iii) the amount of soil water available for crops in a former fallow band was increased by the trapped wind-blown soil materials through improvement of rainwater infiltration into surface soil. These results lead to the conclusion that the “Fallow Band System” can be useful for preventing desertification and improving soil fertility in the Sahel, West Africa.     

中国生物农药发展的现实挑战与对策分析

生物农药的推广有助于克服传统农药生产和使用不当造成的农产品质量安全和环境污染问题。但是我国目前在生物农药研发、推广和销售等方面存在人才储备、资金和政策支持不足,产业发展初期各主体间协作和成果落地转化不够,标准体系和产业化发展不充分,对农业产业和生态环境认识欠缺等问题。为克服弊端,可从立足农业生产现实、把握未来研发方向、加强多元机制建设、保证生物农药推广落地、形成我国生物农药核心竞争力几条思路出发,把握机遇、迎接挑战。     

河南周口市中心城区街旁绿地现状及对策分析

充分利用城市边角空地,加大街旁绿地建设,是提高城市绿化覆盖率和绿化水平的有效途径。文章对周口市中心城区街旁绿地现状进行分析,并提出相应对策,为周口市街旁绿地建设提供参考。     

武汉市城市垃圾处理的现状与对策分析

指出了随着社会经济的不断发展,城市里的生活垃圾等相关污染问题已经凸显出来。合理、科学地对城市垃圾进行处理是城市管理和建设中面临的一个重大难题。针对目前武汉市垃圾处理的现状和发展趋势,分析了武汉市城市垃圾处理取得的成果和存在的问题．最后给出了国外垃圾处理对武汉市的启示与建议．从而为武汉市的城市生活垃圾处理提供参考。     

广东省生态景观林带建设现状、问题和对策

为了改善生态环境和美化景观,广东省于2012年全面启动实施生态景观林带建设,取得了显著成效,为今后的工作提供了宝贵经验。在推进工程建设中,也存在一些亟需解决的问题。文章针对这些问题,提出了相应的对策措施,以促进广东省生态景观林带高标准建设。     

甘肃民勤石羊河国家湿地公园湿地现状及保护对策

概述了甘肃民勘石羊河国家湿地公园的湿地类型、湿地面积、水资源状况、野生动植物分布等湿地特点。在此基础上,着重在强化湿地宣传、生态环境建设、水资源治理、推进节约用水、防治水污染等方面提出了该湿地公园的保护对策。     

贵州林下经济发展现状及发展对策研究

发展林下经济是增加农民收入、巩固集体林权制度改革和生态建设成果、加快林业产业结构调整步伐、促进绿色增长的迫切需要,是提高林地产出、增加农民收入的有效途径。贵州林下经济发展尚处于起步阶段,底子薄、办法少、政府扶持力度不够,促进林下经济发展尚需要新的举措。     

额尔古纳市水源涵养林现状及发展对策

水源涵养林指河川、水库、湖泊集水区内主要功能为涵养水源的森林。文章通过对额尔古纳市水源涵养林现状的分析,总结了额尔古纳市水源涵养林存在的问题,并提出水源涵养林建设发展对策。     

湖南省珍贵乡土用材树种研究现状与发展对策

阐述了国内外珍贵乡土用材树种的研究现状,分析了湖南省珍贵乡土用材树种研究与发展利用中存在的问题,提出了今后一个时期内湖南省珍贵乡土用材树种研究与发展的建议及对策。